• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

This study focused on design and implementation of Mobile 3D Bluetooth Game Engine based on OpenGL-ES. In Mobile 3D network game so far, there is a form the mainstream of wireless inter-net game using WAP and VM. But, VM game we popular because of an excessive communication expense problem for this mobile network game that occur when connect to wireless internet as point out to problem by it, that is, stand-alone game are very popular. This study introduce a mobile 3D Bluetooth Game Engine which is based on mobile 3D standard using OpenGL-ES to solve a problem like mobile network game generally that occur when connect to take pleasure a wireless internet from some people into a short distance. When the number of concurrent packet datum by Bluetooth terminal transfers to each other, we shows that the proposed scheduling scheme for enhancing the process speed up on Bluetooth.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.705-706
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• 2006

Generally Short Circuit Test of transformers are tested according to IEEE std C57.12.00-2000, IEC 60076-5(2000-07), ES148(1998.6.26) or KS C4309(2003). But ES148(1998.6.26) is same as IEEE std C57. 12.00-2000 and KS C4309(2003) is revising coincidence with IEC 60076-5(2000-07). On this study condition of the transformers before short circuit test, calculation method for test current peak value, tolerance on the asymmetrical peak and r.m.s value, short circuit testing procedure, number of short circuit test, duration short circuit test, and detection of faults and evaluation of short circuit test result will be compared with ANSI and IEC.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2003

The pairwise energy model (PEM) assumes that the cross section for the reaction cross section for the reaction A+BC$\{leftrightarrow}$B+C, where B and C are isotopes of hydrogen, depends on only the pairwise relative energy Es between A and B. Until now, the PEM has been used to interpret theoretically the isotope effect for the reactions such as $O(^3P)+HD,\;Ar^++(H_2,\;D_2,and\;HD)$. In this paper we carry out extensive quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the three possible reactions $Cl+H_2$ and HD and show that the PEM works very well at high energy. In particular we are able to accurately predict the intramolecular isotope effect at high energy for the reaction of Cl+HD using only the cross section data for $Cl+H_2$. To understand that the PEM works so well at high energy, the internal energy distributions for the products are examined. The distributions for three reactions are different at a fixed relative collision energy E but are approximately same at a fixed pairwise energy Es. This suggests that the PEM works very well at high energy. We believe the conclusions reached here will apply to other A+BC systems.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 1992

The protease from Halomonas sp. ES 10 was purified by methanol precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and G-200, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The purified enzyme was found to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of purified enzyme was 1,014 units/mg protein, and the yield of the total activity from the culture filtrate was 7%. The optimal temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were $35^{\circ}C$, and pH 11.0, respectively. And the enzyme was stable in the range of $pH\;7.5{\sim}11.0$. The residual activity of the enzyme was 70%, when the enzyme was incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 40 min. The Km value of the enzyme was 7.4 mg/ml to milk casein. $Li^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, SDS and Tween 80 were appeared to activators, whereas $Hg^{2+}$ and EDTA to inhibitors. The addition of DFP and PMSF showed the relative enzyme activities of 63% and 107%, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme may not belong to serine type protease. When the alkaline protease was treated with 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl, the relative enzyme activities were 95% and 65%, respectively. This enzyme showed 20% and 15% higher enzyme activity than that of Aspergillus oryzae (Sigma Chemical Company product, P4755) in the presence of 0.5 M and 1 M NaCl.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether embryonic stem (ES) cells can be established from isolated blastomeres of mouse embryos. Methods: Blastomeres were separated from mouse (C57Bl/6J) 2- or 4-cell embryos. Isolated blastomeres or whole 4-cell embryos were co-cultured with mitosis-arrested STO feeder cells in DMEM supplemented with recombinant murine leukemia inhibitory factor and ES-qualified fetal bovine serum. After the tentative ES cell lines were maintained from isolated blastomeres or whole embryos, some of them were frozen and the others were sub-cultured continually. Characteristics of tentative ES cell lines as were evaluated for specific genes expressions with immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results: One ES cell line (3.0%) was established from isolated blastomere of 2-cell embryo and one cell line (4.0%) from isolated two blastomeres of 4-cell embryo. And five cell lines (16.7%) were established from whole 4-cell embryos. Both cell lines from isolated blastomere and whole embryo expressed mouse ES cell specific markers such as SSEA-1, Oct-4 and alkaline phosphatase. Marker genes of three germ layers were expressed from embryoid bodies of both cell lines. Conclusion: This study suggests that mouse ES cells could be established from isolated blastomeres, although the efficiency is lower than whole embryos. This animal model could be applied to establishment of autologous human ES cells from biopsied blastomeres of preimplantation embryos in human IVF-ET program.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.23-44
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• 2004

