• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.755-768
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• 2014

This study explores the situation of domestic production and import of dyes as well as type of dye supplier and type of dyer in the Joseon Dynasty based on an analysis of relevant documents. The findings are as follows. Many kinds of natural dyes and natural mordant were produced in the Joseon Dynasty. Some were imported from other countries when in short supply or for diplomatic reasons. As the government organization in charge of the dyes supply and demand, the Jeyonggam was cooperated with the Gongin merchants. As private merchants, there existed Hwapijeon merchants and Cheongramgye merchants. Cheongramgye merchants were both the producer and the seller of indigo sediment. There existed two types of dyers, such as government-operated dyers and private dyers. The Yeomjang (master dyers) and Yeommo (female dyers) were subjugated to government departments in the early part of Joseon Dynasty, but gradually allowed to pursue self-profit. The Yeomga was the private dye house that existed in the early period of the Joseon Dynasty. Ladies and female servants were also allowed to dye for family use or to help in livelihoods. Jeonyeomga was a branch specialized in indigo dyeing. Lastly, the Yoemgye were the merchants of dyed paper and textiles as well as dyers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-247
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• 1990

A study was conducted to improve the reproductive performance of Korean native cows. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle in the 15 cows were the lowest (0.30ng/ml) at estrus, gradually increased after 6 days, remained high from 8 to 17 days (3.87~5.59ng/ml) and drastically decreased thereafter to reach minimal concentrations at the next estrus. Plasma progesterone concentrations of the 10 pregnant cows at 20 days after insemination were $5.82{\pm}1.33ng/ml$ (mean${\pm}$SD) and those of 10 non-pregnant cows were $0.30{\pm}0.21ng/ml$, respectively. Therefore, plasma progesterone concentrations in the pregnant cows at 20 days after insemination were significantly higher than in non-pregnant cows (p<0.001).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.249-253
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• 1990

Plasma progesterone concentrations were measured in 24 Korean native cows by a radioimmunoassay at 0, 6 and 20 days after insemination. As a result, 23 cows (95.8%) were judged to be in estrus with ovulation and one cow (4.2%) was judged to be in estrus without ovulation. Plasma progesterone concentrations at 20 days after insemination were $5.11{\pm}1.33$ (mean${\pm}$SD, range 3.20~7.86) ng/ml in pregnant cows and $0.35{\pm}0.10$ (range 0.30~0.50) ng/ml in nonpregnant cows. Of the 20 cows, 18 cows were confirmed the pregnant by rectal palpation at 60 days after insemination. The accuracy of the pregnancy diagnosis based on plasma progesterone concentration was 90 % for positive case and 100% for negative case.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2011

Early blight of potato, caused by Alternaria solani, is a ubiquitous disease in many countries around the world. Our previous screening of several Iranian potato cultivars found that significant variation in resistance phenotypes exists between two cultivars: resistant 'Diamond' and susceptible 'Granula'. Our previous analysis of five different pathogen isolates also identified varying degrees of aggressiveness regardless of the host cultivar. Here, a bioassay was used to study the role of liquid culture exudates produced in vitro on pathogenicity and elicitation of disease symptomology in seedlings as well as detached leaves. Responses of host genotypes to the exudates of the two A. solani isolates were significantly different. Detached leaves of the resistant cultivar 'Diamond' elicited fewer symptoms to each isolate when compared to the susceptible cultivar 'Granula'. Interestingly, the phytotoxicity effect of the culture filtrate from the more aggressive isolate A was higher than from isolate N suggesting an increased concentration or strength of the toxins produced. Our results are significant because they indicate a correlation between symptoms elicited by A. solani phytotoxins and their aggressiveness on the host.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-90
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• 2021

Recent excavations in Qinghai Province, China, have disclosed textiles and artworks from Tuyuhun-Tubo (Tibetan) tombs, dated to the 7^th-9^th centuries, that suggest artistic and cultural exchanges along an external southern branch of the main Silk Road, between Gansu and Sichuan Provinces, across the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau toward the Himalayas. Many similar textiles, possibly from this area, have appeared lately on the art market and ended in private collections. Although these textiles, dated to the early Tibetan period, follow a popular prototype established in Central Asia in the 6^th century, the technical features, colors, and other indigenous elements suggest that they were woven in workshops different from those established between Sogdiana and Gansu. The exhibition "Cultural Exchange Along the Silk Road - Masterpieces of the Tubo Period," organized by the Dunhuang Research Academy and the Pritzker Collaborative Art between July and October 2019 in Dunhuang, Gansu, was a groundbreaking event that gathered scholarly attention on early Tibetan material culture, but a relevant publication is still forthcoming. In my previous work, I briefly discussed a group of silk textiles, possibly from Qinghai or Sichuan, that I analyzed in 2014 in the China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. In light of the recent material excavated, published online, or displayed in Dunhuang, in this article, I reevaluate the data previously collected, and discuss in detail the technical and iconographic features of one of the fragments held in Hangzhou. Eventually, the piece was recognized as the ending part of a large panel, which is now in the Abegg Stiftung in Riggisberg, Switzerland.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.226-244
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• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics industrial cluster and to understand the role of governments for local industrial dynamics. Gumi was a typical satellite platform type new industrial district up to mid-1990s. At that time, Gumi industrial park was the agglomeration of branch plants headquartered in Capital Region with weak local linkages. During the last two decades, however, Gumi has evolved to an electronics industrial cluster with considerable local interfirm linkages and innovation activities of SMEs. Recognizing government industrial policies is critical in understanding the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics cluster. At the early stage, the state was the developer and locator of business activities within the confines of the Gumi industrial park. In recent years, central government's innovative cluster policy contributed to strengthening networks among firms, universities, and research centers to form local innovation networks as well as networks between large branch plants and SMEs. Gumi city and Gyungsangbuk-do promoted innovative activities of SMEs through the supports of cooperative networks between universities and SMEs. The increasing roles of SMEs and local governments in addition to the large branch plants and the central government have become the basis of the evolution of industrial cluster in Gumi.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

