• Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 1995

The measurments of neutral semiquinone radicals, which were formed from the laser flash photolysis of anthraquinone (AQ) in the mixed solvents were carried out by the time resolved electron spin resonance (trESR) spectroscopy. The chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) spectra of the neutral semiquinone radical (AQH${\cdot}$) and semiquinone radical anion (AQ${\cdot}$-) were successively detected in the laser flash photolysis of AQ in the mixtures of 2-propanol (PrOH) and triethylamine (TEA). The neutral semiquinone radical was short-lived with the half-life of 0.8 ${\mu}sec$, whereas the semiquinone radical anion was relatively stable and then its cwESR could be observed. The rate constant of the spin-depolarization of semiquinone radical anion was $2.6{\times}10^5 sec^{-1}$ and the decay of the radical anion was the first order reaction with the rate constant of $3.0{\times}10^2\; sec^{-1}$. No CIDEP of semiquinone radical anion was observed in the mixture of PrOH and the lower concentration of TEA than 2 percent. The CIDEP spectrum of the neutral semiquinone radical was detected in the mixture of benzene and TEA with the half-life of 3.0 ${\mu}sec$. The neutral semiquinone radical could not be detected by cwESR. Neither CIDEP nor ESR absorption could be observed in PrOH, TEA or benzene only.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2016

Purpose: We undertook this study to investigate discrepancies in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values, and variations following intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: A total of 123 KD patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were treated with IVIG 2 g/kg at 2 to 9 days after disease onset. We obtained white blood cell (WBC) count, percentage of neutrophils (% neutrophils), CRP, ESR, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values before and 48 to 72 hours after IVIG treatment. Discrepancy was defined as $CRP{\geq}10mg/dL$ and ESR <50 mm/hr (Group 1), or CRP <10 mg/dL and $ESR{\geq}50mm/hr$ (Group 2). Results: Thirty-six of 123 subjects (29.2%) had a discrepancy: 25 (20.3%) in Group 1 and 11 (8.9%) in Group 2. In Group 1, 15 patients (60%) had fever for <5 days (early presenter) and 10 (40%) had fever for ${\geq}5days$ (late presenter). There were six early presenters (55%) and five late presenters (45%) in Group 2. Late presenters had higher ESR than early presenters ($34.3{\pm}21.0mm/hr$ vs. $26.3{\pm}19.3mm/hr$, P=0.029). After IVIG treatment, elevated WBC count, % neutrophils, CRP, and NT-proBNP levels normalized. In contrast, ESR increased from $37.4{\pm}21.9mm/hr$ to $48.0{\pm}22.7mm/hr$ (n=36, P=0.051). Conclusions: A discrepancy may be related to the duration of fever. Due to discrepancies in CRP and ESR values in acute KD, both should be measured to assess the degree of inflammatory activity before IVIG treatment. After IVIG treatment, the ESR should not be used as a marker of response to therapy in KD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is ultimately an inflammatory state. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are inflammatory markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the ESR, CRP and APACHE II score as prognostic factors for patient with ARDS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 87 ARDS patients. The predictors (APACHE II score, ESR and CRP) and outcomes (mortality and length of the total hospital stay, the ICU stay and mechanical ventilator care) were obtained from the patients' records. The patients were grouped according to survival as the Survivor and Non survivor groups. We compared the APACHE II score, the ESR and the CRP level between the survivor group and the nonsurvivor group. We evaluated the correlation between the predictors and the outcomes. The initial ESR, CRP level and APACHE II score were checked at the time of ICU admission and the second ESR and CRP level were checked $3.3{\pm}1.2$ days after ICU admission. Results: Thirty-eight (43.7%) patients remained alive and 49 (56.3%) patients died. The APACHE II score was significantly lower for the survivor group than that for the non survivor group ($14.7{\pm}7.6$ vs $19.6{\pm}9.1$, respectively, p=0.006). The initial ESR and CRP level were not different between the survivor and non-survivor groups (ESR $64.0{\pm}37.8mm/hr$ vs $63.3{\pm}36.7mm/hr$, respectively, p=0.93, CRP $15.5{\pm}9.6mg/dl$ vs $16.3{\pm}8.5mg/dl$, respectively, p=0.68). The decrement of the CRP level for the survivor group was greater than that for the non survivor group ($-8.23{\pm}10.0mg/dl$ vs $-1.46{\pm}10.1mg/dl$, respectively, p=0.003). Correlation analysis revealed the initial ESR was positively correlated with the length of the total hospital stay and the ICU stay (correlation coefficient of the total hospital days: R=0.43, p=0.001, correlation coefficient of the ICU stay: R=0.39, p=0.014). Conclusion: The initial APACHE II score can predict the mortality of ARDS patients, and the degree of the early CRP change can be a predictor of mortality for ARDS patients. The initial ESR has positive correlation with the ARDS patients' duration of the total hospital stay and the ICU stay.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 2009

