• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to propose postoperative rehabilitation for foot fracture in Korean Medicine and to report its effectiveness. There were three patients who were got foot fracture surgery received korean medicine with acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping and exercise treatment. Patients were evaluated numeric rating scale (NRS), range of motion (ROM), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot score, foot function index (FFI) and EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index. Case 1 and 2 were improved NRS from 6 to 3. Case 3 was improved NRS from 5 to 2. These cases were improved ROM in all directions, AOFAS score, FFI, EQ-5D and walking status. This study suggest that Korean medicine rehabilitation could be effective for patients who have received foot fracture operation.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2018

Recently, The ministry of Environment in korea have introduced Euro-6d temp which was strengthened at the same time as Europe. Small Light-duty passenger vehicles need the SCR system of after-treatment to meet enhanced emission regulations. However, SCR system has a low conversion efficiency in a low temperature less than 200 degree. In this study, the NOx conversion efficiency of SCR system was analyzed by installing a NOx sensors and a temperature sensors in a diesel vehicle. Also, in order to analyze the effect of the cold-start, the test was performed on the same RDE route and compared with the test of hot-start. As a result, SCR system has characteristics of low conversion efficiency under cold-start conditions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2023

The European Union has instituted a new emission standard protocol that necessitates real-time measurements from vehicles on actual roads. The adequate development of routes for real driving emissions (RDE) mandates substantial resources, encompassing both vehicles and a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). In this study, a simulation tool was utilized to predict the vehicle speed traversing the routes developed for the RDE measurements. Initially, the vehicle powertrain system was modeled for both a gasoline hybrid vehicle and a gasoline engine-only vehicle. Subsequently, the speed profile for the specified vehicle was constructed based on the RDE route developed for the EURO-6 standard. Finally, the predicted vehicle speed profiles for highway and urban routes were assessed utilizing the actual driving data. The driving model predicted more consistency in the vehicle speed at each driving section. Meanwhile, the human driver tended to accelerate further, and then decelerate in each section, instead of cruising at a predicted section speed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7555-7559
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• 2015

Background: CML includes 30% of all leukemias, and occurs from childhood to old age. The present study was a retrospective analysis of chronic phase CML patients registered to a Hematology Clinic in Kermanshah, Iran, with checking of treatment options. Materials and Methods: Between 2002 and 2014, 85 CML patients referred to our hematology clinic were enrolled in our study. We surveyed age, sex, B-symptoms, splenomegaly, Sokal score, Hasford score, treatment and survival in all patients. Philadelphia chromosome analysis was conducted for each patient by conventional cytogenetics. We compared treatment in the patients with three drugs, imatinib, hydroxyurea (HU) and interferon alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$). Results: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was $47.5{\pm}14.5years$ (range, 23-82 years), with 43 (50.6%) being male. Some 13 (15.3%) were referred to our clinic for the first time with B-symptoms and 44 patients (51.8%) had splenomegaly. The Sokal score for 77 (90.6%) was low, 4 (4.7%) was intermediate and 4(4.7%) was high, but Hasford (Euro) scores for all patients were low. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients with imatinib, imatinib plus HU and imatinib plus HU plus IFN-${\alpha}$ was 90.5%, 81.1% and 55.6%, respectively Conclusions: The results show that imatinib therapy alone provides better survival in CML patients compared to HU or IFN-${\alpha}$. Combinations of IFN-${\alpha}$ and/or HU with imatinib probably reduce survival.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.252-264
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• 2023

