• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2529-2532
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• 2014

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among females and also the most preventable. In the literature there is abundant evidence that awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention is low in the developing countries. Medical students are the future health professionals and can play an important role in increasing awareness among the general population. To assess the knowledge regarding symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical carcinoma among medical students in th Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the present study was planned. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire with students at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA, from December 2012 to May 2013. Results: The responses of 188 students (males 111, females 77) in their second, third, fourth, and fifth years were recorded and used in the data analysis. The majority of the students were not aware of the early warning signs, symptoms and risk factors. On average, only 43.7% males and 56% of females were aware about the early signs and symptoms whereas 51.4% males and 57.8% females had knowledge about the risk factors of cervical cancers. Some 55% males and 46.8% females were unable to select the correct answer regarding human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as the cause of cervical cancer. Majority of the students (67%) were not aware about the availability of vaccine against HPV. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge regarding early signs and symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer was observed in the present study.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

The exponential increase of malicious and criminal activities in cyber space is posing serious threat which could destabilize the foundation of modern information society. In particular, unexpected network paralysis or break-down created by the spread of malicious traffic could cause confusion and disorder in a nationwide scale, and unless effective countermeasures against such unexpected attacks are formulated in time, this could develop into a catastrophic condition. In order to solve a same problem, this paper researched early detection techniques for only early warning of cyber threats with separate way the detection due to and existing security equipment from the large network. It researched the cyber example alert system which applies the module of based honeynet from the actual large network and this technique against the malignant traffic how many probably it will be able to dispose effectively from large network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.684-689
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• 2017

We examined the possibility of developing an early monitoring system using the shell valve movement activity of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) for early detection of low salinity water in coastal areas. At salinity levels of 30 psu and 20 psu, SVMs were detected $7.32{\pm}3.21times/hr$ and $7.11{\pm}3.90times/hr$, respectively, The patterns and times of SVMs were not significantly different between the two experiment phases. However, at 10 psu and 5 psu, shell valves were observed to be permanently closed in all experiments. Under combined condition (Group 1: temperature $15^{\circ}C$ ${\times}$ salinity 15 psu), SVMs were observed from 20 psu to 30 psu over a 2 - 3 hr period, and then remained closed. In Group 2 (temperature $30^{\circ}C$ ${\times}$ salinity 15 psu), SVMs were observed, which indicated that the physiological condition of the oysters reached a critical point. Thus, it may be possible to utilize SVMs as an early warning signal for low salinity water.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2017

The dynamic performance of railway bridges under high-speed trains draws the attention of bridge engineers. The vibration issue for long-span bridges under high-speed trains is still not well understood due to lack of validations through structural health monitoring (SHM) data. This paper investigates the correlation between bridge acceleration and train speed based on structural dynamics theory and SHM system from three foci. Firstly, the calculated formula of acceleration response under a series of moving load is deduced for the situation that train length is near the length of the bridge span, the correlation between train speed and acceleration amplitude is analyzed. Secondly, the correlation scatterplots of the speed-acceleration is presented and discussed based on the transverse and vertical acceleration response data of Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge SHM system. Thirdly, the warning indexes of the bridge performance for correlation scatterplots of speed-acceleration are established. The main conclusions are: (1) The resonance between trains and the bridge is unlikely to happen for long-span bridge, but a multimodal correlation curve between train speed and acceleration amplitude exists after the resonance speed; (2) Based on SHM data, multimodal correlation scatterplots of speed-acceleration exist and they have similar trends with the calculated formula; (3) An envelope line of polylines can be used as early warning indicators of the changes of bridge performance due to the changes of slope of envelope line and peak speed of amplitude. This work also gives several suggestions which lay a foundation for the better design, maintenance and long-term monitoring of a long-span high-speed bridge.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.186-198
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• 2012

Since Duncan(1956) first proposed an economic design of $\bar{X}$-control charts, most of the succeeding works on economic design of control charts assumed the exponential failure model like Duncan. Hu(1984), however, assumed a more versatile Weibull failure model to develop an economic design of $\bar{X}$-control charts and Banerjee and Rahim(1988) further improved Hu's design by changing the assumption of fixed-length sampling intervals to variable-length ones. In this article we follow the approach of Banerjee and Rahim(1988) but include a pair of warning limits inside the control limits in order to search for a failure without stopping the process when the sample mean falls between warning and control limits. The computational results indicate that the proposed model gives a lower cost than Banerjee and Rahim's model unless the early failure probability of a Weibull distribution is relatively large. The reduction in cost is shown to become larger as the cost of production loss outweighs the cost of searches for a failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.557-565
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• 2001

Variations in the number of early health effects resulting from the severe accidents of the YGN 3&4 nuclear power plants were examined for different combinations of release parameters and meteorological data . The release parameters and meteorological data were selected in combination to define a limited number of basic spectra characterized by release height, heat content, release time, warning time, wind speed, rainfall rate, and atmospheric stability class. Variant seasonal spectra were also defined in order to estimate the potential significance of seasonal variations as a factor determining the incidence or number of early health effects. The results show that there are large differences in consequences from spectrum to spectrum, although an equal amount and mix of radioactive material is released to the atmosphere in each case. Also, there are large differences in the estimated number of health effects from season to season due to distinct seasonal variations in meteorological combinations in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to consider seasonal characteristics in developing optimum emergency response strategies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2024

