• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

The current study investigated the influence of age of L2 acquisition (AOA) and length of residence (LOR) in the L2 setting country on the production of voicing-conditioned vowel duration and spectral qualities in English by Korean learners. The primary aim was to explore the ways in which the language-specific phonetic features are acquired by the age of onset and L2 experience. Analyses of the archived corpus data produced by 45 native speakers of Korean showed that, regardless of AOA or LOR, absolute vowel duration was used as a salient correlate of voicing contrast in English for Korean learners. The accuracy of relative vowel duration was influenced more by onset age than by L2 experience, suggesting that being exposed to English at an early age may benefit the acquisition of temporal dimension. On the other hand, the spectral characteristics of English vowels were more consistently influenced by L2 experience, indicating that immersive experience in the L2 speaking environment are likely to improve the accurate production of vowel quality. The distinct influence of the onset age and L2 experience on the specific phonetic cues in L2 vowel production provides insight into the intricate relationship between the two factors on the manifestation of L2 phonological knowledge.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2024

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that depression can be associated with cognitive function decline, primarily focusing on older adults due to the neurodegenerative characteristics of dementia. With persistent depression frequently reported in patients with early-onset or young-onset dementia, this study aimed to assess the impact of depression, specifically the changes in depressive symptoms over time, on the risk of cognitive function decline in middle-aged adults in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study utilized data from the first four waves (2006-2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), focusing on middle-aged adults with normal cognitive function at baseline. Changes in depressive symptoms were categorized into four groups based on the CES-D score, and their association with cognitive function decline was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the initial 10,254 participants, 3,400 were included in the analysis. Depressive status, particularly newly onset (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.93) and persistent depression groups (aOR 5.59; 95% CI 2.90-10.78), were significantly associated with cognitive function decline. In contrast, recovery from depressive symptoms was not significantly associated with cognitive function decline (p=0.809). Conclusions: Our study showed a significant association between changes in depressive symptoms and cognitive function decline in middle-aged Korean adults. This suggests that management of depressive symptoms could be crucial for the prevention of cognitive function decline in this population.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.391-396
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• 2002

The so called setting is defined as the onset of rigidity in fresh concrete. In the analysis of the early-age concrete behavior, we consider fresh concrete as a structural element immediately after mixing. But for the activation of real structural behavior of fresh concrete, it takes some time after the beginning of hydration reaction. So, the very early age deformations due to hydration heat and shrinkage which occur before the setting do not produce restraint stresses. In this paper, we propose a setting characteristic model based on the so called percolation theory. From the analysis using the model, the influence of curing temperature is investigated and analytical results are compared with experimental results. From the comparison, the validity of proposed model is verified. This model is also applied to evaluate stress development in a temperature-stress test machine (TSTM) specimen and then the effect of setting time on the stress development is discussed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

This qualitative study explored the causes of student teacher stress during an early childhood teaching practicum and investigated the ways in which student teachers cope with this stress. Four student teachers in the same practicum placement were individually interviewed. The findings revealed that stress arose over a variety of concerns including both lack of professional knowledge related to the teaching practice and the challenges involved in establishing a positive relationship with their cooperating teacher, the parents and staff. The stress experienced by the student teacher was accompanied by physical symptoms such as exhaustion, fatigue, and the onset of vulnerability to colds. However, the students were found to be generally unsuccessful in managing their stress effectively. The results suggest that attempts to improve the practicum environment should be accompanied by academic interests and practical issues related to these stresses and that there is a clear need for programs designed to assist student teachers develop stress management skills.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2018

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is caused by mutations in one of three genes encoding collagen VI. Although UCMD usually shows an early onset, progressive weakness, contractures and hyperlaxity of the joints, and respiratory failure, it is well known to exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical severities. The severities of the phenotypic subtypes are mainly divided according to the ambulation status. We report a patient with the early-severe phenotype of UCMD who was diagnosed by the detection of novel recessive mutations in COL6A1.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

Recent advances in genetics have determined that a number of epilepsy syndromes that occur in the first year of life are associated with genetic etiologies. These syndromes range from benign familial epilepsy syndromes to early-onset epileptic encephalopathies that lead to poor prognoses and severe psychomotor retardation. An early genetic diagnosis can save time and overall cost by reducing the amount of time and resources expended to reach a diagnosis. Furthermore, a genetic diagnosis can provide accurate prognostic information and, in certain cases, enable targeted therapy. Here, several early infantile epilepsy syndromes with strong genetic associations are briefly reviewed, and their genotype-phenotype correlations are summarized. Because the clinical presentations of these disorders frequently overlap and have heterogeneous genetic causes, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panel testing represents a more powerful diagnostic tool than single gene testing. As genetic information accumulates, genetic testing will likely play an increasingly important role in diagnosing pediatric epilepsy. However, the efforts of clinicians to classify phenotypes in nondiagnosed patients and improve their ability to interpret genetic variants remain important in the NGS era.

• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인지과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

The syllable and the morpheme are known to be important linguistic variables. This study examined whether these variables were activated in an early stage of word recognition using the fast priming task. Mixing the lettercase for the prime, the results of experiment 1 and 2 revealed effects of the syllable and the morpheme at a short SOA (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony), but not at a long SOA. Using the same manipulation in the experiment 3 and 4, an effect of syllable was found to be significant at the short SOA, but not at the long SOA. The study showed that the syllable plays a role in an early stage of word recognition.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2014

The present study investigated the sleep patterns 1-to 3-year-old children and examined whether their sleep patterns would predict their early adjustment to daycare centers. The participants were 239 young children attending daycare centers in Seoul. The data on children's sleep patterns were collected by parent report. Children's adjustment to daycare was assessed by daycare providers' reports. The data were analyzed by means of Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows: Children from dual-earner families had shorter nocturnal sleep duration than those from single-earner families. There was no significant relation between daytime sleep duration and sleep-onset time at night. It was found that children who go to bed earlier were more likely to get sufficient sleep without nocturnal wakefulness. Age and total sleep duration were seen to be significant variables when it came to discriminating between the adjustment versus maladjustment groups.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) or Sanfilippo disease is an orphan-inherited lysosomal storage disease. It is one of the most common MPS subtypes. The classical presentation is an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by intellectual regression, behavioral and sleep disturbances, loss of ambulation, and early death. Unlike other MPS, no disease-modifying therapy has been approved. Here, we review the curative therapy developed for MPS III, from historically ineffective hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and substrate reduction therapy to the promising enzyme replacement therapy or adeno-associated/lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy. Preclinical studies are presented with recent translational first-in-man trials. We also present experimental research with preclinical mRNA and gene-editing strategies. Lessons from animal studies and clinical trials have highlighted the importance of early therapy before extensive neuronal loss. Disease-modifying therapy for MPS III will likely mandate the development of new early diagnosis strategies.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2021

Ranked in the topmost position among the deadliest diseases in the world, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global burden with alterations in heart and blood vessels. Early diagnostics and prognostics could be the best possible solution in CVD management. OMICS (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) approaches could be able to tackle the challenges against CVDs. Genome-wide association studies along with next-generation sequencing with various computational biology tools could lead a new sight in early detection and possible therapeutics of CVDs. Human cardiac proteins are also characterized by mass spectrophotometry which could open the scope of proteomics approaches in CVD. Besides this, regulation of gene expression by transcriptomics approaches exhibits a new insight while metabolomics is the endpoint on the downstream of multi-omics approaches to confront CVDs from the early onset. Although a lot of challenges needed to overcome in CVD management, OMICS approaches are certainly a new prospect.