Background: The primary aim of this study is to statistically analyze and compare the difference in treatment outcomes based on the frequency and duration of acupotomy treatment for lumbar disk herniation. Methods: The evaluation of efficacy and safety involved using visual analog scale (VAS), numeric rating scale (NRS), Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), EuroQol 5-dimention (EQ-5D), and similar parameters. This was achieved through the establishment of a comparable cohort using propensity score matching. Group A comprised 46 patients who underwent 4 sessions of acupotomy treatment for 2 weeks, while Group B consisted of 15 patients who received 6 acupotomy sessions for 3 weeks. Results: For Group A, the average amount of change in VAS values at weeks 4 and 6 was significantly decreased. However, the average amount of change in RMDQ values was not significant. Notably, the average amount of change of EQ-5D values at week 6 increased significantly. As for Group B, the average amount of change of NRS values in weeks 2 and 3 was significantly decreased. Conversely, the average amount of change in RMDQ and EQ-5D values was not significant. In comparing the 2 groups at the final follow-up, the average amount of change in all evaluation values was not significant. Further, no significant interaction effect was observed in the changes over time in all evaluation values between the 2 groups. Conclusion: This study establishes that there was no statistically significant difference in pain reduction, functional impairment, and quality of life improvement between 2 group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.413-421
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• 1999

배경: 폐장의 허혈-재관류 손상은 폐이식에서 발생하는 조기 이식장기 실패의 주요 원인의 하나로 알려져 있다. 최근 갑상선 호르몬의 활성형인 삼요드티로닌 (T3)이 심장을 비롯한 여러 장기의 허혈 손상을 줄여주는 효과가 있음을 시사하는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 T3의 허혈-재관류 손상에 대한 효과가 폐장의 허혈 손상에도 효과가 있을 것으로 기대하고 덱스트란을 주성분으로 하는 세포외액성 폐보존액에 T3를 추가한 새로운 폐보존액을 제조하여 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 12마리의 황견을 6마리씩 두 군으로 나누어 제 1군에서는 새로 개발한 폐보존액을 사용하고, 제 2군에서는 유로콜린스 용액을 사용하여 폐를 적출 하였다. 적출한 폐장은 각각의 보존액에 담그어 섭씨 4도에서 20시간 보관한 후, 각 군에 6마리씩 총 12례의 좌측 폐이식을 시행하였다. 이식된 좌측폐만의 기능을 관찰하기 위해서 폐이식 후 재관류를 15분시킨 후에 우측 주폐동맥과 우측 주기관지를 결찰하고, 2시간 동안 혈역학적 변수와 가스분석을 시행하고, 측정이 종료된 후 바로 희생하여 폐조직 일부를 떼어내어 조직검사와 수분 함량 및 MDA양을 측정 비교하였다. 결과: 동맥혈 산소분압은 제 1군에서 재관류 후 60분, 90분 120분에 각각 147$\pm$25 mmHg, 148$\pm$22 mmHg, 159$\pm$21 mmHg, 제 2군에서는 각각 133$\pm$26 mmHg, 132$\pm$29 mmHg, 135$\pm$30 mmHg로 제 1군에서 조금 높은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의성은 없었다. 각 시간에서의 최대 흡기압은 제 1군에서 14.0$\pm$0.5 cmH2O, 14.2$\pm$0.6 cmH2O, 15.7$\pm$0.8 cmH2O, 제 2군에서는 17.8$\pm$2.0 cmH2O, 18.0$\pm$1.9 cmH2O, 19.3$\pm$2.7 cmH2O으로 제 1군에서 조금 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압은 제 1군에서 각 시간에 27.9$\pm$2.2 mmHg, 27.7$\pm$2.4 mmHg, 28.0$\pm$3.0 mmHg, 제 2군에서는 36.8$\pm$6.0 mmHg, 43.2$\pm$8.1 mmHg, 53.1$\pm$17.4 mmHg로 제 1군에서 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 폐혈관 저항 및 조직 MDA양은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 폐 조직 수분 함량은 제 1군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 조직학 검사상 폐조직 손상의 정도도 제 1군에서 적었다. 결론: 이상의 결과에서 T3를 포함한 새로 개발한 폐보존액이 유로콜린스 용액과 비교하여 폐보존능이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 T3가 폐이식시 폐장의 효과적 보존에 유용한 역할을 함을 시사하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2015

