• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-173
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• 2022

Vaccine nationalism and its implications to vaccine supply were a huge concern globally when COVID-19 vaccines first became available in 2021. At the time, vaccine supply was limited and it was difficult for many countries around the world to get adequate supply of the COVID-19 vaccine to inoculate their people. At its most benign, vaccine nationalism delayed the access of poorer countries to vaccines that are widely considered as the long-term solution to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poorer countries needed to resort to diplomacy to wrangle early access to vaccine supply from vaccine-producing countries like the United States, the United Kingdom and others. In particular, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte leveraged his country's Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) with the United States and the need for Filipino nurses by countries like the United Kingdom and Germany to secure early access to COVID-19 vaccines. It all seems trivial now (in 2022) because of better global vaccine supply, but in 2021 when countries scrambled for access to scarce COVID-19 vaccines, Rodrigo Duterte leveraged the Philippines' assets to gain early access to vaccine supply.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.161-187
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• 2022

Purpose This study analyzed the topic of game review contents and how the characteristics of game reviews affect the reviews helpfulness. In addition, this study explore the content of game reviews according to the game's sales strategy such as early access strategy and releasing without early access. Design/methodology/approach We collected a list of 3,572 action genre games released in 2020. 58,336 online reviews were collected by random sampling 50 reviews in each games, and topic modeling was performed on those reviews. We dynamized the results of topic modeling and analyzed the effect on review helpfulness with multiple regression analysis. Findings The results of analysis indicate that the longer the review is or the shorter the time it is written, the more helpful the review is. In addition the topic with positive and negative review has a significant effect on the review helpfulness. As a result of exploratory analysis, games from early access had relatively fewer reviews of story-related topics than games that were released without early access. These findings can present direct guidelines for collecting specific opinions from customers in the game industry when releasing games.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 다양한 무선 접속 기술(Radio Access Technology : RAT)들이 공존하는 클라우드 기지국 시스템에서의 효율적인 무선 접속 방법으로 무선인지기술(Cognitive radio)을 활용한 이른 스펙트럼 감지(Early Spectrum Sensing : ESS) 기법을 제안한다. 다중 모드 단말은 무선 접속 시도에 앞서 다중 무선 접속 시스템의 전체 주파수 대역을 대상으로 스펙트럼 감지를 수행하여 그 결과 스펙트럼 활용도가 가장 낮은, 즉 가용 스펙트럼이 가장 많을 것으로 예상되는 시스템을 선택하여 무선 접속을 시도함으로써 시스템 접속 성공 확률을 높일 수 있다. 제안 기법의 성능 분석을 위해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행 했으며 그 과정에서 최대한 다양한 무선 접속 시스템이 혼재하는 상황을 고려하고자 했다. 우선, 서킷과 패킷 시스템으로 구별한 후, 다시 패킷 시스템을 반송파 결합(Carrier Aggregation : CA) 가능 여부에 따라 다시 구별했으며, 단말기의 경우, 서킷 전용, 패킷 전용, 다중 모드로 구별함과 동시에 CA 능력에 따라서 역시 구별하였다. 또한, 패킷 트래픽의 경우, 실시간 트래픽과 3단계의 패킷 지연 허용 정도를 갖는 비실시간 트래픽으로 구분하였다. 이러한 다양한 무선 접속 환경이 고려된 클라우드 기지국 시스템에서 호 발생에서 호의 서비스 품질(Quality of Service : QoS)이 고려된 자원 할당까지의 일련의 과정을 시뮬레이션에 반영하여 시스템 접속 실패 확률, 평균 시스템 접속 시간, 시스템 균형 인수, 패킷 손실 확률 측면에서 제안 방식의 성능을 분석하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.451-461
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• 1993

