• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-180
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• 2005

Since government institutions begin working 40 hours each week, public libraries in Korea face the challenge of not only enhancing the quality of life for librarians by improving their work environment, but also providing adequate information services for patrons. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential problems which could happen with the 40 working-hours each week in public libraries, and establish the strategies for resolving these problems. For this study, based on the existing research, an attempt is made to review and analyze the following facts: (1) the details of planning for 40 working-hours each week at the government institutions in Korea; (2) the current work environment and service strategies of public libraries in other countries, including the U.S., where librarians work 40 hours each week; (3) the present state of managing public libraries with 40 working-hours each week in Korea; and (4) the strategies of public libraries as a part of cultural infrastructure in preparing for 40 working-hours each week which will be fully implemented at the government institutions in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 1992

The aim of this paper is to define major factors influencing land development of each of major uses (residential, commercial, industrial) in the process of rapid urban expansion. The main hypothesis of this study is that land use changing patterns are directed by supply side of land managed to public policies rather than demand side. The graphic analysis is applied to relationships between urban growth and land development process of each use and between land development project managed to public policies and land development process. Public and land development projects and zonning protection seem to be major roles of land supply and main determinants of urban spatial structure. Location factors for land development of each uses are selected in 23 variables. Factor analysis is applied to test correlation between variables in 1971 and 1981. Factor structure between two years is similar, but progressive processing of functional separation is derived such as intensive land use is grouped, different location between residential and industrial use is deep. Dependent variables are standardized to logarithm of land development of each use per unit vacant land in two periods, between 1971 and 1980 year and between 1981 year. Correlation analysis between 6 dependent variables and 23 location factors in each years are applied. Major factors of each use are selected in criteria such as high correlation with dependent variables, low correlation between independent variables and common application in two periods. As the result, major factors for residential land development are Land Readjustment Project (LRP), percent of total zoned area in residential zone, residential floor space density per available area, percent of total area in industrial use; for commercial development is distance to CBD, percent of total area in commercial use, residential floor space density per available area in each year, and volumn rate of industrial use; for industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use, Industrial Estate Project (IES), LRP, and distance from CBD. Land development pattern of each use between two periods are slightly different. So 6 equation is derived from appling backward method of regession. Adjusted multiple R squares of all is more than 0.5 and those equation is statistically significant and valuable to assist urban land use forecasting.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.161-184
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• 1986

An experiment was made in order to analyze the growth characteristics and productivity of Zoysia japonica under control, mowing and TIBA treatment conditions at the experimental farm of Kyung Hee univ. from May 26 to Oct. 1 in 1985. The field was planned by the randomized block design method and each treatment was given to three plots (2${\times}$2, 4${\times}$4 and 10${\times}$10 cm) and was replicated three times. Each plot was 1$m^2$ for Zoysia japonica. The sampling of each plot was taken once a week after sowing. In order to know the dry matter of total standing crops, kept 9$0^{\circ}C$ and weighted each organ of the plants. Total leaf area of a plant was measured by drawing method. The author adopted the growth analysis of English School. The increasing rates of numbers of leaf and stem were remarkably high in each plot between 10th and 12th weak after sowing and it was highest in TIBA treated plot. The increasin rate of leaf area in each plot was remarkably high beween 10th and 12th week and the maximum value of leaf area was 274.00c$m^2$ in TIBA treated plot of 100 plants/$m^2$. The increasing rate of standing crop was remarkably high between 10th and 12th week and the high increasing tendency in TIBA plot resulted from TIBA. The positive correlationship was founded between standing crop and leaf area. The evaporation rather than temperature acted as a main factor of negative correlation with standing crop during the experiment period. Solar radiation had a high positive correlation in the lower density of plot. C/F ratio was low, during the growth period, from 10th to 12th week after sowing and was low in the higher density under each treated plot. T/R ratio was not constant during the sampling period but was high in the lower density. The increasing rates of RGR and NAR were high between 11th and 12th week after sowing. Leaf area ratio was high in higher density in each plot and not constant in all treated plot.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.106-118
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• 1983

