• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine some acoustic characteristics in the ear canal. It was assumed that a sound outside the external auditory canal could be different from the sound inside the external auditory canal. The acoustic signals were captured by a probe microphone placed at a distance within 1 cm from the tympanic membrane, and a reference microphone was placed over the upper pinna. Three vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ were recorded from a normal adult male speaker. The parameters such as the formant frequency ($Fl\simF5$) and the peak intensity were measured using a speech analyser, PCquirer. It was found that the entering part of the external auditory canal functions as a narrowing point as to the speech that passes through the free field. Results show that acoustic characteristics were changed for speech discrimination rather than speech perception.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.456-462
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• 1993

벼의 수확 후 저장손실 또는 도정시 영양성분의 손실 방지수단으로서 인도를 중심으로 한 열대지방에서 널리 행하여지고 있는 parboiling기법을 성숙단계별로 보리곡립에 적용하여 그 효과를 검토하였다 성숙단계별 보리곡립의 parboiling시 호화도 측정결과 수분함량이 40% 이상인 출수 후 36일 이전의 보리인 경우에는 40% 이상의 호화도를 보여 parboiling처리시 전분의 호화를 위한 별도의 수침공정은 필요치 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 출수 후 31일 이후의 보리의 경우에는 parboiling처리에 의해 외관이 크게 변형되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 보리의 유리당 중 환원성당은 parboiling처리에 의해 감소하였으나, 비환원성인 sucrose와 raffinose는 큰 변화가 없었고 maltose는 오히려 증가하였다. 유숙기의 보리로 조제한 parboiled 보리의 도정수율별 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유 및 회분함량은 모두 정백수율이 낮아짐에 따라 점차 감소하였으며 P, K, Mg, Ca 등 무기원소에 있어서도 같은 경향이었다. 유리당의 경우에도 대부분이 다소 감소하는 경향이었으나 maltose의 경우에는 증가 후 다소 감소하였다. 비타민 $B_1$ 함량에 있어서는 도정하기전 보리에서는 건물량으로 $340\;{\mu}g/100\;g$ 정도이었고 정맥수율이 낮아짐에 따라 점차 감소하기는 하지만 도정수율 50%에서도 $260\;{\mu}g/100\;g$을 보여 parboiling 처리에 의해 비타민 $B_1$의 도정시 손실을 크게 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.318-330
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• 1996

We had been investigated the effect of ear acupuncture in alcoholics, but in Kang won do province never we have been investigated. so then in Sangji university oriental hospital from Mar. 1. 1995 to Feb. 28. 1996. we clinically analized 102 alcoholics treated The results were summarized as follow: 1. In Age distribution, 40s were the top as 28.4% and next 30s, 50s, 60s 70s, below 3Os. In Sex distribution, these were 92 person in male, 10 person in female. 2. Marrige Status revealed in descending order ; married, single, divorced Sibling order distribution in descending order; eldest son, middle son, youngest son, only son 3. Distribution of education in descending order ; high school, middle school, primary school, collage and graduate school, illiterate 4. Distribution of occupation in descending order; farmer, labor, merchent, salaried and inoccupation, service 5. Distribution of religion in descending order ; none, buddism, protestantism, catholicism 6. Distribution of family history of alcoholism; yes(24.5%), no(69.6%) 7. Distribution of onset of drinking in descending order ; 20s, below 20s, 30s and 40s, 50s 8. Distribution of duration of drinking in descending order ; 20-29 years, 10-19 and below years, 40-49 years, 30-39 years 9. Distribution of the reason of drinking in descending order ; habbit, business and reduce of stress, no reason, syndrome of stop drinking 10. Distribution of frequency of drinking in descending order ; daily, four or five times a week, irregularly, once a week, two or three times a week 11. Distribution of amount of drinking in descending order ; two bottles, one bottle, three bottles, half, bottle above four bottles 12. Distribution of Chief Complaint of Alcohol in descending order ; no appetite and anorexia, diarrhrea insomnia, fatigue, vomitting, tremor, drinking water, hallucination, abdominal pain, constipation 13. Distribution of total MAST score in descending order ; 26-48 score, 13-18 score, 19-25 score, 8-12 score, 0-7 score 14. In the treatment effects according to MAST score, these were complete stop drinking 18.0%, improved 53.0%, unchanged 29.0%. 15. Distribution of liver function test and treatment effects in descending order ; ALAT, ASAT, GGTP, Trigliceride, Alk-phosphatase and Total bilirubin The treatment effects in ear acupuncture were 70.5% effective ones ; stop drinking 17.6%, improved 52.9%. 17. These were headache, nausea, vomitting sense, weakness in revealing symtoms after treatment, but no severe side effect. 18. Distribution of the times of onset in the change of taste in descending order; 3-5 times, below 2 times and above 6 times.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives: Notopterygium incisum(N. incisum) and Saposhnikovia divaricata(S. divaricata) have been clinically used in traditional oriental medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Also, a herbal mixture prepared with N. incisum and S. divaricata has been strongly linked to the anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of N. incisum and S. divaricata. Methods: For evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of a herbal mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata in vivo, we measured the changed ear thickness in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model after topical application of herbal mixture. In addition, the levels of markers for inflammation, such as tumore necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, and nitric oxide(NO), were determined by ELISA assay in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Results: We reported that water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination significantly inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by TPA. Moreover, the water extracts of N. incisum and S. divaricata combination exhibited synergistic effects in down-regulating IL-1${\beta}$ level, but not TNF-${\alpha}$ and NO. Conclusions: These results suggest that combined treatment of N. incisum and S. divaricata, based on seven methods in prescription compatibility, has a synergistic effect in down-regulating inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro models. Especially, it seems that IL-1${\beta}$ is a one of main target of the mixture of N. incisum and S. divaricata on anti-inflammatory activity.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.510-515
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• 2018