Changes in elimination behavior, including urination and defecation, are common clinical signs of numerous disorders in cats. Therefore, this study attempted to automatically measure the elimination behavior of cats using the litter box and develop an early warning system for the guardian in case of abnormalities. To construct an early warning system for abnormal changes through cat elimination behavior, it consisted of a litter box, an automatic sensor for data collection and data wifi transmission, a server for data analysis, and a mobile phone app for result transmission and early warning. To establish the reference interval (RI), the elimination behavior was monitored for more than 2 weeks using a motion sensor within a litter box in 37 healthy cats and 19 diseased cats. The data were expressed as daily total visits, daily total stay duration, average stay duration per elimination, weekly total visits, and weekly total stay duration. Healthy cats showed median daily total visits of 3 times/day (RI 1.0-7.0) and daily total stay duration of 192 s/day (RI 8.0-452.0). For weekly data, the median total visits were 20 times/week (RI 3.0-35.25) and the median total stay duration was 1,147 s/week (RI 80.0-2,249.5). The average stay duration per elimination was 59 s/elimination (RI 4.67-132.0). Diseased cats showed more frequent elimination behavior than healthy cats (p < 0.001). Otherwise, for each elimination, diseased cats had shorter stay durations than healthy cats (p < 0.001). This study established the RIs of elimination behavior parameters (frequency and duration) in healthy cats. The present study might help guardians and veterinarians detect changes in elimination behaviors in diseased cats at an early stage.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Construction projects have frequently exceeded their schedule despite reliable estimates at the start of a project. This problem was attributed to unpredictable causes at the beginning and to shortage of proper tools to accurately predict project completion date. To supplement this difficulty, project managers need a comprehensive system that can be employed to monitor the progress of an ongoing project and to evaluate potential delay for achieving the goal on time. This paper proposed a progressive-based expert system for quantitative assessments of project delay at the early stages of the execution. Furthermore, the system is used to inspect the change of the uncertainty on completion date and its magnitude. The proposed expert system is helpful for furnishing project managers a warning signal as a project is going behind schedule and for tracking the changed uncertainty at a desired confidence level. The main objectives of this paper are to offer a new system to overcome the difficulties of conventional forecasting tools and to apply a construction project into the system to illustrate its effectiveness. This paper focuses on construction phase of project development and is intended for the use by project managers.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.228-239
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• 2009

The observations on climate change show a clear increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface and the oceans, a reduction in the land snow cover, and melting of the sea ice and glaciers. The effects of climate change are likely to include more variable weather, heat waves, increased mean temperature, rains, flooding and droughts. The threat of climate change and global warming on human and animal health is now recognized as a global issue. This presentation is described an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming are likely to change the temporal and geographical distribution of infectious diseases, including those that are vector-borne such as West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, bluetongue, malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, and other diarrheal diseases. The distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases may be the most significant effect of climate change. The impact of climate change on the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases has been confirmed by a majority of countries. Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potential serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Coordinated international responses are therefore essential across veterinary and human health sectors, regions and countries to control and prevent emerging zoonoses. A new early warning and alert systems is developing and introducing for enhancing surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases. And international networks that include public health, research, medical and veterinary laboratories working with zoonotic pathogens should be established and strengthened. Facing this challenging future, the long-term strategies for zoonotic diseases that may be affected by climate change is need for better prevention and control measures in susceptible livestock, wildlife and vectors in Korea. In conclusion, strengthening global, regional and national early warning systems is extremely important, as are coordinated research programmes and subsequent prevention and control measures, and need for the global surveillance network essential for early detection of zoonotic diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.979-984
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• 2015

Breast cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally but has an even more significant impact in developing countries. Pakistan has the highest prevalence among Asian countries. A general lack of public awareness regarding the disease often results in late diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. The literacy rate of the Southern Punjab (Pakistan) is low compared to its Northern part. It is therefore vital that university students and especially medical students develop a sound knowledge about the disease so that they can spread awareness to others who may be less educated. This study therefore considers current knowledge and understanding about the early signs of breast cancer amongst a study group of medical and non-medical university students of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the university students was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire to assess their awareness of breast cancer from March to May 2014. A total of 566 students participated in this study, out of which 326 were non-medical and 240 were from a medical discipline. Statistical analysis was carried out using Graph Pad Prism Version 5 with a significance level set at p<0.05. The mean age of the non medical and medical participants was 23 (SD 2.1) and 22 (SD 1.3) years, respectively. Less than 35% students were aware of the early warning signs of the breast cancer development. Knowledge of medical students about risk factors was significantly better than the non medical ones, but on the whole was insufficient. Our study indicated that knowledge regarding breast cancer was generally insufficient amongst the majority of the university students (75% non-medical and 55% medical) of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. This study highlights the need to formulate an awareness campaign and to organize conferences to promote breast cancer awareness among students in this region.