• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

Owing to the deterioration of reconstruction and the construction, much of the construction waste is discharged in our construction field. By supplementing aggregate resources that are insufficient by recycling waste concrete, it is considered that the resource-preserving effect according to the saving and reuse of resource as well as eco-friendly effect that is regarded as important in recent industrial society may be expected. In this study conducted an experiment by setting up 15 levels according to the variations in the rate of substitution of recycled coarse aggregate by the water cement ratio(40, 50, 60%). As the result of it, the slump and air contents was increased by ratio of coarse aggregate, and the elapsed characteristics by the ratio of recycled coarse aggregate showed that there is no clear difference in slump and the air contents. Further, in the characteristics of strength development, the lower the water cement ratio, the higher the compressive strength at early ages, compared with crushed stone, while the compression declined according to the increase of substitution rate of recycled gravel as it was tending upward long-term ages.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2018

Varying degrees of complications can occur after hyaluronic acid filler injections. Tissue necrosis due to interruption of the vascular supply is an early complication that can be severe. If the site of tissue necrosis due to the filler injection is the forehead, successfully reconstructing the region without distorting the key landmarks is challenging. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man who experienced widespread forehead skin necrosis after hyaluronic acid filler injection in the glabellar area. We successfully covered the forehead area with a $3{\times}4-cm^2$ midline necrotic tissue using the modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap method. Although modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap closure has the disadvantage of leaving a longer scar compared to conventional double-opposing rotation-advancement flap closure, the additional incision line made along the superior border of the eyebrow aids in camouflaging the scar and decreases eyebrow distortion. Therefore, it is believed that the modified double-opposing rotation-advancement flap technique is an excellent tool for providing adequate soft tissue coverage and minimal free margin distortion when reconstructing widespread skin necrosis in the central mid-lower forehead that can occur after filler injection in the glabellar area.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1242-1246
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• 1997

Criss-cross heart which is a cardiac malformation caused by abnormal rotation of the ventricles early in embryonic development, is rare but a double outlet of right ventricle in priss-cross heart is very rare. We experienced a case of criss-cross heart which is situs solidus, concordant atrioventricular connection and double outlet of rig t ventricle with remote ventricular septal defect of perimembranous inlet type. A 4-years old female was diagnosed as a double outlet of right ventricle in criss-cross heart after echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and cardiac angiography. The surgical correction was a intraventricular reconstruction of left ventricular outflow with 314 circle of 20 mm Hemashield vascular graft from the ventricular septal defect to the aorta. The patient had a temporary atrioventricular block but was recovered uneventfully, and a postoperative echocardiogram showed no left ventricular outflow obstruction, no intracardiac shunt.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.821-826
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• 1993

Between January 1983 and December 1992, we had experienced 79 patients of ventricular septal defect [ VSD ] associated with aortic insufficiency [AI] which constitute 4.6 % of total numbers of VSD. The mean age of the patients was 10.2 years with a range of 1 to 35 years and the average degree of aortic insufficiency classified by Sellers was 2.1. The type of VSD was subpulmonic in 57 patients and perimembranous in 22. Most common pathologic finding causing AI was prolapse of right coronary cusp [ 54 cases ; 71.4% ] ,followed by prolapse of both right and non-coronary cusp[ 12 cases ; 7.9% ]. VSD closure alone was performed in 51 patients and their mean age was 7.7 years [ ranged 1 to 13 years ]. VSD closure and aortic valve reconstruction was performed in 22 patients, VSD closure and aortic valve replacement in 6 patients, and the mean age of the patients was 14.5 years [ ranged 2 to 28 years ], 20.4 years [ ranged 18 to 35 years ] respectively. There was no hospital mortality. All patients were followed up from 1 month to 9 year 4 months [average; 21.4 months ] and there was one late death. Our data suggests that, early closure of VSD without any manipulation on the valve may be sufficient procedure to improve or at least withhold progression of AI in children and furthermore patients with VSD associated AI should be corrected promptly after diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 1994

We reviewed 30 patients with tetralogy of Fallot who had underwent transannular patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract from January 1990 to May 1993. The patients were divided into two groups according to the approaching pattern for the corrective surgery: 12 patients[aged 11 months to 4 years; mean age, 2.3 years] in transatrial group who were repaired by transatrial-transpulmonary approach; 18 patients[aged 13 months to 6 years; mean age, 3.2 years] in transventricular group who were repaired by transventricular approach. The incidence of postoperative right bundle branch block was not statistically different between two groups. With follow up from 3 months to 32 months after operation, none in transatrial group revealed a remnant RVOT stenosis over 50mmHg or tricuspid regurgitation more than grade II with 2D-echocardiography, but two cases[7.7%] in transventricular group revealed these complications. Early postoperative death was 4 cases[13.3%] which all belonged to transventricular group. In conclusion successful repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be accomplished in most patients by transatrial-transpulmonary approach and we can anticipate better results by this approach in terms of postoperative right ventricular function and arrhythmia than conventional transventricular approach.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

