• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2009

In this paper, implementation of an ensemble transport interface (ETI) adapter for multimedia services based on terrestrial-digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) is introduced. In general, ETI adapter should manipulate three functions: receiving packets packing multimedia data from service providers, configuring an ETI frame (G.703) from these data, and transmitting these frames to T-DMB multiplexer. To achieve these roles, the proposed ETI adapter consists of the network management module for data transmission and flow control between service providers and this adapter, the ETI configuration module for gathering data and then making ETI frames, and the hardware board for pushing ETI frames in real-time. The proposed adapter yielded faithful results without data lose on transmitting ETI frames to T-DMB multiplexer in the range of $64{\sim}1,153kbps$ specified in ETSI EN 300 401 after packing multimedia data received via Internet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.845-848
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• 2006

In this paper, a ETI management system for a variety of media services based on Terrestrial-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(T-DMB) is introduced. This system consists of DMB I/O board and DMB multiplexer. The system transforms media data stream over IP(TCP/IP or UDP/IP) for these services to ETI frame(G.703) pushed to T-DMB transmitter.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

In wireless mesh network, nodes are communicates as like as Ad-Hoc. Nodes of Wireless Mesh Network must have a good QoS and a algorithm for good path. ETX, ETT and WCETT are proposed Wireless Mesh Network routing methods. But these have Interference problem. This paper propose ETI(Expected Transmission Interference) based on ETT for good path selection. This paper show the algorithm and improved performance in simulation than other algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

최근 지상파 DMB 서비스를 위한 다중화 사업자들이 선정되어 이동 시에도 동영상을 포함하는 멀티미디어 방송 서비스를 위한 본방송을 준비하고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 다중화 사업자들은 송출되고 있는 방송의 상태를 확인하는 것이 필요하다. 더욱이, 지상파 DMB와 관련된 제품 및 서비스 개발자들은 필드 단위까지 방송 스트림을 상세하게 검토하려고 한다. 그러나, 현재 지상파 DMB 방송 스트림의 검증을 위한 방법이 제시되고 있지 않으며, 이를 위한 제품도 개발되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 지상파 DMB 서비스를 위한 방송 상태를 검증하고 방송 스트림의 상세 정보를 분석하기 위한 방법을 제안하고, 이를 구현한 ETI 프레임 검증 시스템을 개발하여 상용 지상파 DMB 전송 시스템에 적용하여 실험하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

In this letter, we present a layered structure of the Korean terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (TDMB) transmission system for multimedia broadcasting service and introduce a device called the Ensemble Remultiplexer which is designed to remultiplex the Ensemble Transport Interface (ETI) for T-DMB service. This letter describes the remultiplexing process of the Ensemble Remultiplexer.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.266-269
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• 2008

Layered structure of the Korean terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (TDMB) transmission system for multimedia broadcasting service is presented in this paper. We made a switching module which is called the Ensemble Remultiplexer. It is designed to remultiplex the Ensemble Transport Interface (ETI) for T-DMB service. This paper describes the remultiplexing process of the Ensemble Remultiplexer.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.703-706
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• 2009

The external electrode fluorescent lamp(EEFL) has recently been applied to backlight of LCD TV as a new light source. The dependence of the electro-optic characteristics of the EEFL used in direct-lit backlights on the glass thickness was examined in detail, and the ultraviolet(UV)-light efficiency was estimated. It was found that the lamp efficiency became larger as the glass thickness decreased if other conditions were the same.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.367-370
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• 2004

A new transmission system is necessary for the Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) service in Korea. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new architecture for the implementation of a DMB transmission system based on Eureka-147. We describe the design and implementation of the Ensemble remultiplexer, which is essential to the proposed system for remultiplexing ETI frames and MPEG-2 transport streams. The proposed system provides a solution with high flexibility and low cost for multimedia broadcasting service. The functions of this transmission system have been verified by using our DMB receiver and other related systems.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.503-511
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• 2019

As sessile organisms, plants have developed sophisticated system to defend themselves against microbial attack. Since plants do not have specialized immune cells, all plant cells appear to have the innate ability to recognize pathogens and turn on an appropriate defense response. The plant innate immune system has two major branches: PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The ability to discriminate between self and non-self is a fundamental feature of living organisms, and it is a prerequisite for the activation of plant defenses specific to microbial infection. Arabidopsis cells express receptors that detect extracellular molecules or structures of the microbes, which are called collectively PAMPs and activate PTI. However, nucleotidebinding site leucine-rich repeats (NB-LRR) proteins mediated ETI is induced by direct or indirect recognition of effector molecules encoded by avr genes. In Arabidopsis, plasmamembrane localized multifunctional protein RIN4 (RPM1-interacting protein 4) plays important role in both PTI and ETI. Previous studies have suggested that RIN4 functions as a negative regulator of PTI. In addition, many different bacterial effector proteins modify RIN4 to destabilize plant immunity and several NB-LRR proteins, including RPM1 (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 1), RPS2 (resistance to P. syringae 2) guard RIN4. This review summarizes the current studies that have described signaling mechanism of RIN4 function, modification of RIN4 by bacterial effectors and different interacting partner of RIN4 in defense related pathway. In addition, the emerging role of the RIN4 in plant physiology and intercellular signaling as it presents in exosomes will be discussed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2023

Purpose: Out-of-hospital traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) often has a poor prognosis despite rescue efforts. Although the incidence and mortality of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have increased, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has decreased in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the prehospital setting, immediate treatment of cardiac arrest is required without knowing the patient's COVID-19 status. Because COVID-19 is usually transmitted through the respiratory tract, airway management can put medical personnel at risk for infection. This study explored whether on-scene treatments involving CPR for TCA patients changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used data from emergency medical services (EMS) run sheets in Gangwon Province from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients whose initial problem was cardiac arrest and who received CPR were included. Data in 2019 were classified as pre-COVID-19 and all subsequent data (from 2020 and 2021) as post-COVID-19. Age, sex, possible cause of cardiac arrest, and treatments including airway maneuvers, oropharyngeal airway (OPA) or i-gel insertion, endotracheal intubation (ETI), bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation, intravenous (IV) line establishment, neck collar application, and wound dressing with hemostasis were investigated. Results: During the study period, 2,007 patients received CPR, of whom 596 patients had TCA and 367 had disease-origin cardiac arrest (DCA). Among the patients with TCA, 192 (32.2%) were pre-COVID-19 and 404 (67.8%) were post-COVID-19. In the TCA group, prehospital treatments did not decrease. The average frequencies were 59.7% for airway maneuvers, 47.5% for OPA, 57.4% for BVM, and 51.3% for neck collar application. The rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased. The treatment rate for TCA was significantly higher than that for DCA. Conclusions: Prehospital treatments by EMS workers for patients with TCA did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, the rates of ETI, i-gel insertion, and IV-line establishment increased.