• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

Plants protect against viruses through passive and active resistance mechanisms, and in most cases characterized thus far, natural recessive resistance to potyviruses has been mapped to mutations in the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Five eIF4E copies and three eIF(iso)4E copies were detected in Brassica rapa. The eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes could interact with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) viral protein linked to the genome (VPg) to initiate virus translation. From the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the TuMV-CHN2/CHN3 VPgs could not interact with BraA.eIF4E.a/c or BraA.eIF(iso)4E.c, but they could interact with BraA.eIF(iso)4E.a in B. rapa. Further analysis indicated that the amino acid substitution L186F (nt T556C) in TuMV-UK1 VPg was important for the interaction networks between the TuMV VPg and eIF(iso)4E proteins. An interaction model of the BraA. eIF(iso)4E protein with TuMV VPg was constructed to infer the effect of the significant amino acids on the interaction of TuMV VPgs-eIF(iso)4Es, particularly whether the L186F in TuMV-UK1 VPg could change the structure of the TuMV-UK1 VPg protein, which may terminate the interaction of the BraA.eIF(iso)4E and TuMV VPg protein. This study provides new insights into the interactions between plant viruses and translation initiation factors to reveal the working of key amino acids.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2017

Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces chronic inflammation, and a minor proportion of infected individuals develop advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Inflammatory cytokines and/or their gene polymorphisms may link to these biliary pathologies. We therefore investigated associations among cytokine gene polymorphisms and cytokine production in 510 Thai cases infected with O. viverrini who presented with APF+ or APF-, as established by abdominal ultrasonography as well as in patients diagnosed with CCA. Levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined in culture supernatants after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with O. viverrini excretory-secretory (ES) products. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$, LT-${\alpha}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly increased in CCA patients compared with non-CCA (APF- and APF+) cases. Polymorphisms in genes encoding IL-$1{\beta}$-511C/T, IL-6-174G/C, IFN-${\gamma}$+874T/A, LT-${\alpha}$+252A/G, and TNF-${\alpha}$-308G/A were then investigated by using PCR-RFLP or allele specific-PCR (AS-PCR) analyses. In the CCA cases, LT-${\alpha}$+252A/G and TNF-${\alpha}$-308G/A heterozygous and homozygous variants showed significantly higher levels of these cytokines than the wild type. By contrast, levels of cytokines in wild type of IFN-${\gamma}$+874T/A were significantly higher than the variants in CCA cases. IFN-${\gamma}$+874T/A polymorphisms were associated with advanced periductal fibrosis, whereas IL-6-174G/C polymorphisms were associated with CCA. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first demonstration that O. viverrini infected individuals carrying several specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are susceptible to develop fibrosis and CCA.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.72-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to estimate the trend of ecosystem water quality regulating services in Odaesan National park of the last five years and the corresponding economic values. Recently the climate change makes increased the value of the water, it is more important to protect the source of the riverthan to purify the contaminated water. To evaluate the water quality regulating services, we calculated the difference between purification and pollution from national park and estimated the quantitative value of the water quality regulating services. As a results, the amount of the value of the water quality regulating services from 2017 to 2021 was increased from approximately BOD 128.21 kg/Day, T-P 12.11 kg/Day to BOD 161.38 kg/Day, T-P 13.24 kg/Day and the economic value also increased from 2,304 million won to 2,817 million won.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.115-140
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the impact of M&L psychotherapy on an adolescent with anxiety disorders transitioning into adulthood, using a retrospective mixed-method approach. Methods: An adolescent with Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5-diagnosed anxiety disorders underwent combined treatment with M&L psychotherapy and complex Korean medicine therapy over a period of approximately two years. Patient records tracked the diagnosis, treatments, and progress. In-depth interviews were also conducted. The study used a convergent parallel mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative analysis from psychological assessments, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X), the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s), and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), with qualitative analyses of traditional Korean medicine counseling session notes, interviews, and other qualitative psychological assessments. Results: State anxiety decreased from 40 to 36, and trait anxiety decreased from 42 to 34. MMPI-2 L scale scores decreased slightly to 64T, whereas S scale scores increased to 62T, and FRS scores decreased to 70T from an initial score of 78T. Qualitative analysis revealed an increase in the MMPI-2 Es scale, identified as "subjectivity." Joy (喜) emerged as the highest emotional profile score in the CSEI-S. Scores for anger (怒), thought (思), fear (恐), and fright (驚) decreased, indicating improved negative emotions. Qualitatively, expressions of determination to "move forward" and "strengthen the mind" were noted, suggesting enhanced "lower danjeon (下丹田)." Conclusions: Integrating traditional Korean medicine treatment with M&L psychotherapy for a vulnerable adolescent with anxiety disorders demonstrated efficacy. Further research is warranted to substantiate the effectiveness of M&L psychotherapy and advocate for its wider adoption in mainstream practice.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.53
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• pp.203-233
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• 2014

