• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.570-585
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• 2012

The Korean national curriculum for secondary school emphasizes scientific problem solving. In line with the national curriculum, many educational studies have been conducted in relation to science education. The objects of these studies were well-defined and well-structured problems. The studies were criticized for overlooking ill-defined and ill-structured problems. Some research has dealt with problem finding in ill-structured problems, which is related to creativity. There is a need for a study of scientific problem finding process in an ill-structured problem situation, because this study will help teachers wanting to teach scientific problem-finding in an ill-structured problem situation. The objective of this study was to conduct an empirical study on the scientific problem finding process in an ill-structured problem situation. One task of scientific problem finding in an ill-structured problem situation was assigned to 92 university students; thereafter, 32 of them participated in the research through interviews. Results indicated that the scientific problem finding process depended on initial clues and tentative solutions. Initial clues were affected by students' experiences, such as major classes, films, and novels. Tentative solutions were influenced by background knowledge of the tasks. Students screened information browsed on the Internet. They applied some standards for selection, particularly emphasized reliability standards, which are supposed to be studied in other contexts. All the students used assumptions to make their problems appear probable, which could be a useful tool to articulate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1399-1408
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• 2007

This study was conducted to compare health and nutritional status of 45 home-living elderly people receiving free Meals on Wheels (MOW) (13 men, 32 women) and 81 low income class elderly people receiving free congregate meals (CM) (10 men, 71 women) served in Seoul. Data were obtained from questionnaires, anthropometry and interviews for the 24-hour dietary recall methods. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age and body mass index. Education level, type of housing, family type and income of the two groups also were not significantly different. In MOW, frequencies of exercise were lower while the prevalence of stroke, respiratory disease and loneliness were higher, compared with the CM. The scores of ADL, IADL and food habit of MOW were lower than those of CM. The average daily nutritional intake of both MOW and CM were as a whole under the DRI for Koreans. Energy and macro-nutrient intakes of MOW were tended to be lower than CM (except protein intakes for female). Ca, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C and folate intakes of MOW were less than 50% of DRI. Percentages of subjects consuming energy less than 75% of EER and 4 nutrients intakes less than EAR were higher in MOW (42.2%) than in CM (1.2%). Our results indicated that dietary nutritional status of MOW was very poor, especially in the case of female elderly groups. For the welfare of the home-living elderly people receiving free MOW, meal service programs should be improved in quality of diet by national supports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to arrange for the systematic execution of safety control in children's foods through nutrition and hygiene standard suggestions and guidelines for quality certification system in children's preferable food. Aiming to achieve this objective, the study researched the present status of children’s preferable food sold near elementary schools, elicited the hazards and problems of those foods and selected nutritional and hygienic hazard components in those foods. To suggest the standards and guidelines for quality certification in children's preferable food, the study referred to sundry records, surveyed the practical cases of relevant policies and standards at home and abroad. We studied the standard of nutrition for the quality certification in those foods for sugar, fat, sodium, and additives (tar color: red No. 2 in a ban on use, caffeine), microorganism (aflatoxin $B_1$ (${\mu}g$/kg) and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp.), which are the nutrients that may hamper health when taken in a large amount, and the standard for a diet restricted to under 200 kcal per one serving size. Results of distribution of processed foods (242 samples) by nutrition standards were as follows. In case of all ‘low’ level in total sugar, total fat and sodium, 0.4% of total samples was possible to be certified, In case of all ‘medium’ level in total sugar, total fat and sodium, maximumly 22.3% of total samples was possible to be certified. In case of all medium level in nutrients and $\leq$200 kcal/serving, 17.8% of total samples was possible to be certified. Certified food types was milk products and beverages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1543-1550
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the eating habits, dietary intake patterns and nutrient intake status of children with and without atopic dermatitis by questionnaire during July, 2008. A total 388 subjects of 5th and 6th grade elementary school children (AG: atopic group, n=65, NG: non-atopic group, n=323) in Seoul and Ulsan areas participated in this study. The questionnaire included general characteristics, dietary habits, and atopy-related food frequency. One-day 24 hour recall was collected to estimate nutrient intakes of the subjects. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test for food frequency analysis and by t-test for nutrient intakes. Atopy-related foods included milk, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, crab, egg, mackerel, peach, and tomato. From the findings, AG had a more irregular eating habit than NG (p<0.05). In case of food frequency, AG tended to consume more atopy-related foods than NG (p>0.05). The nutrient intakes of AG were significantly lower than those of NG (p<0.05), but only intake of animal iron in AG was higher than NG (p<0.05). NG consumed more protein than AG (p<0.05). Although milk was a noted hypersensitive allergic food, frequency and the amount of milk intake were not significantly different between two groups. In conclusion, atopic children had eaten more atopy-related foods and less nutrient intakes. Therefore, it is necessary to educate on good nutrition and guide atopic children and their parents.