황미찰은 2014년 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 개발한 단교잡종 찰옥수수로 이삭의 색깔은 노란색이며 자식계통 KY30을 종자친으로 하고 KY9를 화분친으로 한다. 황미찰의 출사일수는 일미찰(표준품종)과 유사하였고 이삭길이는 18.4 cm, 이삭직경은 4.3 cm로 일미찰보다 작았으며 착립장률은 89%로 일미찰보다 낮은 수준이었다. 아밀로펙틴함량은 90.9%로 일미찰과 유의한 차이가 없었고 과피두께와 백립중, 립장, 립폭 등 알곡의 특성 또한 일미찰과 유사하였으며 카로티노이드 함량은 $32.2{\mu}g/g$로 일미찰보다 높았다. 황미찰의 내병충성은 일미찰과 유사하였으며 내도복성은 일미찰보다 우수하였다. 황미찰의 단위면적당이삭수는 일미찰보다 많았고 이삭중은 낮았으며 채종시험결과 종자친과 화분친간 개화기는 잘 일치하였고 모 부본 재식비율을 3:1에서 가장 높은 채종량을 나타내었다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.291-319
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• 2016

본고는 "시악화성(詩樂和聲)"의 평균율에 내재한 함의(含意)를 미학적(美學的)으로 고찰하는 것이다. 율려(律呂)의 전체는 음양대대(陰陽待對)의 구조로서 태극(太極)에서 비롯되는데, 이를 도수(度數)로 드러내면 "함삼위일(含三爲一)"이 되고 이로부터 황종율(黃鍾律)이 구성된다. 율(律)을 구성하는 방법은 대체로 평균율(平均律)과 삼분손익율(三分損益律)의 두 종류가 있지만, 평균율(平均律)은 삼분손익법(三分損益法)에서 발생하는 "왕이불반(往而不返)"의 난제를 온전하게 해결하는 특징이 있다. 율려(律呂)란 소리가 서로 응(應)하는 것을 통해서 '화(和)'를 추구하는 것이다. 사람의 귀가 율(律)을 듣고 구분할 수 있는 것은 같은 음(音)끼리 서로 응하기 때문인데, 다른 두 음(音)이 동시에 울리면 주파수의 비율에 의해서 맥놀이가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 "화이부동(和而不同)"의 관점에서 보면, '동음(同音)'과 '옥타브의 음(音)'은 사람의 귀로 들을 때 맥놀이가 없기 때문에 "동(同)"에 가깝다. 이에 비해 "화(和)"는 십이율(十二律)에서 '동음(同音)'과 '옥타브의 음(音)'을 제외한, 즉 율려(律呂)에서 가장 듣기가 용이한 4도(5도)에서 드러나는 울림의 관계이다. 전체대용(全體大用)의 관점에서 보면, 삼분손익법(三分損益法)에 의한 십이율(十二律)에서는 4도(5도)가 '동음(同音)'과 같이 맥놀이가 없는 순수한 울림을 이루지만 부분적인 것에 불과하다. 이에 비해 평균율(平均律)에서의 4도(5도)는 비록 3초에 두어 번 정도의 맥놀이가 발생하지만, 십이율(十二律)의 전체(全體)에서 완벽한 "화(和)"를 이루게 된다. 율려(律呂)는 비가시적 본체가 소리로 드러난 것이기 때문에, 태극(太極)에서 비롯된 양율(陽律)과 음려(陰呂)가 동일한 음가(音價)로 펼쳐져야 하는 당위성(當爲性)을 가진다. 따라서 평균율(平均律)로 구성된 십이율(十二律)은 "함삼위일(含三爲一)"의 악리(樂理)에 근거해서 전체적으로 조화(調和)를 이루는 것으로, "화(和)"의 미학적(美學的) 함의(含意)에 바탕하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2007

