• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.111-129
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• 1999

In order to get some basic data to check the environmental sound function against soil and water pollution and the safe vegetable production by korean organic farming where an internationally recognized basic concepts of soil fertility management for organic farming is not practiced and only applying the organic fertilizer to maintain the soil fertility, the chemical characteristics of soils and $NO_{3}^{-}$ content of chinese cabbage and lettuce cultivated by the conventional farming, greenhouse cultivation and organic farming were investigated. The highest value of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N in 0~30cm subsoil among the three different farming systems was found in the subsoil of organic farming and it was 3.6 and 6.6 times higher than those of conventional farming in chinese cabbage and lettuce respectively. $P_2O_5$ accumulation in the rhizosphere by organic farming also showed the highest value. The accumulation of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N and $P_2O_5$ in organic farming soil were similar or even more higher to those of greenhouse cultivation. The $NO_{3}^{-}$ accumulation in the vegetable by organic farming reached 3224ppm for chinese cabbage and 2543ppm for lettuce, and it were 4.7 and 6.4 times higher than those by conventional farming. It was concluded that there is urgently necessary to introduce the main concepts of soil fertility management of the Basic Standard of IFOAM, EU regulation and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius on organic agriculture(draft) into korean organic agriculture for the operation of environmental sound system and the production of sate vegetable in terms of $NO_{3}^{-}$ content.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2017

Regulation for the testing and operation of automated vehicles on public roadways has been recently developed all over the world. For example, the licensing standards and the evaluation technology for automated vehicles have been proposed in California, Nevada and EU. But specific safety evaluation scenarios for automated vehicles have not been proposed yet. This paper presents safety evaluation scenarios for extraordinary service permission of automated vehicles on highways. A total of seven scenarios are selected in consideration of safety priority and real traffic situation. Six scenarios are relevant with lane keeping and one scenario is relevant with lane change. All scenarios are developed based on existing ADAS evaluation scenarios and repeated simulation of automated vehicle algorithm. Safety evaluation factors as well as scenarios are developed. The safety factors are based on existing ADAS ISO requirements, ADAS safety factors and current traffic regulations. For the scenarios, a hunter vehicle is needed in addition to automated vehicle evaluated. The hunter vehicle performs multiple roles like preceding vehicle, cut-in vehicle and so on. The hunter vehicle is also automated vehicle equipped with high performance GPS, radar and Lidar. All the scenarios can be implemented by driving a lap on a KATRI ITS test track. These scenarios and safety evaluation factors are investigated via both a computer simulation and an experimental vehicle test on the test track. The experimental vehicle test was conducted with two automated vehicles, which are the evaluated vehicle and the hunter vehicle.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.117-142
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• 2014

반덤핑제도는 정상가격 이하로 판매되는 덤핑 수입으로 인해 야기되는 국내 산업에 대한 피해를 구제하기 위한 관세조치로서, 상계관세제도, 세이프가드와 함께 대표적인 무역구제 제도이다. 중국의 경우 반덤핑 관련 법령에서 행정재심사 관련 내용을 포함하고 있는 법령으로는 '반덤핑조례', '반덤핑신규수출 자재심사 잠정규칙', '반덤핑 관세 환급 잠정규칙' 등이 있다. 중국의 반덤핑제도는 2002년 첫 조사 개시가 이루어진 후 2004년부터 시작하여 사건 수가 점차 많아지고 있다. 그러나 중국의 반덤핑조례가 금번 개정을 거쳐 구 조례에서 문제점으로 지적되어 오던 실효성과 구체성의 결여를 상당 부분 보완하는 등 획기적인 발전을 거두고 있다는 것 또한 부정할 수 없다. 동 조례는 기본적으로 WTO반 덤핑협정의 내용을 대부분 수용하고 있으며 일부 내용은 미국, EU등 선진국의 관련규정을 참조하여 도입하고 있다. 이러한 변화는 선례를 통한 예측 가능성을 보다 향상시키고 있다. WTO 가입을 계기로 중국은 WTO규범에 일치시키기 위해 국내법에 대해 폐지, 개정 작업을 하고 있다. 반덤핑법도 그 중의 한 부분이지만 WTO규범에 완전히 일치하는 제도적 장치를 마련하기까지는 많은 경험과 시간을 필요로 할 것으로 보인다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.53-73
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• 2010