The main purpose of this study is to systematically classify words indicating pain in terms of their ranks in each subclass. This study is a part of developing a Korean Pain Measurement Tool. This study didnot include exploration of each word's dimension such as sensory or affective. Eighty three Korean words tentatively classified in 19 subclasses in previous study were used for this study. At least three to six words were included in each subclass and the words were randomly placed in which each subject indicates their rank of pain degree. One hundred and fifty nursing students and one hundred clinical nurses were requested to indicate the rank of each word. One hundred and sixteen students and eighty three nurses completed the ratings for analysis. The data were collected from June 1983 to July 1983. The data using ordinal scale were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA to test significant difference between rank means. All of pain words indicated significant rank mean difference in all of 19 subclasses. Some of the words were either cancelled or replaced by other words, or rearranged for their ranks. Subclasses of which words were cancelled were 1) Simple stimulating pain, 2) Punctuate pressure, 3) peripheral nerve pain, 4) radiation pain, 5) punishment-related pain, and 6) suffering-related pain. Subclasses of which words were replaced or rearranged were 1) incisive pressure, 2) constrictive pressure, 3) dull pain, 4) tract pain, 5) digestion-related pain and 6) fear-related pain. Four subclasses such as traction pressure, thermal, cavity pressure, and fatigue- elated pain indicated significant differences among rank means in each subclasses and showed no visible overlaps of the ranks among means. Further research is needed using high level measurement of pain degree of each word and more sophisticated analysis of the pain degrees. Three pain words which would be related to chemical stimulation were newly explored and included as a new subclass. Through this study, the total number of subclasses increases from 19 to 20 and the total number of Korean words in the scale decreases from 83 to 80.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.49-58
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• 1999

This study is to develop the well-fit brassieres by observing the changes in the breast sizes and shapes, the surface area of the breast through the arm movements of 3 types (0$^{\circ}$ , 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$) in vortical motion. The 11 elementary girls who are aged 12 participated in this experiment. To obtain the measures regarding the surface area of the breast, replicas are made at each motion. The results of this study are as fellows: 1. The changes in the breast sizes and shapes at each motion By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to decrease: Shoulder length, Upper blast girth, Bust girth, Under bust girth, Upper bust depth, Bust depth, Under bust depth, Nipple to nipple breadth, Horizontal distance of bust, Horizontal length of the cup, Bust height, Cup size. By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the fellowing measure items are inclined to increase: Center point of shoulder~B.p., Shoulder point~B.p., Center point of shoulder~armpit, Upper Bust breadth, Bust breadth, Under bust breadth, Vertical distance of Bust. 2. The changes in the surface area of breast at each motion By making the replica to observe changes in the surface area, which are sectioned to 4 parts(area 1 to area 4), and volume of breast at each motion, the results are as follows: At 0$^{\circ}$and 180$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2>area1>area4> area3. At 90$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2>area1>area3>area4. Through these orders, it is found that the upper and inside part of the breast huts the inclination to increase so along as the motions of the arm movement increase. Also, the total surface area increases so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. As a reset of the F-test on the changes in the each surface areas, the surface area by arm movements, the significant differences among the each surface areas are found.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.333-349
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• 2015

