• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.463-468
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• 2011

This study investigated the changes of plasminogen activators (PAs) activity, expression and localization of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) during the estrous cycle in pigs. Estrous cycle was sorted into three group by pre-ovulation (Pre-Ov), post-ovulation (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal stages (Early to mid-L). Analysis for immunohistochemistry was confirmed by location of tPA and uPA. Porcine uterus tissue was cut into $1{\times}1$ cm squares, and were incubated in DMEM/F-12 medium for 1 h at $38^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ for measurement of PA activity. Western blotting was implemented for measurement of PA quantity. In results, the blood vessels and secretory glands were increased in Post-Ov stage than Pre-Ov and Early to mid-L stages. The tPA and uPA was located mainly within lumen of blood vessels and secretory glands. The PA activity in Post-Ov ($0.99{\pm}0.03$) stage were significantly (p<0.01) higher than Pre-Ov stage ($0.51{\pm}0.03$) and Early to mid-L stage ($0.21{\pm}0.04$). Expression of PAs were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Early to mid-L stage than other stages. These results indicate that PAs activity and expression may change in uterus tissue during the estrous cycle in pigs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

This study examines the performance of the successful small and medium size firms in their early stage. No sign of widespread chasm or the death valley among the sample firm is identified. More than half the sample firms had made reasonable forecast on the uncertainty of their future business before they were incorporated. Overall results of empirical studies carried out in this article allow us to assert that the difficulties experienced in the early stage are mostly manageable within the organization. This implies that the Government support for start-ups in early stage should be discouraged. Empirical investigation across different periods reveals, however, that the Government may have significant roles to play when it comes down to controlling the macroeconomic shocks.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.2 s.18
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

This study identifies various risk factors associated with activities of early construction stage, then establishes the Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS) by classifying the risks into the three groups; Common risks, risks for Earth works, and risks for Foundation works. The Common risks are identified and classified by considering various aspects of the early construction stage such as financial, political, constructional aspects, etc. The risks for Earth works and Foundation works are identified in detail by surveying technical specifications, relevant claim cases and interviewing with experts. These risks are classified based on the Wok Breakdown Structure(WBS) of the early construction stage. The WBS presented in this study classifies the works of early construction stage into four categories; excavation, sheeting works, foundation works, footing works. This study suggests a risk analysis method using fuzzy theory for construction projects. Construction risks are generally evaluated as vague linguistic value by subjective decision making. Fuzzy theory is a proper method to quantify vague conditions of construction activities. Therefore, this study utilizes fuzzy theory to analyse construction risks. The weight of risks is estimated by reflecting the interrelationship among risk factors from absolute weights obtained by fuzzy measure into the relative weights by Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). The interrelationship is estimated by Sugeno-fuzzy measure.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

The effect of aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of super duplex stainless steel with W was investigated. The phase was precipitated mainly at the early stage of aging and a lower aging temperature under $750^{\circ}C$, but the phase was formed after long-term aging treatment between $600^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$. The volume fraction of the phase increased with aging temperature up to $750^{\circ}C$ and then decreased up to $900^{\circ}C$. With an increase in the aging time, the volume fraction phase at the early stage of aging increased slightly, and then increased rapidly beyond a certain time. The rapid increase in the tensile strength and hardness and decrease in the elongation and impact toughness were measured with aging temperatures up to $750^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the tensile strength and hardness decreased slightly, and the elongation and Charpy impact toughness were unchanged with aging temperatures over $750^{\circ}C$. The tensile strength and hardness increased rapidly at the early stage of aging, and then increased slowly beyond a certain time. The elongation and Charpy impact toughness decreased rapidly at the early stage of aging, and then remained unchanged beyond a certain time. The phase that formed at the early stage of aging and the lower aging temperature had a considerable effect on the elongation and Charpy impact toughness of the super duplex stainless steel with W.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1020-1028
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting clinical competence on early stage nurse working in a general hospital. Data were collected by questionnaires on early stage nurses from september 11 to september 30, 2020. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis, using SPSS WIN program. The degree of dysmenorrhea was 2.77 points, clinical competence was 3.44 points. Dysmenorrhea was negative correlated with clinical competence(r=-.226, p=.002). Response of autonomic nervous system was identified as factors influencing clinical competence(𝛽=-.261, p= .001). The model explained 22.1% of the variables. These results suggest that we need intervention education program for response of autonomic nervous system in order to improve the clinical competence of early stage nurses.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify changes in patients' transport time and chief complaints visiting the emergency room via emergency medical services from the "pre-COVID-19 period" compared to the "COVID-19 early-stage period". Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the emergency medical services reports at two time periods defined by the COVID-19 virus outbreak in Korea. The study was conducted in Busan, the Republic of Korea, from January 19 through May 6, 2019. Results: The transfer time of patients transported during the "COVID-19 early-stage period" was significantly delayed compared to the "pre-COVID-19 period" (p<.05). We found a significant increase in transport time for patients complaining of respiratory infections compared to patients without symptoms (p<.05). During the "COVID-19 early-stage period", there was a significant increase in the number of patients with respiratory infections and patients complaining of general symptoms compared to the "COVID-19early-stage period" (p<.05). Conclusion: The spread of the COVID-19 virus infection delayed patient transport and increased the number of patients reporting respiratory infection symptoms. Emergency medical services will need administrative and economic support to transport the increased number of patients requiring services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