Growth characteristics and seed productivities of orchardgrass "Hwabsung 2 Ho" cultivated for seed production were examined in the NLRI from 2000 to 2002. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement with three replications. The main-plots were three drill widths of 15, 30 and 45cm, and subplots were four nitrogen application levels of 45, 90, 135 and 180kg/ha in early spring. Lodging was less in 45cm of drill width than in 15 and 30cm and was not severe by 90kg per ha of nitrogen including 45cm of drill width. Number of panicles per $1\m^2$ was tended to be more in 15cm of drill width than in 30 or 45cm. Among 45cm of drill widths. 45kg per ha of nitrogen had most numerous panicles. Panicle length, number of 1st branch, weight of 1,000 grain, and germination of 30 or 45cm of drill width showed better characters than that of 15cm. Seed yield was not statistical different among the treatments but was some more in 30cm of drill width, and was tended not to be different among nitrogen levels. Therefore, considering lodging tolerances, seed yield components, and mechanizations, treatment with 45cm of drill width including 45kg per ha of nitrogen in early spring was better than other treatments for orchardgrass seed production.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.478-484
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• 2008

To elucidate the spawning behavior and early life history of Liobagrus mediadiposalis, mature male and female fish were collected from a branch of the Seomjin River. Spawning was induced by injecting hormones, and then the spawning process and development of fertilized eggs, larvae, and juveniles were observed. Observations of spawning behavior showed that the female established a territory and built a spawning nest, and frequently pressed on the upper ventral part of the male to release her eggs. When spawning was finished, the fish supplied fresh water to the egg mass using their pectoral and caudal fins. Hatching began 189 h 20 min after fertilization at $21.5-23.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $22.7^{\circ}C$). The mean total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 7.18-7.39 mm (mean 7.31 mm). Their mouth and anus were already open and they had 14+24=38 myotomes. Eighteen days after hatching, the larvae were 12.71-13.79 mm (mean 13.27 mm) in TL and the yolk sac was absorbed completely. At 35 days after hatching, when all the fin-rays had formed, the juveniles were 15.84-17.92 mm (mean 16.33 mm) in TL.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of gamma-radiation on the rooting, growth, and color mutation in poinsettia. Using 10 poinsettia varieties ('Lollipop', 'Little Peace', 'Happy Day', 'Early Bird', 'Pixy Red', 'Happy Time', 'Heidi', 'Red Bell', 'Clara', and 'Scarlet') bred by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, 100 Gy of gamma ray was irradiated at the stage of callused cuttings. Four weeks after sticking cuttings in the rooting media, 8 cultivars showed 100% of root formation, but 'Early Bird' rooted 24.4% and even died off during the cutting propagation. After planting rooted cuttings, survival rate until flowering time varied among irradiated cultivars. While 'Pixy Red' and 'Heidi' survived about 98%, 'Clara', 'Happy Day', and 'Early Bird' survived lesser than 30%. All irradiated plants showed remarkably shorter plant height, lesser branch numbers than non-irradiated control plants. Thirty color mutants were obtained among 281 plants survived until flowering time. Nine mutants were complete color mutated branches, whereas 21 mutants were partially color mutated bracts and transitional leaves. Color patterns mutated by 100 Gy of gamma ray were divided into pink, hot pink, light red and spotted (pink spots with red main color). Pink mutants were commonly obtained. Complete color mutants were discovered from 4 plants of 'Pixy Red', 2 plants of 'Red Bell' and 3 plants of Lollipop.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2019

Purpose: Although standard radical gastrectomy is recommended after noncurative resection of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer in most cases, residual tumor and lymph node metastasis have not been identified after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of sentinel node navigation surgery after noncurative ESD. Materials and Methods: This trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter prospective phase II trial. Patients who underwent ESD for clinical stage T1N0M0 gastric cancer with noncurative resections were eligible. Qualified investigators who completed the prior phase III trial (SENORITA 1) are exclusively allowed to participate. In this study, 2 detection methods will be used: 1) intraoperative endoscopic submucosal injection of dual tracer, including radioisotope and indocyanine green (ICG) with sentinel basins detected using gamma-probe; 2) endoscopic injection of ICG, with sentinel basins detected using a fluorescence imaging system. Standard laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy will be performed. Sample size is calculated based on the inferior confidence interval of the detection rate of 95%, and the calculated accrual is 237 patients. The primary endpoint is detection rate, and the secondary endpoints are sensitivity and postoperative complications. Conclusions: This study is expected to clarify the feasibility of laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection after noncurative ESD. If the feasibility is demonstrated, a multicenter phase III trial will be initiated to compare laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery versus laparoscopic standard gastrectomy in early gastric cancer after endoscopic resection.