• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2014

A survey was conducted to identify the occurrence of problematic weed species on the Dioscorea oppostifolia fields in South Korea. Total 43 sites of the 8 different regions in S. Korea were investigated from May to October, 2014. In yam fields, the identified weeds were distributed in 11 families and 44 species. The exotic plants were identified as 3 families, 10 genera, 10 species. The vegetation of Dioscorea oppostifolia fields was classified into communities of 7 groups by methods of the Zurich-Montpellier school of phytosociology (Xanthium canadense Community, Bidens frondosa Community, Echinochloa oryzoides Community, Eclipta prostrata Community, Portulaca oleracea Community, Centipeda minima Community, Rorippa islandica Community). The weeds occurred in Dioscorea oppostifolia fields were divided into three groups in principal component plot analysis (PCA). Without weed control, yields loss in yam production was reached up to 82% as compared to weed controlled fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.112-120
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• 2006

It is possible to divide the historical changes of slope revegetation in Japan into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948), 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958), 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$), 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$), 5) The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-). Recently main purpose of slope revegetation has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period. It is said that the role of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology(JSRT) is critical to the history of slope revegetation in Japan. 'The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration' was announced by JSRT in 2004. In the guidelines, it was proposed that the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the each construction sites. Moreover, the use of soil seed bank is the new and important study theme in the field of nature restoration. Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing. Finally, some critical concepts are necessary to develop the field of restoration in Korea as follows; 1) monitoring of constructed sites, 2) ensuring of biodiversity, 3) recognition of slow revegetation and mosaic arrangement in revegetation, 4) reuse and recycle on the construction sites, and 5) promotion of specialist.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

The ichthyofauna and fish community were studied in Miho Stream from May 2004 to August 2005. During the surveyed period 41 species belonging to 10 families were collected. Twelve of the species (29.3%) are endemic to Korea. Exotic fishes were Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides. Dominant species was Zacco platypus (54.7%). Comparing the present result with that of Son (1982), the indices of diversity,evenness and richness were lower and the dominance index was higher; Lampetra reissneri, Anguilla japonica, Acheilognathus macropterus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pseudopungtungia nigra, Gobiobotia naktongensis, Lefua costata, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Monopterus albus and Iksookimia choii did not appear; Carassius auratus, Rhodeus uyekii, Rhodeus notatus, Acheilognathus lanceolatus, Pseudogobio esocinus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Cobitis lutheri, Iksookimia koreensis, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, and Rhinogobius brunneus, remarkably decreased, and Z. platypus, Pseudorasbora parva, and Squalidus gracilis majimae increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

The historical changes of seeding work in Japan, the typical slope revegetation method, is possible to divide into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948) 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958) 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$) 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$) 5)The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-) The evaluation basis of vegetated condition after slope seeding has been described to a official guide book, "The Standards of Slope Stabilizing Works" It was mainly revised three times after first edition in 1972, and also the point of evaluation basis changed from the vegetation coverage to the density of woody plant through the 3rd period and the 4th period Recently main purpose of slope seeding has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period, and "The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration" was announced by The Slope Revegetation Section of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology in 2004. It was proposed the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the real each construction sites Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.210-221
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigte the visual preference and response between introduced and native trees for utilization of the south native trees in interior space. 1. The intensity of illumination was below 500lux at 24 buildings of interior spaces surveyed. Generally the temperature was 24~$26^{\circ}C$, and humidity was 60~70%. 2. Total number of introduced tree species were 9 familiar, 16 genus, 18 species, especially palm genus were the largest tree among them at these surveyed interior spaces, but native trees were only 2 species. The introduced tree of 2 to 3m in height was 46 percent, and the case of 1.2 to 2m was 42 percent. 3. The mean of visual preference was the highest at Rhapis excelsa and howeia belmoreana, and followed with Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphllum macropodum, Listsea japonicum. In the mean of visual preference for selected tree groups, native tree was not different as compared with introduced tree. 4. Visual image factor of the native and introduced trees at interior spaces was classified by individual factor and emotional factor. These 2 factors were shown 66.5% total variance. The native tree was strongly recognized on individual factor, as , and introduced tree was also strongly recognized on emotional factor. 5. In the analysis of visual preference and image, a difference between the selected groups of the introduced and native trees were not shown significant, and the introduced trees were similar to the native trees on the visual image. This result was as follow There was an analogy between Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There is an analogy between Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Cinnamomum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphyllum macropo여, Listsea japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Dracaena fragranse, Ficus elastica, Monstera deliciosa.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

