• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

EGR system has been widely used to reduce NOx emission in light duty diesel engines, but its application to heavy duty diesel engine is not common yet. In this study, simulation model for EURO-3 engine was developed using commercial code WAVE and then verified by comparison with experimental results in performance and emission. Possibility to meet EURO-4 regulation using modified EURO-3 engine with LPL EGR system was studied. Each components of the engine was modeled using CATIA and WaveMesher. The engine test mode was ESC 13 and injection timing and quantity were changed to compensate engine performances, because applying EGR causes power reduction. As a results of the simulation, it was found that EURO-4 NOx regulation could be achieved by applying LPL EGR system to current EURO-3 engine even with some BSFC deterioration.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.317-342
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• 2017

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.12-17
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• 2007

Recently, many small and medium size diesel vehicles have been equipped with turbocharger and EGR system to get high performance and reduce $NO_x$ emissions but its application to heavy-duty diesel engine is not common yet. In this work, the simulation model for EURO-3 engine was developed using WAVE and then its performance and emission level were verified by comparing with experimental results. The possibility of current EURO-3 engine equipped with LPL EGR system which would be satisfied the EURO-5 regulation are examined. ESC 13 mode was chosen as the primary engine test mode, and the injection timing and fuel quantity were changed to compensate the lost engine performance caused by EGR. The system developed in this study shows that the current EURO-3 engine could satisfy EURO-5 $NO_x$ regulation by applying LPL EGR.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2024

The EU (European Union) was introduced Euro-6e in 2023. Recently, the EU prepare to introduce Euro-7. One of difference Euro-6e and Euro-7 is test route condition. This study developed 5 test routes that have different characteristics and severity. The severity of test routes was made by traffic and road gradient. And this study was conducted RDE test on 5 test routes for Light-Duty diesel vehicle (Euro-6d). Based on the test results, the emission characteristics of CO₂ and NOx were analyzed according to the severity of the test routes. Especially, 4 test routes were satisfied normal driving condition of Euro-7 and other test route was satisfied extended driving condition of Euro-7.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2013

In this paper, we have implemented an overflow valve for EURO5 Type and the performance evaluation system based on IEEE802 protocol. On injecting a diesel oil into an engine, it is necessity for an overflow valve that can sustain an engine oil status in front of the engine. In order to evaluate the performance of overflow valve, we need the leak test system with IT. The leak test system checks the pressure, switching time and operating time.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.659-666
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• 2006

EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation) systems are extensively used to reduce NOx emissions in light duty diesel engine but its application to heavy duty diesel engines is yet to be widely implemented. In this study, the simulation model for a EURO 3 engine was developed using WAVE and then its performance and emission levels were verified with experimental results. The possibility of operating a EURO 3 engine with LPL EGR system to satisfy the EURO 4 regulation was investigated. Each component of the engine was modeled using CATIA and WaveMesher. The engine test mode was ESC 13, and the injection timing and fuel quantity were changed to compensate for the reduction of engine power caused by applying EGR. As a result of the simulation, it was found that EURO 4 NOx regulation could be satisfied by applying an LPL EGR system to the current EURO 3 engine.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

This paper was designed to investigate emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx and PM) from 134 diesel and gasoline passenger cars based on emission standards according to fuel additives. The experiments using chassis dynamometer were conducted under NEDC and CVS-75 modes. Comparison for fuel additive management and test between Korea, USA, EU and Japan, Korea was more strict than others. The fuel additives of this study was satisfied within fuel manufacturing standards. For with/without fuel additives according to diesel emission standards, NOx of EURO 4 and EURO 5 showed a relatively similar tendency. In the case of PM reduction rate, EURO 5 was over 20% increased than EURO 4. In the case of standard deviation/average ratio for gasoline vehicles, variation interval was big for LEV 23.3~58% and ULEV 31.6~56.4%. Following the imposition of stricter regulations (EURO 5 and ULEV), difference rate for standard deviation was big. Especially, in the case of diesel vehicles, difference rate for NOx 68% and PM 48% was most big. The results of present study will be of assistance in completing the legislative process and will provide basic data to set up emission standards for fuel additives in Korea.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.361-383
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• 2013

We find that institutional quality of an individual country was highly and significantly correlated with its economic performance in the euro area. We argue that governance reforms proposed at present do not suffice to resolving the fundamental problems of the EMU governance system unless disparities of institutional quality in member states are dissolved. Regarding regional integration, East Asia is far behind the Eurozone not only in institutional elements of the governance system but also in institutional quality at the level of individual nations.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2012

The Eurozone was launched to set a goal on using the single currency perfectly in 1999. Using the Euro could get rid of exchange cost and cost of Foreign exchange risk management which was approximately 1% of each member's GDP. It was possible that members has maintained a stable level of inflation and stimulate investment and employment with low interest rate. In addition, they could lead to economic growth and investment as well as increase the Euro demand in financial market. Especially, members has used the Euro as the method of payment on trade each other so that the volume of trade among the Eurozone members has increased continuously which was called "the effect of single market." This paper analyzes the correlation between using the Euro and members' export/import by using random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation. As a result, Eurozone members can get export decreasing effect of 4.68% and import increasing effect of 10.5% respectively on average by using the Euro.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

The mortality rate of car-pedestrian accidents is quite high compared to the frequency of accident. Recently, governments and insurance companies tend to establish and implement new safety standards for pedestrian protection such as EURO-NCAP and K-NCAP. The performance for the pedestrian protection has been gradually improved, but it is still insufficient. Therefore, various studies for the pedestrian protection are being carried out. The car-pedestrian accident is simulated in order to study to the upper legform test of the EURO-NCAP protocol. A pedestrian dummy model is employed and the results are discussed.