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to detect radiation-induced signals from irradiated spices and ESR parameters were analyzed to define specific signals. Four powdered spices (red pepper, garlic, onion, and black pepper) were irradiated with 0, 1, 5, or 10 kGy at room temperature using a [60Co] gamma-ray irradiator prior to ESR analysis. Radiation-induced triplet signals, including those from the cellulose radical, which are center signals ($g_2=2.00673$) within the range of 3.0455 mT, were observed in all irradiated spice samples. The parameters g-value, center field, and signal range of hyperfine triplet ESR signals were constant in all irradiated samples, being specific for cellulose radicals and thereby distinguishing these signals from those of nonirradiated control samples. High positive correlation coefficients ($R^2=0.8452-0.9854$) were obtained between irradiation doses and corresponding ESR signal intensities. Thus, reliable detection of irradiated dried spices by measurement of ESR cellulose signals was confirmed by parameter analysis for the cellulose radical.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5105-5111
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• 2012

Background: Published data on the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ESR1 gene and breast cancer susceptibility are inconclusive or controversial. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship. Methods: A literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of science and CBM databases was conducted from inception through September 1th, 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Results: A total of five studies including 1,678 breast cancer cases and 1,678 general population controls in Asian populations were involved in this meta-analysis. When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, the higher transcriptional activity variant allele T of ESR1 PvuII (C>T) (rs2234693) in pre-menopausal breast cancer women showed a significant relation to increased risk (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28, P = 0.040) in contrast to their post-menopausal counterparts which showed non-significant increased risk (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.87-1.18, P = 0.858). Nevertheless, no significant association between ESR1 XbaI (A>G) (rs9340799) polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer was observed in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal individuals. Conclusion: Based on a homogeneous Asian population, results from the current meta-analysis indicates that the ESR1 PvuII (C>T) polymorphism places pre-menopausal breast cancer women at risk for breast cancer, while ESR1 XbaI (A>G) polymorphism is not likely to predict the risk of breast cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.395-401
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• 1987

In this study, the effect of ambient temperature on the 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr of cattle blood were observed, and a correction chart for correcting observed values at any ambient temperature to standard values at 20$^{\circ}C$ was plotted. Besides, the effect of storage temperature of blood on the 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr was surveyed. The results were as follows: 1. The values of the 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr were increased as the ambient temperature were elevated(P<0.01), and lower the value of PCV, higher the effect of temperature on the 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr was observed(P<0.01). 2. Regression of values of 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR to ambient temperature in all the group of different level of blood PCV showed linear regression with the highly significant coefficient of correlation. With the results, correction chart was drawn as in Fig. 1. 3. In the purpose to verify the reliability of correction chart, observed values of 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr in field(out door) were corrected to values at 20$^{\circ}C$ by the correction chart(Fig. 1), comparing with the observed values at 20$^{\circ}C$ of standard temperature. No significant differences were found between two groups mentioned above. 4. In the study on the effect of storage temperature of the blood on the 45$^{\circ}$micro ESR/hr, group of storage temperature at 5$^{\circ}C$ showed statistically no significant differences untill 24 hours in contrast with standard control group.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1989

Dosimerty based on electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of radiation induced free radicals in amino acids is relevant to biological dosimetry applications. Alanine detectors are without walls and are tissue equivalent. Therefore, alanine ESR dosimetry looks promising for use in the therapy level. The dose range of the alanine/ESR dosimetry system can be extended down to 1 Gy. In water phantom the absorbed dose of electrons generated by a medical linear accelerator of different initial energies $(6\~21MeV)$ and therapeutic dose levels (1~60 Gy) was measured. Furthermore, depth dose measurements carried out with alanine dosimeters were compared with ionization chamber measurements. As the results, the measured absorbed doses for shallow depth of initial electron energies above 15 MeV were higher by$2\~5\%$ than those calculated by nominal energy $C_E$ factors. This seems to be caused by low energy scattered beams generated from the scattering foil and electron cones of beam projecting device in medical linear accelerator.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

The identification characteristics of irradiated commercial Ramen soup were investigated depending on radiation sources and doses by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Two commercial powder soups (RS-1, RS-2) were irradiated at 0 to 20 kGy under ambient conditions by both a Co-60 gamma irradiator and an electron beam (EB) accelerator, respectively. Crystalline sugar-induced multi-component signals with g-values of 2.010/2.011, 2.006, 2.002 and 1.999 were detected in the irradiated Ramen soup (RS-1, RS-2), whereas $Mn^{2+}$ signals were observed in non-irradiated samples, thereby distinguishing each other. Under the same analytical conditions, the intensity of ESR signals was higher in EB-irradiated samples than the gamma-irradiated ones. Determination coefficients ($R^2$) between irradiation doses and corresponding ESR responses were above 0.9665 in all the samples, and the magnetic field of specified g-value remained constant. The predominant ESR signals of $g_2$ (2.010-2.011) and $g_3$ (2.002) increased with corresponding doses of irradiation ($R^2$= 0.9750-0.9981).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2015

Cryopreservation of boar semen is continually researched in reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking in breed conservation. For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Various researches have been trying to improve the quality of semen Post-thawed in boar. Recently, polymorphism (g. 35756 T>C) of Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) gene reported to be significant association with MOT. This study was conducted to evaluate the ESR1 gene as a positional controlling for motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thawed boar semen. To results, The g.35756 T>C SNP of ESR1 was significantly associated with frozen semen motility and kinematic characteristics. The g.35756 T>C SNP was high significantly associated with MOT, VCL, VSL and VAP (p<0.001). The SNP was also significantly associated with ALH (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the g. 35756 T>C polymorphism in the intron 1 region of the porcine ESR1 gene could potentially be applied in frozen semen programs to improve MOT trait, but only after validation in other populations.