• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2023

APro, developed in KAERI for the process-based total system performance assessment (TSPA) of deep geological disposal systems, performs finite element method (FEM)-based multiphysics analysis. In the FEM-based analysis, the mesh element quality influences the numerical solution accuracy, memory requirement, and computation time. Therefore, an appropriate mesh structure should be constructed before the mesh stability analysis to achieve an accurate and efficient process-based TSPA. A generic reference case of DECOVALEX-2023 Task F, which has been proposed for simulating stationary groundwater flow and time-dependent conservative transport of two tracers, was used in this study for mesh stability analysis. The relative differences in tracer concentration varying mesh structures were determined by comparing with the results for the finest mesh structure. For calculation efficiency, the memory requirements and computation time were compared. Based on the mesh stability analysis, an approach based on adaptive mesh refinement was developed to resolve the error in the early stage of the simulation time-period. It was observed that the relative difference in the tracer concentration significantly decreased with high calculation efficiency.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of early muscle strengthening exercise(starting at 1 week) on pain, function and sleep quality for rotator cuff partial tear patients. Method : Experimental group 15 people, control group 15 people, was a total of 30 people. Group-specific arbitration method, was applied to early muscle strengthening exercise (experimental group) and general movement treatment(Starting at 6 week) (control group). Both groups were subjected to 40 minutes of basic physical therapy interventions four times a week over an six-week intervention period. In this study, Pain, function and sleep quality measured by VAS, PPT and ROM, CMS, SST and PSQI. Result : 1. The VAS and PPT in the experimental group and control group before and after treatment were significant difference(p<.01). Comparison between the two groups in the change in motion before and after treatment also showed a statistically significant(p<.01). 2. Comparison functional Assessment of the shoulder ROM, CMS and SST in the experimental group and control group before and after treatment were significant difference(p<.01). ROM was not significant differences between the groups but CMS and SST were significant differences between the groups. 3. PSQI in the experimental group and control group before and after treatment were significant difference(p<.01). Comparison between the two groups in the change in motion before and after treatment also showed a statistically significant(p<.01). Conclusion : Therefore, early muscle strengthening exercise is useful to improve the shoulder function and pain for rotator cuff tear patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2016

Background: We evaluated early and long-term results after heart transplantation (HTPL). Methods: One hundred five consecutive patients (male:female=80:25) who underwent HTPL between 1994 and 2013 were enrolled. Based on the changes in immunosuppressive regimen, the study patients were divided into two groups. Early and long-term clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared between the patients who underwent HTPL before (group E, n=41) and after July 2009 (group L, n=64). The group L patients were older (p<0.001), had higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.001) and chronic kidney disease (p<0.001), and more frequently needed preoperative mechanical ventilation (p=0.027) and mechanical circulatory support (p=0.014) than the group E patients. Results: Overall operative mortality was 3.8%, and postoperative morbidities included acute kidney injury (n=31), respiratory complications (n=16), reoperation for bleeding (n=15) and wound complications (n=10). There were no significant differences in early results except acute kidney injury between group E and group L patients. Overall survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 83.8%, 67.7%, and 54.9%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two patient groups. Rejection-free rates at 1 and 5 years were 63.0% and 59.7%, respectively; rates were significantly higher in group L than in group E (p<0.001). Conclusion: Despite increased preoperative comorbidities, group L patients showed similar early and long-term outcomes and significantly higher rejection-free rates when compared with group E patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2247-2254
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• 2016

