• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.145.3-146
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• 2003

Transgenic Eleutherococcus senticosus plants were prepared by introducing the genes for squalene synthase (SQS), hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) and green fluorescent Protein (GFP) through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The enzyme, SQS, represents a putative branch point in the isoprenoid pathway capable of diverting carbon flow specifically to the biosynthesis of phytosterol and oleanolic acid. The full SQS gene was isolated from P. ginseng roots. Early globular embryo clusters developed from embryogenic callus were used as the explant source. (omitted)

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2022

Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-known brainstem reflex that manifests as hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmia, and asystole when stimulation is applied to a branch of the trigeminal nerve. Most commonly associated with ophthalmic, orbital, and neurologic surgeries, mandibular division and oral cavity variants occur far less frequently. Here, we describe a case of asystolic TCR elicited by lingual nerve stimulation. This case highlights the role of specific anesthetic medications in modulating this phenomenon and reinforces the need for early recognition and clear communication in case of its occurrence. Anesthesia providers must consider discontinuing or avoiding certain medications when clinically appropriate, even during low TCR-risk procedures.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2023

Background: Since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians have been the unsung heroes of the pandemic. However, many are about to give up the battlefield. This study investigated the effect of occupational moral injury on physicians' career abandonment intention, taking into account the possible mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Methods: Cross-sectional data collected from 201 physicians were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS to determine the relationship among physicians' moral injuries, emotional exhaustion, and career abandonment intention. Results: The results indicated that occupational moral injury was positively related to emotional exhaustion and career abandonment intention. In addition, emotional exhaustion was found to play a mediating role in the relationship. Conclusion: To reduce physicians' intention to leave their career, physicians should be prepared for moral injury and psychological issues by offering psychological support and meeting their needs early at both the individual and organizational levels during and after the pandemic.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2002

Symbiotic bacteria with highly effective insecticidal activities were isolated and compared with their physiological characteristics from seven species of entomopathogenic nematodes belong to Steinernamatidae and Heterorhabditidae sp., and three of them were identified as Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Culture characteristics, insecticidal activities, pretense activities and fatty acid contents of various symbiotic bactierial isolates were also examined. In the case of cell growth and insecticidal activity, XR-PC and XR-MK were superior to other species when cultured in vitro. The insecticidal activity were highest at the early exponential growth phase, and gradually decreased with time. The protease activity of XR-DR was remarkable compared to other species. In the case of HE-HY, however the pretense activity increased in parallel with cell growth. Interestingly, the fatty acid patterns of Xenorhabdus nematophilus isolated from different emtomopathogenic nematode, showed remarkable differences in their contents of 12:0, 14:0, 16:1 cia 5 and 17:0 cyclo and hydroxy and branch factty acids were varied from 2% to 15% among total fatty acid contents.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1974

Studies on the harvest methods for the branch-rearing in autumn are as follows. (1) It turned out to be the best method in the early autumn to thin one to two of the normal branches or the dwarf ones, or pick off some of leaves for the yields, according to the rearing scale. (2) For the rearing of the silkworm larvae at 4th instar, it is recommendable to apply one of the following harvest methods, such as the thinning of dwarf branches, the thinning of some branches, intermediate cutting, and the pick-of of the leaves at low part of mulberry in the regards io the quality of leaves and the labour conditions, and no effects on the harvest. (3) For the rearing of the larvae at 5th instar, it is most practical to adapt one of the yield methods which can produce good harvest with less labours. That is, the pruning. of the middle branches should be gradually made from a part of the mulberry fold. (4) When it is carried out to pick of the leaves on the branches which was left after the middle-pruning harvest in autumn or late, easy and less labours' harvest method of rough picking may be applied in the both of the mulberry pruned in summer or autumn.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