Four hundred and eighty broiler chicks of both sexes were obtained from commercial hatchery (Hubbard) and raised on floor pens. All chicks were allowed free access to food from 0 to 7 and 20 to 56 days of age. At 7 days of age, all broilers were weighed individually, and divided into five groups as follows: 1. feed ad libitum as the control; 2. allowed free access to food 3 days and starved 1 day ($3{\times}1$); 3. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 1 day ($2{\times}1$); 4. allowed free access to food 1 day and starved 1 days ($1{\times}1$) and; 5. allowed free access to food 2 days and starved 2 days ($2{\times}2$). Broilers were restricted for 12 days (d 7 through 17) of a 56-day trial. Broilers were fed a commercial starter diet (crude protein 23.8% and ME 3,070 kcal/kg) for 21 days, and commercial finisher diet (crude protein 20% and ME 3,160 kcal/kg) from 22 to 56 days of age. Although there was compensatory growth in some groups, (the $1{\times}1$ female group, and the $3{\times}1$ and $2{\times}1$ male grous), its level was not sufficient to achieve normal body weight at market age. There was sexual dimorphism for accelerated growth as well as differences in the ability to achieve a complete compensation of growth to the weight, feed conversion ratio, and body composition of ad libitum chicks. Early feed restriction could be used to reduce production cost because of the lower fed conversion ratio, mortality rate and the amount of starter diet consumed by broilers. The response of chicks to early feed restriction might depend on the degree of feed restriction, the method of feed restriction, duration of feed restriction, and sexes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2018

Background: Pinch-off syndrome (POS) is a rare complication after totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) implantation. In cancer patients, it is important to prevent this rare complication and to recognize it early if it does occur. We present a case series of POS after TIVAD implantation and the results of a literature search about this complication. Methods: From July 2006 to December 2015, 924 permanent implantable central venous catheter implantation procedures were performed. The most common indication was vascular access for chemotherapy. Results: POS occurred in 5 patients in our clinic. Two patients experienced POS within 2 weeks, and the other 3 patients were admitted to department of surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine at 6 to 14 months following implantation. The catheters were found to be occluded during medication administration, and all patients complained of serious pain. The transected fragments of the catheters had migrated to the heart. They were successfully removed under angiography with a single-loop snare. Conclusion: POS is a serious complication after TIVAD implantation. It is important to be aware of this possibility and to make an early diagnosis in order to prevent complications such as drug extravasation and occlusion events.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2012

The effects of dietary additives and holding time on resistance and resilience of broiler chickens to Clostridium perfringens challenge were investigated by offering four dietary treatments. These were a negative control (basal), a positive control (Zn-bacitracin) and two dietary additives, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), and acidifier. Two holding times included (a) immediate access to feed and water post hatch (FED) and (b) access to both feed and water 48 h post hatch (HELD). Chicks fed Zn-bacitracin had no intestinal lesions attributed to necrotic enteritis (NE), whereas chicks fed both MOS or acidifier showed signs of NE related lesions. All dietary treatments were effective in reducing the numbers of C. perfringens in the ileum post challenge. The FED chicks had heavier body weight and numerically lower mortality. The FED chicks also showed stronger immune responses to NE challenge, showing enhanced (p<0.05) proliferation of T-cells. Early feeding of the MOS supplemented diet increased (p<0.05) IL-6 production. The relative bursa weight of the FED chicks was heavier at d 21 (p<0.05). All the additives increased the relative spleen weight of the HELD chicks at d 14 (p<0.05). The FED chicks had increased villus height and reduced crypt depth, and hence an increased villus/crypt ratio, especially in the jejunum at d 14 (p<0.05). The same was true for the HELD chicks given dietary additives (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the chicks with early access to dietary additives showed enhanced immune response and gut development, under C. perfringens challenge. The findings of this study shed light on managerial and nutritional strategies that could be used to prevent NE in the broiler industry without the use of in-feed antibiotics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.764-769
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• 1994