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is rising in Oman, and the disease is diagnosed at late stages, when treatment success is limited. Omani women might benefit from better awareness, so that breast cancer can be detected early and treated. This study was conducted to assess Omani women's levels of breast cancer awareness and early detection practice, and explore factors which might influence these levels. Materials and Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted in 2014, including a quantitative survey of 1,372 and a qualitative assessment of 19 Omani women, aged ${\geq}20years$ from five Omani governorates using convenient sampling. Demographic information and scores for awareness levels were used in a multivariate regression model to investigate factors associated with awareness. Thematic analysis and interpretive description were used to analyse the qualitative data. Results: The overall means for early detection and general awareness scores were 0.58 (SD 0.24) and 0.46 (SD 0.21), respectively. General awareness was significantly associated with age, education, income and familiarity with cancer patients (p<0.05), while early detection was significantly associated with age, marital status and education. A majority of women (59.5%) agreed with a belief in 'evil eye' or envy as a risk factor for breast cancer. Women discussed various factors which may empower or inhibit awareness, including the cultural-religion-fatalistic system, personal-familial-environmental system, and healthcare-political-social system. Conclusions: The overall low scores for awareness and early detection, and the survey of local beliefs highlight a severe necessity for a contextually-tailored breast cancer awareness intervention programme in Oman.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

In our country, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the leading causes of death. It is well known that CHD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors such as diet, level of exercise and cigarette smoking, and inherited factors. According to the statistical data in 2003, the cause of death with the highest mortality was including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis, which accounted for $24.7\%$ of total mortality. In spite of, there have been few study reports on the change of biochemical markers and mechanisms concerned. The development of biochemical markers is required for an early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are related with dietary habits of Korean people enjoying mixtures of traditional dietary style and westernized food-styles. Therefore, the most efficient cost-saving biochemical marker was established in this study, through analysis of biochemical markers related with dietary habits which are susceptibly being changed in association to cardiovascular diseases from the pre-disease phase, and through reanalysis and assessment of early diagnosis of and preventive effects of diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by demographical character including sex, age, and socioeconomic level with use of biochemical markers that are identified and selected among the parameters in consideration of the effectiveness and appropriateness of early diagnosis of diseases. The appropriateness of biochemical markers was reviewed by professionals (medical, pharmaceutical area and food/ nutrition area) and CRP(C-Reactive Protein) and was identified to be possible in Korea. It is thought that these biochemical markers may be used as the basic data for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which may be used for Korean people.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education program for early adolescents. The overall goals of the program were to not only increase knowledge and skirts, but also to improve the awareness of healthy sex in order to promote premarital abstinence, parent-teen communication and parental awareness of the importance of parental roles and responsibilities in prevention of sexual problems of the early adolescent. The program consisted of six sessions: puberty changes during adolescence, the meaning of sexuality, sexual drives in dating relationships, understanding of the risks associated with early sexual involvement and support for postponing sexual activities, managing and avoiding sexually risky situations, the importance of communications with parents about issues related to sexuality. The program evaluation had three steps: pre-test, immediate post-test and two month follow-up post test. The results showed that the program had a significantly positive effect on the improvement of adolescent's knowledge about sex, and attitudes and behaviors toward sex, particularly in the immediate post-test. At the two month follow-up assessment, the effect of the program still remained strong, though there was a sight and partial reduction which was not statistically significant. Most of the program participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Parental involvement appeared to be effective as well. Recommendations for further study include: to re-evaluate the curriculum for various other participants. In addition, further study which would compare post-test results of these participants with a comparison group of peers who did not receive the program would be valuable. The author believes that the program can be used in implementing specific subjects (sessions) in new settings, as well as implementing the entire package of the program.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.356-365
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• 2021