Depuis les $ann{\acute{e}}es$ 1990, sous l'influence de la $pens{\acute{e}}e$ postmoderne, des ${\oe}uvres$ $d{\acute{e}}constructivistes$ ont fait leur apparition dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ $cor{\acute{e}}en$. Cependant, cette approche est plus remarquable dans le domaine du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ pratique que dans celui de $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ dramatique. Par exemple, ce mouvement a $commenc{\acute{e}}$ avec les metteurs en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ OH Tae-suk et GUI Gook-seo au $d{\acute{e}}but$ des $ann{\acute{e}}es$ 1990. Leur ont $succ{\acute{e}}d{\acute{e}}$ ensuite les metteurs en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ CHOI Yong-hoon, de la troupe de $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ Chak Eun Shin Hwa, et PARK Kun-hyung. De plus, actuellement, de jeunes metteurs en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ travaillent avec $perspicacit{\acute{e}}$, tels que KO Sung-woong, KANG Lyang-won et YOUN Han-sol. A $l^{\prime}oppos{\acute{e}}$ de ce $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ pratique, $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ dramatique des $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ demeure au niveau de $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ $repr{\acute{e}}sentative$ et est encore sans grande valeur. Pour $r{\acute{e}}fl{\acute{e}}chir$ ${\grave{a}}$ ce $probl{\grave{e}}me$, nous $consid{\acute{e}}rerons$ les $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de Michel Vinaver dont la dramaturgie oppose $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ $d{\acute{e}}constructiviste$ au principe $repr{\acute{e}}sentatif$ et ${\grave{a}}$ $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ traditionnelle en ${\acute{e}}chappant$ au principe de $causalit{\acute{e}}$. Avec sa $strat{\acute{e}}gie$ de montage $sp{\acute{e}}cifique$, il $proc{\grave{e}}de$ avec une ${\acute{e}}criture$ $fragment{\acute{e}}e$ tout en $ins{\acute{e}}rant$ des dialogues $h{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}rog{\grave{e}}nes$. Il trouve ainsi le silence des mots, un $pr{\acute{e}}sent$ sensible, la $mat{\acute{e}}rialit{\acute{e}}$ des mots et des images ostensives ${\grave{a}}$ travers des dialogues $juxtapos{\acute{e}}s$, une $simultan{\acute{e}}it{\acute{e}}$ et une $discontinuit{\acute{e}}$ du dialogue. En examinant ses $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$, nous explorons cette nouvelle ${\acute{e}}criture$ qui $r{\acute{e}}siste$ au $r{\acute{e}}gime$ dramatique de la $repr{\acute{e}}sentation$. Toutefois, nous n'encenserons pas seulement cette ${\acute{e}}criture$ postmoderne. Plus $pr{\acute{e}}cis{\acute{e}}ment$, nous $rel{\grave{e}}verons$ ses limites, dans les circonstances $pr{\acute{e}}sentes$, en $r{\acute{e}}fl{\acute{e}}chissant$ aux limites du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ postmoderne depuis le $d{\acute{e}}but$ des $ann{\acute{e}}es$ 2000. Ce faisant, nous souhaitons $d{\acute{e}}finir$ de nouvelles $possibilit{\acute{e}}s$ $esth{\acute{e}}tiques$.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-47
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• 2006

La $d\'{e}marche$ et l'objet de cette recherche sont d'analyser, psychiquement, $th\'{e}oriquement$, les marques de $l'intersexualit\'{e}$ $pr\'{e}sentent$ en Orient et les $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ intersexuels, binaires dans le $v\hat{e}tement$, et $\'{e}galement$ de comprendre $l'ambiguit\'{e}$ ou encore la fusion des $identit\'{e}s$ $sexu\'{e}es$, qui $pr\'{e}sente$ symboliquement a travers le $v\hat{e}tement$, dans la $soci\'{e}t\'{e}$ moderne. La base fondamentale dans la $th\'{e}orie$ de l'Orient est que l'univers se divise en Yin ($caract\`{e}re\;f\'{e}minin$) et Yang ($caract\`{e}re$ masculin) et que tout individu $poss\`{e}de$ $\'{e}galement$ ce couple, en quelque sorte un intersexuel qui s'ignore, avec des variations selon l'individu. En $d\'{e}finitive$, les compositions doubles des $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ dans le $v\hat{e}tement$ oriental montraient $embl\'{e}matiquement$ nos $qualit\'{e}s$ doubles, masculins et $f\'{e}minins$, et les trois $\'{e}l\'{e}ments$ semblent primordiaux pour $l'\'{e}lucidation$ de la $pr\'{e}disposition$ du porteur : la couleur du tissu, sa forme et la texture du $v\hat{e}tement$. La mode d'auiourd'hui oscille entre masculin et $f\hat{e}minin$. Cette fusion de la mode semble le reflet d'une tendance intersexuelle et d'une fusion du genre. Ainsi, cette recherche est, $\grave{a}$ travers $l'\'{e}l\'{e}ment$ masculin ou $f\'{e}minin$ des $v\hat{e}tements$, pour tenter de discerner lesprit, l'intention et le $caract\`{e}re$ sexuel dominant du porteur.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