Objectives: In Korea, the percentage of elderly is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and is expected to account for 40% of the population by 2060. This massive demographic change stresses the importance of research on aging as it is necessary to improve the quality of life (QoL) of this population. This study aimed to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the rural elderly and to clarify its association with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in S-gun, Chonbuk, a critical agricultural area. The elderly people without abnormal physical functioning composed our study population and the data were collected by personal visits to 336 elderly people aged over 65 years (110 males and 226 females). Subjects were interviewed with questionnaires pertaining to general characteristics and EuroQol (EQ-5D). Nutrient intakes were assessed two days by 24-hours recall method. Subjects were defined as high QOL group if EQ-5D index with Nam's model was above the median. Results: Generally, EQ-5D index was lower in women than in man, and lower in older subjects than in younger subjects. The percentages of people below the median were 42% (low QoL group) and 58% (high QoL group) were found to be the above the median. The high QoL group had higher NAR, especially for vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and folate. All dimensions in the EQ-5D were affected by NAR of some nutrients and especially anxiety/depression dimension was significantly correlated with NAR of 5 nutrients (protein, calcium, iron, vitamin C and vitamin B1) and EQ-5D scores. Conclusions: HRQol was significantly reduced in elderly with increasing age and this was more pronounced in women than in man. The NAR of some nutrients were associated with the EQ-5D index, especially anxiety/depression dimension, among rural elderly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.608-616
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, sense of community and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on HRQoL. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 249 middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community in A-County, K Province. The structured questionnaire included 4 scales from the Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and measures of General Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Sense of Community. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. Results: The mean HRQoL score for the participants was $0.87{\pm}0.13$. Self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.13, p=.039) and age (${\beta}$= -.38, p<.001) were significantly associated with HRQoL, explaining 21% of the variance. In the path analysis, self-efficacy showed a significant direct effect on HRQoL (${\beta}$=.14, p=.040) and significantly mediating relationships between both social support (${\beta}$=.05, p=.030) and sense of community (${\beta}$=.02, p=.025) and HRQoL. Conclusion: Although self-efficacy was found to be the main predictor for HRQoL, the findings imply that social environmental factors such as social support and sense of community need to be considered when developing interventions to increase HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly residents in rural communities.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2015

현행 배기가스규제인 유로6을 대응하기 위해선 질소산화물과 메탄의 배출량을 크게 저감시켜야 하는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 부분부하운전조건에서 밸브오버랩 감소가 수소-천연가스엔진의 연소 및 배기특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 각 연료와 기존캠 및 밸브오버랩이 감소된 변경캠에 대하여 연소 및 배기특성을 분석하였다. 실험결과 변경캠을 사용하였을 때 열효율이 감소하고 연료유량이 증가하였다. 열효율 감소로 인하여 메탄과 이산화탄소의 배출량은 증가하였다. 희박한 운전조건에서 질소산화물 배출량은 기존캠 대비 감소하였다. 동일한 연료 및 운전조건에서는 효율과 배기특성에 악영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 연비손실 없이 높은 $NO_X$ 저감성능을 보이는 승용 디젤 엔진의 SCR 시스템을 위한 요소수의 분사전략을 제시하였다. 배출되는 $NO_X$량 대비 요소수가 화학량론적 1:1인 피드포워드 분사 전략과 함께 모델기반의 촉매 내 $NH_3$ 흡장률 추정 기법을 통하여 피드백 분사 제어전략을 함께 사용함으로써 과도상태에서 $NO_X$ 저감성능과 $NH_3$ 슬립 성능을 모두 만족시키고자 하였다. 제안된 분사전략을 적용하여 디젤산화촉매기와, 미립자필터가 장착된 2.2L 디젤 엔진을 갖춘 실제 차량에서의 실험을 통하여 제어기의 높은 $NO_X$ 저감률과 낮은 $NH_3$ 슬립 성능을 검증하였다.