Diagnosis and Post-Therapeutic Evaluation of Arteriovenous Malformations in Extremities Using Transarterial Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy

경동맥 폐관류 신티그라피를 이용한 상하지 동정맥 혈관기형의 진단과 치료 평가

  • Chung, Hyun-Woo (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Joon-Young (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Young-Wook (Departments of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Ik (Departments of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Do, Young-Soo (Departments of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Jeong (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Su-Jin (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Young-Seok (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Hyun, Seung-Hyup (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-Han (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Byung-Tae (Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • 정현우 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 최준영 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 김영욱 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 외과) ;
  • 김동익 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 외과) ;
  • 도영수 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 이은정 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 이수진 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 조영석 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 현승협 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 이경한 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과) ;
  • 김병태 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 핵의학과)
  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

Purpose: Differential diagnosis between arteriovenous (AVMs) aud non-arteriovenous malformations (nAVMs) is important in patients with congenital vascular malformations, because AVMs can cause hemodynamic alteration and require immediate treatment. We investigated whether transarterial lung perfusion scintigraphy (TLPS) was useful for the diagnosis and post-therapeutic evaluation of AVMs in extremities. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (M:F=26:31, $21{\pm}13$ yr, 9 upper and 48 lower extremities) suspected of congenital vascular malformations in extremities underwent TLPS using $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ before embolization/sclerotherapy. Dose-corrected shunt fraction (SF) was calculated from time-activity curve of the lung. Final diagnosis of AVMs was determined by angiography. in patients with AVMs, follow-up TLPS was done for post-therapeutic evaluation. Results: Sixteen patients (8 upper and 8 lower extremities) had AVMs, while the remaining 41 had nAVMs (1 upper and 40 lower extremities). The mean SF of AVMs on TLPS was significantly higher than that of nAVMs ($66.4{\pm}25.8%\;vs.\;2.8{\pm}4.3%$), p=0.003). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TLPS (cut-off of SF = 20.0%) in diagnosis of AVMs before treatment were 93.8% (15/16), 100% (41/41) and 98.2% (56/57), respectively. The follow-up TLPS and angiography for post-therapeutic evaluation showed concordant results in 13 of 16 patients (81.3%) with AVMs. The mean SF of TLPS was significantly decreased after embolization/sclerotherapy ($69.5{\pm}24.0%\;vs.\;41.0{\pm}34.7%$, p=0.01). Conclusion: TLPS provides hemodynamic information of AVMs in extremities semiquantitatively. Furthermore, the results of TLPS showed a high concordance rate with angiographic findings. Therefore, TLPS is useful for the diagnosis and post-therapeutic evaluation of AVMs in extremities.

목적: 동정맥 혈관기형은 혈역학적 변화를 일으켜 생명에 위험을 줄 수 있으므로, 사지의 선천성 혈관기형 환자에서 동정맥 혈관기형과 비동정맥 혈관기형을 정확히 감별진단 하는 것이 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 혈관조영술과 비교하여 경동맥 폐관류 신티그라피(transarterial lung perfusion scintigraphy, TLPS)가 선천성 혈관기형 중 상하지에 위치하는 동정맥 혈관기형의 진단과 치료 효과 평가에 유용한 지를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 색전술/경화요법 전에 처음 TLPS를 시행 받은 57명(나이: $21{\pm}13$세, 남:여 = 26:31)이 연구대상이 되었다. 병변의 위치는 상지가 9명이었고 하지가 48명이었다. TLPS에서 폐의 시간 방사능 곡선을 이용하여 혈액 단락량을 구하였다. 모든 환자들에서 혈관조영술을 시행하여 혈관기형의 해부학적 및 혈역학적 평가를 하였다. 혈관조영술로 동전맥 혈관기형이 진단된 환자들은 치료 후 TLPS를 추적 시행하였다. 결과: 혈관조영술상 16명은 동정맥 혈관기형(상지 8명, 하지 8명), 나머지 41명은 비동정맥 혈관기형(상지 1명, 하지 40명)으로 진단되었다. 동정맥 혈관기형 환자들의 치료 전 평균 혈액 단락량은 비동정맥혈관기형 환자들에 비하여 유의하게 높았다($66.4{\pm}25.8%\;vs.\;2.8{\pm}4.3%$, p<0.0001). TLPS의 치료 전 상하지 동정맥 혈관기형을 진단하는 예민도와 특이도, 정확도는 각각 93.8% (15/16), 100% (41/41), 98.2% (56/57)이었다(혈액 단락량 기준 역치 = 20%). 동정맥 혈관기형 환자 16명은 추적 TLPS를 시행하였고 이 중 13명은 치료 평가에서 혈관조영술과 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다(81.3%). 색전술/경화요법 시행 후 TLPS 혈액 단락량은 유의하게 감소하였다($69.5{\pm}24.0%\;vs.\;41.0{\pm}34.7%$, p = 0.01). 결론: TLPS는 상하지동정맥 혈관기형에서 혈액 단락량의 반정량적인 정보를 제공해주며 혈관 조영술과 높은 검사결과 일치도를 보여주었다. 그러므로, TLPS는 상하지 동정맥 혈관기형의 진단과 치료 평가에 유용하다.

Keywords

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