• 제목/요약/키워드: Early Stage

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산욕 초기 어머니의 스트레스, 불안 및 신생아 지각 간의 관계 (A Correlation Study of Maternal Stress, Anxiety, and Perception of the Newborn in the Early Postpartum Stage)

  • 구현영;문영임
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.616-624
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to contribute to maternal nursing in early postpartum stage and to neonatal nursing. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include parental role stress scale, state-trait anxiety scale, and perception of the newborn scale. The subjects consisted of 100 mothers in the early postpartum stage at three hospitals in the Kyoung-In area, from November 8 to December 26, 1997. The data were analyzed by an SPSS program. The results are as follows ; 1. The mean of parental role stress of mothers in the early postpartum stage was 10.70$\pm$2.63. The means of state anxiety and trait anxiety of mothers were 36.29$\pm$8.45 and 38.53$\pm$8.36. The mean of perception of the newborn was 2.65$\pm$5.05, and 59% of mothers rated their newborn as better than the average newborn. 2. The level of parental role stress correlated to the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety. The level of state anxiety and trait anxiety were also related. The level of perception of the newborn was related to the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety. 3. Mothers who did not want the pregnancy, whose newborns were girls, and who already had one child had higher state anxiety than those who did not. Mothers who already had one child, and whose newborn had no specific signs had higher trait anxiety than those who did not. Mothers who professed a religions had a higher perception of the newborn than those who did not. The above findings indicate that the levels of parental role stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety and perception of the newborn of mothers in early postpartum stage were correlated. Therefore nursing intervention for reducing stress and anxiety, and improving perception of the newborn should be provided for mothers in early postpartum stage.

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칼슐설포알루미네이트를 사용한 모르타르의 초기강도 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Early-Age Strength of Mortar Using Calcium Sulfo Aluminate)

  • 송태협;이세현;서치호
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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    • pp.397-400
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    • 2005
  • This study is a result that, in order to improve the early stage strength of fly ash, the calciumsulfoaluminate in which the generation of ettringite was very active in the early stage was substituted by some amount, and then the effect on the early stage was analyzed. when fly ash was substituted by 30$\%$, the strength dropped by maximum 54 $\%$ in the 3rd day of aging, compared to the cement mixture, but when CSA was substituted by 8 $\%$ in the fly ash amount, the strength improved at the 86 percent level of cement, it is suggested as an economical and effective method to improve the early-stage strength that CSA should be mixed by 8$\%$ compared to the fly ash amount used

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쓰기지도 프로그램과 프로그램에서 사용된 그림책 유형의 차이가 유아의 기초쓰기와 창의적 쓰기에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of a Writing Program and the Type of Picture Book Used on the Early Stages of Writing and Creative Writing in Young Children)

  • 조경선;현은자
    • 아동학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.91-115
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a writing program and the type of picture book used on the early stages of writing and creative writing in young children. The different stages of writing amongst young children was divided into an early stage of writing for pre-schoolers and creative writing for spontaneous expression and problem solving. The subjects comprised 36 children aged 5 from a child daycare center in Seoul. Among the KISE-BAAT and Creative tests, the writing test and creative writing test were used. The early stage of writing and creative writing were both analyzed by means of both ANCOVA and T-test. Firstly, in the subscale of the early stage of writing(ability to mark, use vocabulary, create sentences and text construction), the early stage writing of the experiment group scored higher than that of the comparison group. Secondly, in terms of the type of picture books, the group using informational picture books had greater effects on the early stage of writing than the group using narrative picture books. Thirdly, the writing program itself had a positive effect on creative writing. In the subscale of creative writing (fluency, flexibility, novelty), the group using informational picture books made greater progress in fluency and novelty than the group using narrative picture books.

영덕(盈德) 금(金)-은광상(銀鑛床)에서 산출(産出)되는 금(金)-은광물(銀鑛物)과 광상(鑛床)의 생성환경(生成環境) (Au-Ag Minerals and Genetic Environments from the Yeongdeog Gold-Silver Deposits, Korea)

