• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.8 s.265
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• pp.619-625
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• 2006

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is frequently accompanied with systemic arteriosclerosis and more than half of the cause of deaths is due to the development of coronary arterial disease. Moreover, it is known that the most frequent cause of death after a bypass surgery of chronic arterial obstruction is heart related complications. Especially in patients with atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities who had no history of heart disease or had no presenting symptoms of ischemic heart disease showed a high rate of postoperative mortality and for this reason we suggest preoperative evaluation in these patients to evaluate whether or not coronary arterial disease is accompanied. Material and Method: Since Feb. 2001 to Oct. 2004, we analyzed 52 patients who were operated on for atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities, with the exception of patients with a past history of heart disease or symptoms of ischemic heart disease. They underwent on the same day a coronary and femoral angiography for evaluation of accompanying coronary arterial disease. Of among these patients, we compared those who received bypass surgery of the arteries of the peripheral extremities alone to those who underwent combined coronary artery bypass surgery. Result: 63% of the reported cases of atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities were accompanied with coronary arterial disease. Old age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia are known risk factors for arteriosclerosis and of these, only old age and hypertension had statistically significance in patients with severe atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities accompanied with coronary arterial disease. Diabetes, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia showed no statistical significance in this group. With the increase in severity of the range and the degree of atherosclerotic arterial obstruction, coronary arterial disease is frequently accompanied and its severity also increased. Patients who received both peripheral artery and coronary artery bypass surgery showed no difference in the period of hospitalization and ICU stay period compared with patients who received bypass surgery of the arteries of the lower extremities alone. Conclusion: Patients with atherosclerotic arterial obstruction in the lower extremities without symptoms of ischem to evaluate coronary arterial disease for active treatment, especially in the patients with old age, hypertension and high AVD scores.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.316-321
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• 2006

Purpose: Differential diagnosis between arteriovenous (AVMs) aud non-arteriovenous malformations (nAVMs) is important in patients with congenital vascular malformations, because AVMs can cause hemodynamic alteration and require immediate treatment. We investigated whether transarterial lung perfusion scintigraphy (TLPS) was useful for the diagnosis and post-therapeutic evaluation of AVMs in extremities. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (M:F=26:31, $21{\pm}13$ yr, 9 upper and 48 lower extremities) suspected of congenital vascular malformations in extremities underwent TLPS using $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ before embolization/sclerotherapy. Dose-corrected shunt fraction (SF) was calculated from time-activity curve of the lung. Final diagnosis of AVMs was determined by angiography. in patients with AVMs, follow-up TLPS was done for post-therapeutic evaluation. Results: Sixteen patients (8 upper and 8 lower extremities) had AVMs, while the remaining 41 had nAVMs (1 upper and 40 lower extremities). The mean SF of AVMs on TLPS was significantly higher than that of nAVMs ($66.4{\pm}25.8%\;vs.\;2.8{\pm}4.3%$), p=0.003). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TLPS (cut-off of SF = 20.0%) in diagnosis of AVMs before treatment were 93.8% (15/16), 100% (41/41) and 98.2% (56/57), respectively. The follow-up TLPS and angiography for post-therapeutic evaluation showed concordant results in 13 of 16 patients (81.3%) with AVMs. The mean SF of TLPS was significantly decreased after embolization/sclerotherapy ($69.5{\pm}24.0%\;vs.\;41.0{\pm}34.7%$, p=0.01). Conclusion: TLPS provides hemodynamic information of AVMs in extremities semiquantitatively. Furthermore, the results of TLPS showed a high concordance rate with angiographic findings. Therefore, TLPS is useful for the diagnosis and post-therapeutic evaluation of AVMs in extremities.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-99
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• 2007

Nail bed malignancies are rare entities. Most nail bed malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)s. Less than 10% of subungual SCCs occur in the foot. Fifty percent occurred on the hallux and approximately 25% on both the fourth and fifth digits. The correct diagnosis is often delayed because nail bed malignancies are frequently mistaken for benign or infectious processes. SCC on extremities is hard to distinguish from the benign lesion like chronic ulcer, fistula caused by chronic osteomyelitis, and abscess fistula. Attention should especially be paid in diagnosing the subungual lesion because paronychia is a common disease. SCC is the most common carcinoma second to malignant melanoma as a soft tissue malignant tumor in the West, and it involves mainly the head, neck and upper extremities but rarely involves lower extremities, particularly the toes. The authors emphasize the importance of a biopsy for chronic nonhealing lesions by presenting this case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.326-330
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• 2005