The present study describes an investigation on an epidemic of Tuberculosis (TB) which has been occurred among dairy cattle farms in Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do since 2007. The investigation was performed in three ways as follows: 1. Collecting information about bovine TB outbreaks using investigation reports, an on-the-spot and tracing-back investigations; 2. Analyzing the outbreak pattern; 3. Establishing hypothesis and performing statistical analysis on potential risk factors. In the early 2000s, TB outbreaks were sporadically reported in beef cattle, and only a small number ($1{\sim}2$) of reactors was confirmed in each of outbreak farms. The number of TB outbreaks has been suddenly increased from 2007, mainly in dairy cattle farms. And these outbreaks were temporarily clustered during the period, from March 2007 to April 2009 (relative risk, RR = 13.7, p < 0.001). And two spatial clusters of which radiuses were 0.3 km (RR = 6.9, p < 0.001) and 0.9 km (RR = 3.6, p < 0.01). The analysis to find risk factors was performed on 99 dairy farms (21 outbreaks), which are located in the most seriously affected village during 2007-2009. Middleman (odds ratio, OR = 47.4, p < 0.05) and raw milk collecting system (OR = 6.9, p < 0.05) were recognized as with the highest association. Considering the fact that all the outbreak farms except one had their own manure composting tank, it might be that the manure containing pathogen was leaked from tank and transmitted to other farms by fomites such as middleman or raw milk collecting system.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting density, time and frequency of pinching on growth and yield of Lycium chinese Miller cultivated in vinyl house. This experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Cheong-yang Agriculture High School, Cheong-yang, Chung-nam province, in 1997 to 1998. The number of flowers, fruit setting number and dry weight of fruits per branch were increased as the spacings were wider, but the fruit yield per unit area was decreased up to the narrowest spacing plot of $60\;{\times}\;20cm$. The good results of growth status and fruit yield was obtained at the early pinching in May 5. As the more frequent pinching were treated, the more number of flowers and fruits per branch were produced, showing increase of fresh and dry yield, because of much more branches per plot.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2009

BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease) Project for Education Facilities are contracted as a package which consists of several education facilities. The general maintenance period of BTL project for education facilities is 20 years. Thus, total cost variation largely depends on the accuracy of the maintenance cost forecasting in the early stage in the life cycle of the BTL Project. This research develops a cost forecasting system using complete linkage algorithm and branch & bound algorithm to help in finding optimal bundling combination. This system helps owner's decision-making to estimate the total project cost with various constraints changing. The result of this research suggests more reasonable and effective forecasting model for the maintenance facilities package in the BTL project.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6121-6125
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• 2014

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a potential biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) but its level is known to be affected by many background factors and roles of ubiquitous toxicants have not been determined. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous reproductive toxicants used in consumer products, which promote tumor formation in some reproductive model systems by binding to AhR, but human data on its expression in prostate cancer as well as its association with PSA levels are not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of AhR and its association with serological levels of PSA and to detect possible effects of background factors and EDC exposure history on PSA levels in PCa cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the tissue levels of AhR and serum levels of PSA in 53 PCa cases from 2008-2011 and associations between each and background and lifestyle related factors were determined. Results: Although the AhR was overexpressed in PCa and correlated with the age of patients, it did not correlate with PSA levels.Of nutritional factors, increased intake of polysaturated fats and fish in the routine regimen of PCa cases increased the PSA levels significantly. Conclusions: AhR overexpression in PCa pontws to roles of EDCs in PCa but without any direct association with PSA levels. However, PSA levels are affected by exposure to possible toxicants in foods whichneed to be assessed as possible risk factors of PCa in future studies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1999

Prediction of rice developmental stage is necessary for proper crop management and a prerequisite for growth simulation as well. The objectives of the present study were to find out the relationship between the plastochrone index(PI) and the developmental index(DVI) estimated by non-parametric phenology model which simulates the duration from seedling emergence(DVI=0) to heading(DVI=l) by employing daily mean air temperature and daylength as predictor variables, and to confirm the correspondency of developmental indice to panicle developmental stages based on this relationship. Four japonica rice cultivars, Kwanakbyeo, Sangpungbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, and Palgumbyeo which range from very early to very late in maturity, were grown by sowing directly in dry paddy field five times at an interval of two weeks. Data for seedling emergence, leaf appearance, differentiation stage of primary rachis branch and heading were collected. The non-parametric phenology model predicted well the duration from seedling emergence to heading with errors of less than three days in all sowings and cultivars. PI was calculated for every leaf appearance and related to the developmental index estimated for corresponding PI. The stepwise polynomial analysis produced highly significant square-rooted cubic or biquadratic equations depending on cultivars, and highly significant square-rooted biquadratic equation for pooled data across cultivars without any considerable reduction in accuracy compared to that for each cultivar. To confirm the applicability of this equation in predicting the panicle developmental stage, DVI at differentiation stage of primary rachis branch primordium was calculated by substituting PI with 82 corresponding to this stage, and the duration reaching this DVI from seedling emergence was estimated. The estimated duration revealed a good agreement with that observed in all sowings and cultivars. The deviations between the estimated and the observed were not greater than three days, and significant difference in accuracy was not found for predicting this developmental stage between those equations derived for each cultivar and for pooled data across all cultivars tested.