본 연구는 우리나라 대표적 기업의 사례를 통하여 친환경공급사슬관리가 어떻게 운영되고 있는가를 살펴보면서 그 특성을 찾아보는 데 연구목적이 있다. 사례의 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출 할 수 있었다. 첫째, 환경 친화적 공급사슬관리 수준은 구매기업이 직면한 환경문제의 특성이 중요한 변수로 작용되고 있다. 둘째, 공급사슬관리에서 강조되고 있는 구매기업과 공급업체간 협력적 관계가 친환경공급사슬관리에서도 중요하게 작용하고 있다. 셋째, 산업별 특성 면에서 전자산업과 자동차산업 모두 소비재산업이라는 점에서는 동일하지만, 동인과 협력업체 관리 수준에서 어느 정도의 차이는 있었다. 마지막으로, 구매기업과 공급업체와의 친환경공급사슬관리가 1차 협력업체에 중점을 두고 있고, 2차 협력업체와의 구체적이고 정형화된 체제는 구축하지 못하고 있었다. 본 연구는 사례를 중심으로 한 탐색적 연구이기 때문에 연구결과를 일반화시키는 데는 한계가 있다. 그러나 향후 모델링을 통한 실증연구에 기초가 될 수 있을뿐만 아니라, 선도적 기업의 사례를 통하여 친환경공급사슬관리의 실제를 보여줌으로서 관련 기업들에게 시사점을 줄 수 있다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-57
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• 2004

Attempts were made to compare and analyze the policies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark concerning Korea's major problems associated with legal liability of the contaminated sites. These countries were chosen from a feasible preliminary analysis of 18 countries of the EU and the U. S. The major problems were revealed based on the analysis of Korean legacy and legislation, which are summarized as follows i) lack of clear detailed technical and legal guidance to determine the responsible party or parties of contaminated sites, ii) no distinction between the strict and non strict legal liability of innocent land owners, iii) no clearly set limit on retroactive legal liability. Comparison of the policies of countries chosen suggested improvements regarding these major problems as follows: i) activating national and international research on soil contamination prevention policy, ii) arranging distinct legal regulation between strict and non strict liability criteria, iii) establishing the limits on innocent and non strict liability, iv) establishing methodology and process of legal liability distribution and compensation, and v) establishing a legal process to redeem any benefit derived from remediation of contaminated sites with the public budget. Our policy suggestions above are not yet conclusive due to a lack of policy implementation simulation. Additional research is needed on aspects of social, economic and long term effects of the proposed policy directions. Nevertheless, application of the policy suggestions of this research would increase the efficacy of Korean policy regarding the survey and remediation of the potentially contaminated sites.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 2002

세계무역기구(WTO)의 기본통신협상에 따라 다수의 통신사업자가 통신시장에 진입하고, 특히, 1999년부터는 공기업들도 자회사를 통해 기간통신사업 허가를 받아 자가통신설비를 활용할 수 있도록 규제가 완화되어 왔다. 정보통신서비스사업 진출입에 대한 규제완화와 국내 정보통신 산업의 급속한 발달에 힘입어 일부 공기업을 비롯한 자가망 보유 회사들은 기존 통신사업자들의 통신망이 충분히 설치된 이후에도 자체 수요에 대처한다는 명분을 앞세워 통신망 분야에 투자를 확대하고 있다. 이와 같은 자가전기통신설비 구축은 국내 통신사업구도에도 커다란 변수로 등장하고 있으며 외국 기업에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 그러므로 자가통신망에 대한 국가적 정책은 정보통신망의 효율적 구축, 중복·과잉투자 방지, 공정경쟁 보장, 회계분리, 자회사 설립, 통신사업 구조조정, 국가경쟁력 강화 등 여러 측면에서 종합적으로 고려되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자가전기통신설비 현황 및 실태와 자가전기통신설비 관련 정책을 살펴보고, 외국의 자가통신망 실태와 관련 법·제도 둥을 비교·분석하여 자가전기통신설비에 관련한 효율적인 개선 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