Crahworthy design of trains is now indispensable procedure in modern railway vehicle design for ensuring the safety of passengers and crew. It is now widely recognized that a more strategic approach is needed in order to absorb higher level energy in a controlled manner and minimize passenger injuries effectively. The first design step in this strategic approach is the design of the front end structure(so called HE extremities) to absorb a large part of total impact energy and then the structure of passengers non-accommodation zones(so called HE extremities) is designed to absorb the rest of impact energy. In this paper, the passengers entrance door area is selected as the LE(low energy) extremities and the design of the LEE was carried out. The main part of LEE design procedures is the design of energy absorbing tubes. For this purpose, the several tube candidates are introduced and compared to each others with numerical crash simulation.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

Between April 1982 and July 1991, 14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the extremities have been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University. The diagnosis was made by clinical symptoms, history, tissue and lymph node biopsy. Age distribution was variable and the average age was 50.2 years old. The frequency was higher in male than female. The most common location arising the carcinoma was lower extremities. The most common etiology of carcinoma was chronic osteomyelitis, then chronic ulcers, burn scars in order. The average duration of illness was 22.8 years. The common clinical manifestations at the time of admission were chronic ulcer, growing mass, draining sinus in order. The choice of treatment consisted of early adequate amputation or radical resection of the focus and irradiation or chemotherapy.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.324-328
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of change in heel height on lower extremities activity of young women on high-heeled shoes that young women prefer from more kinetic and realistic perspective as this study changes the degree of slope on a treadmill. The study subjects are 15 young and healthy women who do not have any external injuries or problem with walking and understand the purpose of this study clearly. They wore three different height of heels(1cm, 7cm, 12cm) and walked on a treadmill at a constant speed of 3km/h. EMG value of four muscles (anterior tibial muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, straight muscle of thigh, and biceps muscle of thigh) were collected when walking and the change according to the height of heels were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Multiple comparison analysis on anterior tibial muscle and heel height showed that the group with 12cm heel showed significantly high muscle activation compared to the groups with 1cm and 7cm heels. The result of this study can be used for various perspectives from inferring and mediating problems caused by wearing high heels on different ground slopes for a long time.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2 s.9
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• pp.85-93
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• 2002

Objectives:Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to that of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians(WSBTM) will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials of 17 patients with loin lesions, and pain of loin and lower extremities (腰脚痛, LWLE), to find out the characteristic of meridian system in patients with loin lesions. Methods:Electric potentials of well and sea points in the meridians in 17 patients with LWLE diagnosed by both CT or MRI and self view on pain at loin and lower extremities were repeatedly measured by physiograph(PowerLab). Measurements of those electrical potentials were analyzed by factor analysis. Results The electric potentials of WSBTM at the left side were divided into four factors. On the other hand those at the right side wert divided into three factors.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2000

The advent of free bone flaps has made successful replacement of extensive areas of bone loss in the upper and lower extremities. The microvascular free bone flaps have faster healing without bony absorption or atrophy and can heal in the hostile environment of scarred bed or infection. Since the fibula free flap introduced by Taylor and colleague in 1975, it has been used extensively for skeletal reconstruction of extremities. In 1988, the folded vascularized fibula free flap was first described as a technique to reconstruct significant long bone defect of upper and lower extremities. During the same time, the fibular free flap has evolved to become most preferred choice of mandibular reconstruction. Up to present day, few reports have been made on the fibular free flap used for reconstruction of injured hand containing metacarpal bone and soft tissue defect. We present here our new and unique experiences with vascularized fibular osteocutaneous free flap as useful and satisfactory one for reconstruction of hand with composite defects.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve motor recovery in the lower extremities of the patients with subacute stage spinal cord injury (SCI). This study was conducted with 19 subjects diagnosed with paraplegia because of SCI. The experimental group included 10 subjects who underwent active rTMS, and the control group included 9 subjects who underwent sham rTMS. The SCI patients in the experimental group underwent conventional rehabilitation therapy, and active rTMS was applied daily to the hotspot of the lesional hemisphere. The SCI patients in the control group underwent sham rTMS and conventional rehabilitation therapy. The participants in both the groups received therapy five days per week for six weeks. Latency, amplitude, and velocity were assessed before and after the six-week therapy period. A significant difference in post-treatment gains for the latency and velocity was observed between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the amplitude were observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that rTMS may be beneficial in improving motor recovery in the lower extremities of subacute stage SCI patients.