From november, 1985 to May, 1993, 222 arteriovenous fistulae were made in 201 patients with chronic renal failure. Among them, a total of 183 arteriovenous fistulae in 173 patients were reviewed to evaluate the factors influencing patency rate of the vascular access. The results were revealed as follows: There were 102 men and 71 women,aged 10 to 76 years [mean = 45.7 years]. Sixteen patients of them had previous shunts. The procedures included establishment of 214 radiocephalic or brachioocephalic fistulae, 203 side to end, 9 side to side, 2 end to end, 2 autologous saphenous vein grafts, 6 Gore-Tex grafts. There were 28 early shunt failures[12%] due to use of 23 inadequate veins and 5 thrombosis.There were 32 late complications[14%]; 19 thrombosis, 4 aneurysm, 4 venous hypertension, 3 steal syndrome, 2 infections. There were 32 diabetic patients [17 %]. No significant differences in graft patency were noted between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. There were no significant difference in graft patency between male and female. Overall shunt patency in 183 cases with chronic renal failure was 96% at I month, 95% at 3 months, 93% at I year, 91% at 2 years, 84% at 3 years, 56% at 5years.This Study showed that early postoperative thrombosis and diabetic vasculopathy were most causes of the vascular access failure and suggested that prevention of thrombi and well control of diabetes mellitus were most important to enhance patency rates of the vascular access.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2013

Background: The role of totally implantable central venous port (TICVP) system is increasing. Implantation performed by radiologist with ultrasound-guided access of vein and fluoroscope-guided positioning of catheter is widely accepted nowadays. In this article, we summarized our experience of TICVP system by surgeon and present the success and complication rate of this surgical method. Materials and Methods: Between March 2009 and December 2010, 245 ports were implanted in 242 patients by surgeon. These procedures were performed with one small skin incision and subcutaneous puncture of subclavian vein. Patient's profiles, indications of port system, early and delayed complications, and implanted period were evaluated. Results: There were 82 men and 160 women with mean age of 55.74. Port system was implanted on right chest in 203, and left chest in 42 patients. There was no intraoperative complication. Early complications occurred in 11 patients (4.49%) including malposition of catheter tip in 6, malfunction of catheter in 3, and port site infection in 2. Late complication occurred in 12 patients (4.90%). Conclusion: Surgical insertion of TICVP system with percutaneous subclavian venous access is safe procedures with lower complications. Careful insertion of system and skilled management would decrease complication incidence.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.685-688
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 게임 개발의 한 형태이자 새로 도입된 개발 형태 중에 가장 떠오르고 있는 얼리액세스 개발 형태에 대해 서술하며, 얼리액세스 개발 방식의 공통적인 성격과 성공했던 게임들의 사례를 통해 앞으로 게임 개발자들에게 지양해야 할 부분과 반영해야 할 부분을 통해 소비자들에게 어떤 방식으로 접근해야 효과적으로 다가갈 수 있으며, 어떤 방향의 개발을 거쳤던 게임이 흥행하지 못했는지를 연구, 분석을 통해 얼리액세스 만의 방식을 통해 개발자, 소비자 모두를 충족시킬 수 있는 전략을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.155-186
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• 1993

This study aims at defining the concept of OPAC, tracing of research trends and development of it, and clarifying various methods of subject access and patterns of bibliographic searching in OPAC as well as strategies for improving to implement online catalogs. Although OPAC is so far the most user-friendly bibliographic searching method, there are still a lot of issues including online subject access in particular. Therefore a more effective and useful method for computer end-users have to be developed, for instance, improvement of an indexing system, a n.0, pplication of the classification system as a searching tool, a new design and construction of standardized thesaurus, betterment of user interface, introducing of expert system into bibliographic searching, establishment of subject authority file. Those would raise the success-rate of users seeking bibliographic information in the library catalogs. Korean libraries are in very early stage of OPAC implementation so that every efforts and concerns to improve strategies and techniques for subject access to OPAC have been strongly asked.