In this study, the Korean veterinary medical devices management system was evaluated relative to systems in the USA, EU, and Japan. Veterinary medical devices are regulated in Korea based on the Medical Appliance Act of 1997. This was initially supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and Korea Animal Health Products Association, and subsequently by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) in 2000. These devices were classified approximately 1,400 categories as instruments, supplies, artificial insemination apparatus, and other categories. Each of these devices was assigned to four regulatory grades by the QIA in 2007. The ranking system for veterinary medical devices was implemented in 2014 with 820 products from 162 companies registered by that year. However, in vitro diagnostic devices (IVDDs) for animals were managed as medical devices and biological medicine. In vitro diagnostic reagents for treating infection diseases are not subjected to either a classification or grading system. Veterinary medical devices are currently exempt from good manufacturing practices (GMP) and device tracking requirements. Due to gradual growth of the domestic veterinary medical devices market since 2008, regulation of these devices should be improved with re-examination of IVDDs and GMP certification for the effective operating system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2008

As an attempt to search for bioactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract of Polytrichum commune Hedw (PCM) (Polytrichaceae) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. PCM potently inhibits the production of NO, $PGE_2$, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-6. Consistent with these results, PCM also concentration-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygase (COX)-2 at the protein levels, and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 at the mRNA levels without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophag cells. Furthermore, PCM inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-$\kappa$B) activation as determined by NF-$\kappa$B reporter gene assay, and this inhibition was associated with a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 NF-$\kappa$B. Taken together, these results suggest that PCM may play an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inhibitory regulation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 via NF-$\kappa$B inactivation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2005

Brominated flame retardants have the market share of 40%, comparing others because of their low cost and highly effective retardation against the flame. However, their toxic effects in human and properties of the accumulation in the environments have been issued among the international organization such as EU, OECD and etc. It, therefore, was surveyed the classification, toxic effects, and the usage of Brominated flame retardants, the trends for their managements in the world and Korea, and their contaminated levels in Korean Peninsula. In addition, the management directions for them were proposed. Penta, octa, and deca-BDE among brominated retardants will seem to be prohibited by the regulation as a flame retardants for plastics in Europe because of their toxic effects. Although Penta and Octa BDEs was used marginally in Korea, deca-BDE was 27% of brominated flame retardants (49,050 ton) which had been used in 2002. However, risk assessment for brominated retardants might not launched in Korea, yet. These reports demonstrate that toxic brominated retardants such as PBDEs will be assessed for their usage and the level of contamination in the environment in the area of the point sources like the industrial areas, incinerators and etc. However, the law to regulate the hazardous chemicals seems not to be dictated the monitoring of their contamination in the environment. We, therefore, suggest how to evaluate and to monitor the toxic contaminants with EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) system. Further, to establish the management system of BFRs (such as the monitering of contamination levels in environments, life cycle assessment, and risk assessment for the toxic chemicals), It can be recommended the law to deal with the method analyzing chemicals will be established, which contains QA/QC (Quality Assurance and Quality Control) to evaluate the analytic capability of the companies to prepare EIS (Environment Impact Statement) or other institutes for analyzing chemicals.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4987-4998
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• 2014

최근 공산품에 나노기술의 활용이 점점 확대되고 다양한 나노제품이 출시되면서 나노물질의 인체 및 환경에 대한 유해성 문제가 주요한 사안으로 대두되고 있다. 이러한 위험성을 인식하여 EU 및 미국 등에서는 나노물질에 대한 규제를 강화하는 추세이다. 그러나 현재 국내에는 나노관련 법규가 미흡한 형편이다. 무엇보다도 소비자에게 밀접한 공산품의 나노물질 규제정책은 소비자의 안전을 위해 시급히 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 규제정책 도입을 위한 기반연구로서 공산품에 함유된 나노물질에 대한 규제정책 도입을 위한 분석을 실시한다. 본 연구에서는 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) 기법을 적용하여 규제정책을 평가하고 가장 적합도가 높은 최적 규제정책을 선택한다. 규제정책은 자율규제, 제품라벨링, 정부등록제를 대상으로 하며 정책평가기준은 시행성(효과성), 경제성, 수용성, 보호성으로 설정한다. 평가 결과 최대 적합도를 가지는 제품라벨링 정책을 최적 규제정책으로 선택한다.