In this study, we identified wood species used in manufacturing Streetcar No. 381 from Seoul Museum of History. This Streetcar No. 381 is an important cultural heritage as one of the 2 streetcars remained in Seoul. It is important to preserve this streetcar through restoration and to maintain without any damage or degradation. The information on species of wood members should be needed for its original restoration. Thus, 6 interior and 1 exterior wood members were sampled and identified microscopically. Among the 7 wood members identified, 2 were found to be douglas-fir ($Pseudotsuga$), 2 lauan ($Shorea$), 1 exotic hard pine of ponderosa group ($Pinus$), 1 larch ($Larix$), and 1 oak of cerris group ($Quercus$), respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2016

Background: The objectives of this study were to establish a swimming capability model for largemouth bass using the FishXing (version 3) program, and to determine the swimming speed and feasibility of fish passage through a waterway tunnel. This modeling aimed to replicate the waterway tunnel connecting the Andong and Imha Reservoirs in South Korea, where there is a concern that largemouth bass may be able to pass through this structure. As largemouth bass are considered an invasive species, this spread could have repercussions for the local environment. Results: Flow regime of water through the waterway tunnel was calculated via the simulation of waterway tunnel operation, and the capability of largemouth bass to pass through the waterway tunnel was then estimated. The swimming speed and distance of the largemouth bass had a positive linear function with total length and negative linear function with the flow rate of the waterway tunnel. The passing rate of small-size largemouth bass (10-30 cm) was 0%at a flow of $10m^3/s$ due to rapid exhaustion from prolonged upstream swimming through the long (1.952 km) waterway tunnel. Conclusions: The results of FishXing showed that the potential passing rate of large size largemouth bass (>40 cm) through the waterway tunnel was greater than 10%; however, the passage of largemouth bass was not possible because of the mesh size ($3.4{\times}6.0cm$) of the pre-screening structures at the entrance of the waterway tunnel. Overall, this study suggests that the spread of largemouth bass population in the Imha Reservoir through the waterway tunnel is most likely impossible.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

The frost heave process from repeated freezing and thawing actions in winter on forest road cut-slopes is important for forest road maintenance and management. This study investigated the damages of the forest heave process on forest road cut-slopes by measuring the changes in the road-cut surface elevation and sediment production and by conducting vegetation surveys which were aimed at providing information for forest road maintenance plans. The temperature and humidity differences were determined between the north and south cut-slopes. T-test showed that the north slope had a lower temperature and humidity than that of the south slope. Field observations also confirmed frozen soils on the north slopes, indicating that the north slopes are susceptible to frost heave. Sediment was converted to dry weight per unit area ($g/m^2$). T-test showed that the north slope produced more sediment than that of the south slope. The study confirmed that more frost heave occurred on the north cut-slopes than on the south cut-slopes. Vegetation surveys were conducted on five cut-slope plots. Considering the dominant species found above the cut-slopes, vegetations in all the plots are expected to succeed to pine and oak in the future. The dominant species appearing on the cut-slopes of the study area were exotic species because the elapsed time of the site was only 2 - 4 years.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.772-780
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• 2010

The golden apple snail-Pomacea canaliculata was an alien species and introduced into Korea as table use in 1983. This species is possible pest in direct seeded rice paddy in Korea. We investigated the effects of this exotic snail on the macrophytes and the water quality in water canal. Also, the basic life cycle of this species and the overwintering ecology in Chungnam and Jeonbuk province were elucidated. A survey of natural water canal in Korea showed that high densities of the snail were associated with absences of macrophytes-Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna perpusilla. Experiments in water tank also demonstrated that the golden apple snail can cause the loss of macrophytes, and increase the EC(Electric conductivity), COD(Chemical oxygen demand), T-N(Total nitrogen) and T-P(Total phosphorus) in water.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2021

This study is the first official report on the wild habitats of alien species, Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in Republic of Korea. On July 24, 2020, two P.unifilis were observed basking on rocks at 33°30'20.08"N 126°38'0.23"E, Waheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju. One individual had a yellow spots on the head where as the other contains black spot. Our observatory site is close to road and easy access to people. Thus, these individuals were believed to be released in the pond after raising as pets. Recently, the number of alien turtles identified in wild(etc. lake, resevoir) is increasing, which is predicted to damage the aquatic ecosystem due to the inflow of exotic turtles. So, it is necessary to improve the people's awareness of alien species through citizen science projects and environmental education. We suggest that research on habitat adaptation, reproduction and management through continuous monitoring is needed in the future.