Objectives : It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) - into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods : Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistemcy, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC $_{(2,1)}$) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson' s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results : Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC $_{(2,1)$ = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha ranged from ${\alpha}=0.88$ for the FRI to ${\alpha}=0.96$ for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). the VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions : It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the sex education program on the elementary school students' sex-related knowledge and attitude. The research method used in this study is an equivalent control group pre-test and post-test and post-test design in a quasi-experimental research format. The subjects of this study were the 5th-grade elementary school students(63 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group) in O and O elementary school in G city. The data was collected from April 4th to July 3th, 2003. The experimental group received a sex education program while the control group did not receive any treatment. The sex education program was implemented for 40 minutes every 2-3 days which total twelve sessions over 4 weeks. Using the SPSS 10.0 program, the data was analyzed by $X^2$ - test, Fisher exact test, t-test, and a repeated measures ANOVA., Rrsults : The experimental group who received the sex education program showed a significantly higher sex-related knowledge score than the control group (F=140.52, p=.001). The experimental group showed a significantly higher sex relatied attitudes score than the control group (F=40.80, p=.001). This study concluded that the sex education program was effective in both sex-related knowledge and attitudes for elementary school students. Therefore, it appears to be effective for 5th-grade students to receive intensive sex education. It es recommended that the schools and government develop education media and a sex education program for parents, have a sex education teacher and a place where students can be counseled, and a professional consultant who can effectively counsel the students regarding sex-related issues.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 1994

원시생식세포(primordial germ cell; PGC)는 성성숙 이후에 기능을 갖는 생식세포의 근원이 되는 세포로서, 다능성을 갖고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로 chimera 및 유전자 변환동물 생산을 위해 널리 사용되어 온 배아주(embrynic stem; ES)세포를 대신할 다른 세포계라고 생각되어져 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 실험은 체외배양을 통하여 원시생식세포의 증식과 확립을 위해 배양조건을 구명하고, 또한 성장인자의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 실시되었다. 원시생식세포는 12.5일째의 ICR 생쥐태아의 원시생식선 융기조직으로부터 추출하였으며, DMEM + 20% FCS + nucleosides + antibiotics로 조성된 sDMEM 배양액을 사용하여 mitomycin C로 전처리한 되먹임세포단층(feeder layer)위에서 체외배양하였다. bFGF 및 LIF를 20, 40ng/ml농도로 각각 또는 함께 첨가하여 성장인자의 효과를 검토하였다. 원시생식세포는 성에 따라 유의적인 colony 형성율을 보였고(♂:1.9 colonies / genital ridge, ♀:1.3 colonies / genital ridge), bFGF 및 LIF의 첨가 및 첨가농도에 따라서도 유의성 있는 결과를 보였다(0.3~1.9 colonies / genital riege). 그러나 3회 이상 계대배양을 할 경우, 원시생식세포의 colony를 4% prarformaldehyde로 20분간 고정한 후, tris-maleate buffer(pH 9.0)로 10분간 3회 세정하였다. Fast Red로 염색을 실시한 결과, 대부분의 colony가 염색반응을 보여 다능성을 갖는 원시생식세포의 colony임이 입증되었다. 그러나 대부분의 colony가 3회 이상의 계대배양시 생종율이 급격히 떨어지는 것을 감안하면, 또 다른 미지의 성장인자나 보다 적절한 배양조건이 요구된다고 생각된다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Recently, vessel's average speed in the sea becomes fast because of the increasing of high-speeds vessel like a container ship and ferry. So, it is considered that speed control in the korean narrow waterway isn't the proper vessel traffic management, now. And, there is a rare paper studied about speed control quantitatively and numerically, especially speed control is discussing continuously, as abrogation of Incheon Port's speed control and alleviation of Kwangyang Port's speed control a according to navigating mariner's request. After this paper replayed the navigation traffic flow in the straight waterway using marine traffic flow simulation, the Environmental Stress Model is introduced to evaluate difficulty of each vessel's traffic.