  • 이현구;유봉철;김상중
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.541-551
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    • 1995
  • The Yeongdeog gold-silver deposits at Jipum, Gyeongsangbugdo, is of a middle Paleogene $(45.52{\pm}1.02Ma)$ vein type, and is hosted in shale and sandstone of Cretaceous age. Based on mineral paragenesis, vein structure and mineral assemblages, the ore mineralization can be divided into two distinct depositional stages. The early stage is associated with base-metals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite (27.99~30.99 at%), hematite, rutile, pyrrhotite, sphalerite (10.53~18.42 FeS mole%), chalcopyrite and galena with wallrock alteration such as chlorite, sericite and pyrite. The late stage is characterized by the Au-Ag mineralization such as electrum, Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, freibergite, pyrargyrite, unidentified mineral, pyrite, sphalerite (1.08~5.57 FeS mole%), chalcopyrite and galena. Fluid inclusion data indicate that fluid temperatures and salinities range from 343 to $227^{\circ}C$ and from 8.3 to 5.7 wt% eq. NaCl in early stage, respectively. Temperatures and salinities of NaCl eq. wt% range from 299 to $225^{\circ}C$ and from 12.9 to 4.3 in late stage, respectively. They suggest that complex cooling histories were occured by the mixing of the fluids. Sulfur fugacity $(-logfs_2)$ deduced by mineral assemblages and composition ranges from 8.3 to 14.7 atm. in early stage, and from 8.8 to 14.5 atm. in late stage. It suggests that the mineralization was related to decrease of temperature in early stage and fluctuations of $fS_2$ with decrease of temperature in late stage. Sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions are 4.48~5.60‰ and 9.25~10.8% in early stage, and late stage is 4.84~7.00‰ and 5.7‰, respectively. It indicated that hydrothermal fluids may be magmatic origin with some degree of mixing of another water during paragenetic time.

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경남(慶南) 함안(咸安)-군북지역(郡北地域)의 동광화작용(銅鑛化作用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Copper Mineralization at Haman-Gunbuk Mining District, Kyeongnam Area)

  • 박희인;최석원;장호완;채동현
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.107-124
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    • 1985
  • More than fifty copper veins are emplaced around late Cretaceous granitoid stock in Haman-Gunbuk district, southernmost part of Korea. These veins cut both late Cretaceous granitoids and hornfels of Jindong formation which is intruded by the granitoids. The paragenesis of veins is nearly the same, consisting of (1) an early vein stage in which most iron oxide minerals, tourmaline and other silitcate minerals were deposited, (2) a calcite and quartz with base·metal sulfide stage and (3) late vein lets of barren calcite stage. Fluid inclusion studies reveal highly systematic trends of salinity and temperature during mineralization. Ore fluids of early vein stage were complex NaCl-KCl rich brines. Salinities of polyphase inclusions in quartz and scapolite in thie stage reached up to 72 wt.% and gradually decreased to 10.5wt. % in closing stage. Homogenization temperatures of inclusions in the beginning of this stage were up to $490^{\circ}C$ and then declined steadly to $290^{\circ}C$ in the late stage. Salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite of base·metal sulfide stage were 37.4~5.7wt. % and homogenization temperatures range from $373^{\circ}C$ to $170^{\circ}C$. Intermittent boiling of early vein fluid is indicated by fluid inclusions in quartz. Potassic alteration of granodiorite adjacent to early vein seems to be related to early saline vein fluid. Fluid inclusion data of base-metal sulfide stage of this area reveal nearly the same range as those of Koseong copper mining district about 30km apart from this area.

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광환경이 잔디(Zoysia japonica)의 물질생산과 생장에 미치는 영향 I.차광율이 Zoysia japonica 생장에 미치는 영향 (Effects on Dry Matter Production and Growth of Zoysia japonica under the Light Environment I . Effect of Shade on Growth in Zoysia japonica)

  • 도봉현
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.95-114
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    • 1991
  • This paper was designed to estimate the interaction of the first productivity, light conditions and to analyze the ecophysiological productivity, growth characteristics grown under various shading conditions in Zoysia japonica . The results summarized this experiment were as follows; 1.After transplanting the grass, increasing rate of leaf number and total leaf length was remarkahly high at the early growth stage in the control and the 30% shading plot. 2.The increasing rate of leaf area ratio (LA R) in all the experimental plot was remarkable high at the early growth stage after transplanting the grass. Especially, the control and 30% shading plot in compared with another plots, were remarkably high at rate of leaf area. 3.The length and the node number of rhizome in the control and 30% shading plot were also high and the difference was significantly large by the growth stage. 4.Chlorophyll content was very high at 36days after transplanting and then decreased. Increasing rate of shade resulted in its low content. The rate of chlorophyll a to b was decreased by in-creasing rate of shade. 5.The content of soluble sugar in the control and 30% shading plot was low at the early growth after transplanting and high at the late growth stage. Its content in the plot of 70% shading was remarkably low throughout the growth stage. 6.The increasing rate of standing plant in all the experimental plots was high at the early growth stage after transplanting. Increasing rate of shade was typically low through all the growth stage.