This study examined the application of the FRBR model to newspapers and news articles. In order to meet the purpose that was mentioned above, we analyzed data items based on the level of newspapers and articles and discussed how the FRBR model may be applied. In terms of the level of a newspaper, each of newspapers, morning/evening paper, issue and edition are regarded as an individual work, and the relationship among them are considered to be the 'whole-part relationship'. Each article on the level of article basis was considered to be a work and was in a relationship of 'whole-part relationship' with the edition of each level of newspapers. Newspaper articles can be represented as texts, photographs, graphics, and tables, etc., and regarded as an individual work. Each work can be a part of the article on a newspaper or can be an independent article itself. Moreover, a uniform heading of each boxed article and running story is included in the work of each article and is forming a 'whole-part relationship'. Because of the changes of the newspaper name, the uniform title of each name regarded as a single binding. It is called the superwork and it is forming 'whole-part relationship' with each name.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depreciation. The vintage group procedure treats the same type of property placed in service during the same year as a distinct group for depreciation purposes; therefore an estimate of the probable average service life and net salvage ratio(s) of each individual vintage is necessary. The vintage group procedure calculates an accrual rate for each vintage and the accrual rate for an account for specific calendar year is the weighted average vintage accrual rate for that calendar year. A further refinement would be to divide each vintage into groups such that all of the dollars in a group have the same estimated life-an equal life group (ELG). Then each ELG is depreciated over its estimated life. The effect is to recover each dollar over the estimated number of years it is in service. Each vintage is divided into several equal life groups (ELGs) such that all the property in a specific ELG has the same estimated life. The accrual rate for each ELG is based on the estimated life of that ELG. The vintage accrual rate for a specific year is the weighted average ELG accrual rate for that calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of vintage accrual rates for each of the calendar years by the ELG depreciation systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study was motivated by the need to identify the characteristics of professionals involved in planning exterior spaces in urban development projects and to provide guidelines for maintaining the identity of urban images. Urban development's impact on external spaces can alter the image of the urban structure, especially due to the many boundaries between urban and rural areas. Therefore, there is a need for public standards for external spaces in such projects. This study collects and analyzes experts' opinions to understand the characteristics of each professional, selects the relative importance of each, and uses this as a guideline for step-by-step deliberation in planning external spaces. The research scope includes analyzing each expert's characteristics based on the external space evaluation items from Lee Limjeong's 2023 study, which builds upon existing research, and presenting the importance and priority of each expert. As a methodology, a questionnaire was conducted for each expert group using the indicators established in Lee Lim Jung's 2023 study for external spaces in urban development projects. An in-depth analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for each expert. Using AHP analysis, the composite weight for each of the 17 detailed items was first adjusted by the number of item weights to account for the classification level of the large and detailed items. Then, the composite importance was calculated by multiplying the importance of the large, medium, and detailed classifications. The calculated composite importance was finally adjusted by applying the number of item weights again, ensuring the sum of the 17 importance values equals 1. The final importance calculated through this process was then presented by occupation.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.113-129
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• 2007

Due to criminal aspects spreading nation wide, their intelligence level increasing and becoming digitalized, the citizens' interest in and desire for crime security have increased. Until now, the preceding researches have been focused on finding the specific variables that have direct effects on the demand for police manpower through regression analysis and attempted to predict number of needs. However, there have never been any researches producing the accurate number of demands for crimes and human resources needed for each work load. Therefore, this research have analyzed each police station functions by interviewing the persons in charge and selected the main duty for each functions. From this, by using the method of system dynamics, this research was able to predict the standard number of manpower needed for each police station functions. Also, by making a model for each 235 police stations, the best efficient employment plan for police stations and district agencies have been further discussed based on the computer simulation results.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of Korean speakers' English stop pronunciation on their general pronunciation proficiency. For these purposes, 20 Korean speakers read English sentences and their pronunciations were rated by native English speakers. The Korean speakers' VOT values of English stops in sentences were then measured and the relation between the VOT values and native speakers' pronunciation rating was compared. Here, the relation between (1) the proficiency score of each speaker and VOT values; and (2) the proficiency score of each sentence and VOT values were analyzed. The results show that there is a relation between the proficiency score of each sentence and VOT values of /t, b, d, g/; and there is a relation between VOT values of /t, b, d, g/ and proficiency scores of each speaker while these is a weak relation between VOT values of /p, k/ and proficiency scores of each speaker.