The effects of the movable reflectors on the stage acoustics in Seoul's Sejong Performing Arts Center (3,048-seat multi-purpose hall, stage area of $270m^2$ within an orchestra shell) and Ceramic Palace Hall (440-seat concert hall, stage area of $105m^2$) were investigated. Acoustical parameters were evaluated by measuring stage and audience acoustics in the two halls. The study was primarily based on the stage support parameter STI proposed by Gade (Acustica 65, pp.193-203, 1989). Results showed that STI varied on the stage of the large hall according to the position of the reflectors, whereas STI did not vary in the small hall. In the large hall, a smaller clear stage area (bounded by the reflectors) yields an increase in both STI and other early energy measures. In the small hall, early energy decreases when its stage's surface diffusion was covered with specular reflectors.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

Objective: Evaluation of embryos using early cleavage to 2-cell stage has been proposed, but a critical time-point for selecting embryos is unclear. The aim of the present study is to provide a guideline including critical time-point in the selection of early cleaving embryo for the reduction of multiple pregnancies as well as the increase of pregnancy rate in human IVF. Methods: This prospective study was performed in 116 cycles from 85 patients who underwent conventional IVF or ICSI at the infertility clinic of Good Moonhwa Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. Early cleavage (EC) of embryos to 2-cell stage was assessed at 25 h and 27 h postinsemination/microinjection. Embryos that had early cleaved at each time point were designated as EC-1 and EC-2, respectively, while others were designated as non-early cleavage (NEC). Results: At least one early cleavage embryo was observed in 54 (46.6%) for the EC-1 and 84 (72.4%) for the EC-2 of the 116 cycles assessed. Clinical pregnancy rates (PR) were significantly higher in the EC-1 group (66.7%) compared to the EC-2 group (53.6%) or the NEC group (31.2%) (p<0.05). Significant improvement of the pregnancy rate was found when at least two or more embryos were early cleaved at 25 h postinsemination or when the proportion of early cleavage embryo at 25 h postinsemination was higher than 20% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The critical time-point for the selection of early cleavage embryos with high implantation potential is more effective in 25 h postinsemination/microinjection compared to 27 h. The proportion as well as number of early cleavage embryos is also an important factor for the prediction of pregnancy outcome and the chance of multiple pregnancies. These results demonstrated that the evaluation of early cleavage embryos to 2-cell stage is an easy, simple, and objective method for the selection of good quality embryos suitable for embryo transfer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3315-3318
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• 2013

Gall bladder carcinoma is the most common cancer of biliary tree, characterized by rapid progression and a very high mortality rate. Detection at an early stage, however, is indicative of a very good prognosis and prolonged survival. The practice of histopathological examination of gall bladder specimens removed for clinically benign conditions and its usefulness has been a subject of controversy. The present prospective study was carried out over a period of four years in order to find out the incidence of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma in cholecystectomy specimens received in our histopathology laboratory and to analyze their clinico-pathological features. A total of 4,115 cases were examined. Incidentally detected cases comprised 0.44%, which accounted for 72% of all gall bladder carcinomas detected. The majority were in an early, surgically resectable stage. From the results of this study we recommend that in India and other countries with relatively high incidences of gall bladder carcinoma, all cholecystectomy specimens should be submitted to histopathology laboratory, as this is the only means by which malignancies can be detected at an early, potentially curable stage.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1135-1155
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• 2023

Management of the workforce in the early career stage who enter information security work after graduating from college or university so that they can continue to develop their information security careers without leaving the organization can be a solution to the problem of absolute shortage of staffing and lack of skills. This is because the workforce can improve their job skills, and organizations can build a stable, cost-effective human resource management system. This paper constructed and verified a turnover intention research model focusing on the factors that affect the turnover intention of early-stage workforce who took their first steps in society as an information security workforce after graduating from university or college; it confirmed that self-realization is a crucial factor. Furthermore, with in-depth interviews, the career path information of skilled workers, which is essential information necessary for self-realization, was analyzed, and the direction of HRM for self-realization of the workforce in the early career stage was presented.