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) is a surgical method of bone formation that involves an osteotomy and sequential stretching of the healing callus by gradual movement and subsequent remodeling. DO is used to correct facial asymmetry, such as in patients with hemifacial microsomia, maxillary or mandibular retrusion, cleft lip and palate, alveolar defects, and craniofacial deficiency. It is accomplished with the aid of a distraction device, which is secured with screws placed directly into bone, for a predetermined length of time. Hemifacial microsomia is characterized by unilateral facial hypoplasia, often with unilateral shortening of the mandible and subsequent malocclusion. Patients with hemifacial microsomia and facial asymmetry have a vertically short maxilla, tilted occlusal plane, and short mandible. Early treatment is necessary to avoid subsequent impaired midfacial growth. The standard treatment of these malformations consists of the application of bone grafts, which can lead to unpredictable growth. The new bone-lengthening procedure represents a limited surgical intervention and opens up a new perspective for treatment, especially in younger children with severe deformities. This report describes a case of hemifacial microsomia(Type-II left-sided hemifacial microsomia). The patient, a 10-year-old child, visited our clinic for facial asymmetry correction. He had a hypoplastic mandible, displaced ear lobe, 10 mm canting on the right side, and malocclusion. We planned DO to lengthen the left mandible in conjunction with a Le Fort I osteotomy for decanting and then perform a right intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy(IVRO). Progressive distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm/12 hours was initiated 7 days postoperatively. The duration of DO was 17 days. The consolidation period was 3 months. Satisfactory results were obtained in our case, indicating that DO can be used successfully for functional, aesthetic reconstruction of the mandible. We report a case involving DO in conjunction with orthognathic surgery for correcting mandibular hypoplasia with a review of the literature.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.554-558
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• 2011

'얼룩찰1호'는 자식계통 KBW23을 종자친으로 하고 KW33을 화분친으로 하여 교잡된 단교잡종이며 알맹이가 흰색과 검정색의 두 가지 색을 가진 얼룩찰 옥수수이다. '얼룩찰1호'는 2003년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2005년부터 2007년까지 3년 동안 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2007년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정되었다. 이 품종의 주요특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. '얼룩찰1호'의 출사일수는 76일로 만숙종이며 이삭길이가 18.4 cm로 '찰옥1호' 보다 길다. 2. '얼룩찰1호'의 아밀로펙틴 함량, 과피두께, 백립중 등은 '찰옥1호'와 비슷하였지만 경도는 낮았으며 전체적인 기호도는 우수하였다. 3. '얼룩찰1호'는 '찰옥1호'와 비교하여 깨씨무늬병, 그을음무늬병, 조명나방 등 병충해 저항성은 낮았으나 도복에는 강하였다. 4. '얼룩찰1호'의 ha당 이삭수는 '찰옥1호' 보다 적었지만 이삭중은 무거웠다. 5. '얼룩찰1호'의 모본 출사기와 부본의 화분 비산기간이 잘 일치하였으며 채종량은 모 부본 재식비율 3:1이 1,730 kg/ha으로 재식비율 2:1의 1,500 kg/ha보다 많았다. 6. '얼룩찰1호'는 제주도를 제외한 전국에서 재배가 가능하다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2007

During laser irradiation, mechanically deformed cartilage undergoes a temperature dependent phase transformation resulting in accelerated stress relaxation. Clinically, laser-assisted cartilage reshaping may be used to recreate the underlying cartilaginous framework in structures such as ear, larynx, trachea, and nose. Therefore, research and identification of the biophysical transformations in cartilage accompanying laser heating are valuable to identify critical laser dosimetry and phase transformation of cartilage for many clinical applications. quasi-elastic light scattering was investigated using Ho : YAG laser $(\lambda=2.12{\mu}m\;;\;t_p\sim450{\mu}s)$ and Nd:YAG Laser $(\lambda=1.32{\mu}m\;;\;t_p\sim700{\mu}s)$ for heating sources and He : Ne $(\lambda=632.8nm)$ laser, high-power diode pumped laser $(\lambda=532nm)$, and Ti : $Al_2O_3$ femtosecond laser $(\lambda=850nm)$ for light scattering sources. A spectrometer and infrared radiometric sensor were used to monitor the backscattered light spectrum and transient temperature changes from cartilage following laser irradiation. Analysis of the optical, thermal, and quasi-elastic light scattering properties may indicate internal dynamics of proteoglycan movement within the cartilage framework during laser irradiation.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

In this paper the Korean standards of clothing for firefighters were examined and analysed to improve the uniform's effectiveness. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. The Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms first established in 1949 and were amended eleven times before 1983. The standards were reestablished in 1983 and had been amended four times by 1995. Recently there have been different causes of fire, and fires have become bigger and bigger. For these reasons, it is necessary to review the Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms. 2. The Korean standards are very different from those of Japan and USA. In Japan, firefighters' uniforms are classified by factors such as season and working conditions, while in Korea they are classified by factors such as sex and position. Furthermore, there are many items which are not mentioned in the Korean standards, such as ear covers and gloves. Textile materials are specified by brand names or company-designated item names. Classification of clothing items also needs to be esamined. 3. Such words as fire-proof, water-proof and heat-proof clothing just mean that the clothing blocks fire, water, or hear, and do not specifically include the meaning of protecting firefighters. Some word such as "firefighters' clothing" must be developed to imply all these types of blockage and protection. 4. Considering the rules of Korean orthography, the rules of romanization of borrowed words, and technical terms for clothing many technical words in the Korean standards for firefighters' uniforms are not appropriate, and need to be corrected and improved.