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덮개 나사 조기 노출이 임플란트의 생존율에 미치는 영향 (Effect of the early exposure of cover screws on the survival rate of implants)

  • 김용건;이재관;장범석;엄흥식
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.879-889
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    • 2006
  • The early exposure of cover screws is a common complication of 2-stage implant technique. The exposure of cover screws between stage I and IT surgery may cause inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding the implants, and lead to peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the early exposure of cover screws on implants placed using 2-stage technique. Two hundred and nineteen implants in 77 patients were examined for cumulative survival rate, radiographic marginal bone level change, cause and frequency of the early exposure. The results were as follows: 1. Twenty-five implants showed early exposure of cover screws with a frequency of 11.4%. 2. Cumulative survival rate of the implants with early cover screw exposure was 88.0%, and that of the implants without cover screw exposure was 96,9%. 3. At the time of stage IT surgery and 1 year after loading, the marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with early exposure of cover screws than around the implants without cover screw exposure(p <0.05), 4, There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the early exposure according to the implant diameter, gender, and smoking(p >0,05).

Treatment outcome in patients with triple negative early stage breast cancers compared with other molecular subtypes

  • Kim, Ja Young;Chang, Sei-Kyung;Park, Heily;Lee, Bo-Mi;Shin, Hyun Soo
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.124-131
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: To determine whether triple negative (TN) early stage breast cancers have poorer survival rates compared with other molecular types. Materials and Methods: Between August 2000 and July 2006, patients diagnosed with stage I, II early stage breast cancers, in whom all three markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER]-2) were available and treated with modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 446 patients, 94 (21.1%) were classified as TN, 57 (12.8%) as HER-2 type, and 295 (66.1%) as luminal. TN was more frequently associated with young patients younger than 35 years old (p = 0.002), higher histologic grade (p < 0.0001), and nuclear (p < 0.0001). The median follow-up period was 78 months (range, 4 to 130 months). There were 9 local relapses (2.0%), 15 nodal (3.4%), 40 distant metastases (9.0%), and 33 deaths (7.4%) for all patients. The rates of 5-year OS, DFS, LFS, and DMFS for all patients were 95.5%, 89.9%, 95.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS, DFS, LFS, and DMFS between triple negative and other subtypes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We found that patients with TN early stage breast cancers had no difference in survival rates compared with other molecular subtypes. Prospective study in homogeneous treatment group will need for a prognosis of TN early stage breast cancer.

Support Vector Machine을 이용한 교육시설 초기 공사비 예측에 관한 연구 (A Study on Predicting Construction Cost of School Building Projects Based on Support Vector Machine Technique at the Early Project Stage)

  • 신재민;박현영;신윤석;김광희
    • 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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    • pp.153-154
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    • 2012
  • The accuracy of cost estimation at an early stage in school building project is one of the critical factors for successful completion. So many method and techniques have developed that can estimate construction cost using limited information available in the early stage. Among the techniques, Support Vector Machine(SVM) has received attention in various field due to its excellent capacity for self-learning and generalization performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of cost prediction model based on SVM in school building project at the early stage. Data used in this study are 139 school building cost constructed from 2004 to 2007 in Gyeonggi-Do. And prediction error rate of 7.48% in support vector machine is obtained. So the results showed applicability of using SVM model for predicting construction cost of school building projects.

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초기 게임개발사 특성을 고려한 가치평가 모형 연구 (A Modified Real Options Valuation Model for Early Stage Start-Ups in the Game Industry)

  • 유창석;부백
    • 한국게임학회 논문지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2013
  • 초기 온라인 게임 개발사의 기업가치는 재무적인 요인보다 비재무적인 요인이 가치에 더 큰 영향을 미치나, 이러한 요소들은 전문가의 경험에 기반하여 간접적으로 모형에 반영되어 초기 기업의 재무의사결정에 효과적으로 반영되지 못하고 있다. 본 모형에서는 가치평가 모형의 특성들을 고려하여 효과적으로 비재무적인 요인들을 고려할 수 있는 기준 가치평가 모형을 제안 하였으며, 여기에 비재무적인 요인들을 반영하는 방법에 대해 정량적으로 반영이 될 수 있는 절차를 제안하였다.