농업기상재해 조기경보 서비스를 전국으로 확대하기 위해서는 각 지역별로 고유한 지리적, 농업환경적 특성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 그리고 그에 적합한 전산 환경을 개발하는 것은 연구 대상 지역의 많은 농가에게 다양한 작물과 품종에 대한 서비스를 가능하게 하는 중요한 요소이다. 특히 확장성 있는 전산 환경의 설계는 서비스 영역이 확대되면서 전산 환경의 규모가 증가하게 되므로 농업 기상 서비스 품질에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 각 지역별로 분산되어 서비스를 제공하고 있는 현재의 전산 구성에 대한 문제를 도출하고 그 해결책을 모색하는 것이다. 약 1년간 실험 운영을 통해 자체 평가한 결과 지역별로 분산된 조기경보서비스 시스템을 통합하면 중복 연산을 줄이고, 데이터의 효율적 저장과 종합적인 관리가 가능할 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 서비스 지역이 전국 규모로 확대되는 상황에서도 보다 안정적인 조기경보 서비스가 가능함을 의미한다. 이 연구를 통해 개별 농가에 대해 보다 향상된 품질의 서비스가 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 초음파 속도법을 콘크리트의 초기동해 피해를 진단하기 위한 방법으로서의 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 모르타르 시험체를 대상으로 각각 동결 깊이에 따른 압축강도와 초음파 펄스 속도를 측정하여 미세구조와 그 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 동결 피해를 입은 모르타르 시험체와 피해를 입지 않은 시험체 간의 압축강도와 초음파 펄스 속도 값의 차이가 확연하게 나타났으며, 미세구조 분석을 통해 동결 깊이가 증가할수록 초기동해 피해를 더 많이 받아 압축강도와 초음파 펄스 속도가 감소하였다고 판단할 수 있었다. 회귀분석을 통해 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 추정식과 실험값과의 관계성을 나타내는 결정계수( R²)가 0.87로 얻어져 초기동해 피해 깊이에 따른 압축강도와 초음파 펄스 속도 사이의 상호 연관성이 존재하는 것으로 분석된다. 이에 따라 초음파 속도법을 통한 콘크리트의 초기동해 피해 진단이 가능하며, 그 피해 깊이를 정량적으로 진단하기 위해서는 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

Most developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization and the associated growth of industry and services. Cities are currently absorbing two-thirds of the total population in the developing world. Korea has about 85 percent of urban dwellers. World population will shift from being predominantly rural to predominantly urban around the turn of the century. Although cities play a key role in development process and make more than a proportionate contribution to national economic growth, especially cities are also the main catalysts of economic growth in developing countries, they can also be unhealthy, inefficient, and inequitable places to live. Most developing countries are increasingly unable to provide basic environmental infrastructure and services, whether in the megacities or in secondary urban centers. Of particular concern is the strain on natural resources brought by the increasing number of people, cars, and factories. They are generating ever greater amounts of urban wastes and emissions. They also exceed the capacity of regulatory authorities to control them and of nature to assimilate them. The environmental consequences are translated into direct negative impacts on human health, the quality of life, the productivity of the city, and the surrounding ecosystems. Environmental degradation threatens the long tenn availability and quality of natural resources critical to economic growth. Cities, with their higher and growing per capita energy use for domestic, industrial, and transport purpose also contribute a disproportionate share of the emission leading to global warming and acid rain. An important priority is to develop strategic approaches for managing the urban environment. The design of appropriate and lasting strategic responses requires first an understanding of the underlying causes of urban environmental deterioration, it is necessary that longer tenn objectives should be set for urban area to avoid irreversible ecological damage and to ensure lasting economic development. As a means to the preventive policies against the adverse effect, environmental impact assessment (EIA) serve to identify a project's possible environmental consequences early enough to allow their being taken into consideration in the decision making process for urban planning. This paper describes some considerations of EIA for urban planning-scoping, assessment process, measurement and prediction of impacts, pollution controls and supervision, and system planning for environmental preservation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2008

An Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) is an archive for samples that can be used to document and assess the quality of the environment in which we live. An ESB program looks at changes in the concentration of human and environmental specimens over long periods of time through retrospective analysis of archived samples of a particular area collected at regular intervals. The idea of ESB was first proposed by German and American scientists in the early 1970s and has been established since 1979 in Germany, USA, and Japan. Korea plans to establish a National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2010. The NESB will be able to assess and improve the quality of analytical measurements as well as to compare the past and current environmental quality as a time capsule. The concept and design for the NESB facility was developed and its Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) are being developed based on an evaluation of ESBs and SOPs of Germany, USA, and Japan. Environmental specimens proposed for banking are based on typical representatives of every level of the food chain from each type of ecosystem that are widely distributed thus enabling comparisons between different sampling areas. Through retrospective analysis of environmental specimens, the NESB will improve the reliability of environmental monitoring, ecological risk assessment, and health impact assessment.