April∼August precipitation (141 years : A.D. 1858∼1998) of Mt. Sorak region (East-central Korea) was reconstructed using a tree-ring chronology of Pinus densiflora sampled from Beakdam Shelter area. During the reconstructed Periods, dry periods were 1880∼1887, 1893∼1901 and 1922∼1938, and wet one 1906∼1918. In the long-term variation, the late 19th and early 20th century were drier than the late 20th century. Major wet/dry periodicities in April∼August precipitation series reconstructed were 3.16 and 4.14 years, indicating that short-term variation were more prominent than long-term one.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.975-981
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• 2015

Precise 3D spatial mapping of cells and their connections within living tissues is required to fully understand developmental processes and neural activities. Zebrafish embryos are relatively small and optically transparent, making them the vertebrate model of choice for live in vivo imaging. However, embryonic brains cannot be imaged in their entirety by confocal or two-photon microscopy due to limitations in optical range and scanning speed. Here, we use light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to overcome these limitations and image the entire head of live transgenic zebrafish embryos. We simultaneously imaged cranial neurons and blood vessels during embryogenesis, generating comprehensive 3D maps that provide insight into the coordinated morphogenesis of the nervous system and vasculature during early development. In addition, blood cells circulating through the entire head, vagal and cardiac vasculature were also visualized at high resolution in a 3D movie. These data provide the foundation for the construction of a complete 4D atlas of zebrafish embryogenesis and neural activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.153-161
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• 2007

In 2004, Mal-gun(抹裙) was excavated from a plastered tomb in Seok-nam-dong, In-cheon. This tomb is assumed to be from an upper-class woman. The excavated Mal-gun was used to fill in the empty spaces in coffin, and it was seriously damaged and foxed dark. The Mal-gun is made with thin, loose Sook-cho(숙초), and the width of the fabric is 70cm. Both sides of the crotches are overlapped in front, and the back is opened. The waist straps are detached, leaving a little part to show the width of the straps. The hems of the Mal-gun are sewed straight, without any pleats, except some spaces for the feet to go through. This study compared the Mal-gun of Joseon Dynasty from the documentary records and picture records with the excavated Mal-gun from Seok-nam-dong, In-chceon. Also, actual Mal-gun was manufactured according to the excavated Mal-gun to study the process of manufacturing and the formation. As a result, the excavated Mal-gun has the same form of that shown in Ak-hak-gwae-bum, a documentary record from the early period of Joseon Dynasty.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2011

Various diseases can diffusely involve central airways, including the trachea and main stem bronchi. Central airway abnormalities are frequently not apparent or are overlooked on chest radiographs, even though the patient may have significant symptoms. Recent advances in spiral and multi-detector computed tomography (CT) with multi-planar reconstruction and three-dimensional demonstration, including virtual bronchoscopy, allow for excellent display of central airway anatomy and abnormalities with visualization of accurate locations of lesions. Early detection and proper diagnosis of airway diseases based on various radiographic findings will help determine appropriate treatment, including surgical planning and evaluation of treatment response. Herein we describe and illustrate the imaging findings of a wide spectra of diffuse central airway diseases.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2014

The Netherlands produce more than 11 million tonnes of milk per year, and approximately 60% of the milk is exported. Dutch milk production is five times higher than that of Korea, even though Korea comprises a land area three times greater than the Netherlands. Upscaling and intensification have characterized the Dutch way of dairy farming since 1960, and adverse effects of the intensification of dairy farming became evident from the late 1970s and early 1980s onwards. The transition toward a more sustainable farming system is a central element of the Dutch agenda for the reconstruction of the livestock production sector. The environmental problems in Dutch dairy farming in the 1980s have led to the establishment of the experimental dairy farm "De Marke" which aims at improving the utilization of fertilizers and feeds, through minimizing nutrient requirements, maximizing the use of nutrients in organic manure and homegrown feeds, and through the targeted use of fertilizers and feeds. 85 cows at "De Marke" produce 720 tonnes of milk per year, using 55 ha of pasture in a sustainable manner. That means, 150,000 ha of pasture are required to produce 2 million tonnes of milk, which the current milk production of Korea. It is urgent to provide sufficient pasture for sustainable milk production in Korea, and primarily the transition to pasture of surplus rice paddies, resulting from of a decrease in rice consumption, should be considered.