Das Forschungsziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, den linguistischen Begriff der Analogie zu definieren, und die auftretenden analogischen Ausgleichsprozesse vom Mittelhochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen und auch im Neuhochdeutschen selbst insbesondere im System der starken Verben vorzuzeigen und zu $erkl\"{a}ren$. Und diese Forschungsergebnisse sind wie folgt. $Au{\ss}er$ dem Phonemwandel, der immer das Phonemsystem tangiert, gibt es M$Lautver\"{a}nderungen$, die auf assoziativer Ubertragung von Lautungen aus konkurrierenden sprachlichen Formen beruhen, die sog. Analogiebildungen. $N\"{a}mlich$ in der sprachlichen Entwicklung vom Mittelhochdeutschen zum Neuhochdeutschen zeigt sich eine sehr starke innere Tendenz der Sprache, diese durch $gesetzm\"{a}{\ss}igen$ Lautwandel entstandene Formenvielfalt innerhalb eines Paradigmas zu vereinheitlichen. Das $hei{\ss}t$; Analogischer Ausgleich ist als universaller sprachlicher Simplifizierungsprozess zu werten. Diese sprachlichen Ausgleichsprozesse werden als analogischer Ausgleich bzw. paradigmatischer Ausgleich bezeichnet. $Gem\"{a}{\ss}$ der Klassifikation von Frey teile ich auch analogischen Ausgleich Bereichen ein: a) im Stammsilbenvokalismus b) im Stammsilbenkonsonantismus c) in den Konjugationsendungen. (equation omitted) (c) Analogischer AusgIeich der Konjugationsendungen: Die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. im Althochdeutschen, -ames wird durch die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Konj., -em ersetzt. $fr\"{h}ahd$. wir nem-ames > ahd. wir nem-em > mhd. wir nem-en > nhd. wir nehm-en Die Endung der 3. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. im Mittelhochdeutschen, -ent wird durch die Endung der 1. Pers. P1. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind., -en ersetzt. ahd. sie nem-ant > fruhmhd. sie nem-ent > mhd. sie nem-en > nhd. sie nehm-en Als Markierung der 2. Pers. Sg. war -st urprunglich nur in der 2. Pers. Sg. $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind. vorhanden: ahd. nim-ist > mhd. nim-est > nhd. nimm-st Von hier aus breitet es sich aus in die 2. Pers. Sg. Pras. Konj. ahd. nem-es > mhd. nem-est > nhd. nehm-est Vom $Pr\"{a}s$. Ind/Konj. breitet sich -st in das $Pr\"{a}t$. Ind. aus; ahd. nam-i > fruhmhd. naem-e > mhd. naem-est > nhd nahm-st Und $schlie{\ss}lich$ greift es vom $Pr\"{a}t$. Ind. auch auf den Konj. $\"{u}ber$. ahd. nam-is > mhd. nem-est > nhd. $n\"{a}hm-st$

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2004

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of prolonged culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC; SNUhES2) on human amniotic fluid cells (hAFC), which had been storaged after karyotyping. Method: The hAFC was prepared for feeder layer in the presence of Chang's medium and STO medium (90% DMEM, 10% FBS) at $37^{circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ in air atmosphere. Prior to use as a feeder layer, hAFC was mitotically inactivated by mitomycin C. The hESCs on hAFC were passaged mechanically every seven days with ES culture medium (80% DMEM/F12, 20% SR, bFGF). Results: The hAFC feeder layer support the growth of undifferentiated state of SNUhES2 for at least 59 passages thus far. SNUhES2 colonies on hAFC feeder appeared slightly angular and flatter shape as compared with circular and thicker colonies observed with STO feeder layer and showed higher level with complete undifferentiation in seven days. Like hESC cultured on STO feeders, SNUhES2 grown on hAFC expressed normal karyotype, positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, high telomerase activity, Oct-4, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 and formed embryoid bodies (EBs). Conclusion: The hAFC supports undifferentiated growth of hESC. Therefore, these results may help to provide a clinically practicable method for expansion of hESC for cell therapies.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 1995

The present study was designed to demonstrate that ES cell lines efficiently could be isolated from explanted blastocysts of hybrid BCF1 mouse when grown on STO feeder layer derived from mouse fibroblasts in culture medium supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The expanded blastocysts were attached to mitomycin C-inactivated STO feeder layer and were cultured for 4 days. Four days later the ICM was disaggregated by a short term trypsin treatment (0.25% trypsin / 0.04% EDT A for 2-3 min). The resulting cell suspension was seeded on a new STO feeder layer and covered with DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 0.1 mM nonessential amino acid, 0.1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM mercaptoethanol and 1,000 U/ml LIF. Colonies of ES-like cells were observed after the second passage. These colonies were repeatedly passaged at approximately 5 day intervals. In this study, five ES-like celllines were isolated by directly explanting blastocysts, but three lines were lost after the 5th passage, possibly due to toxic effects of a new FCS batch. The characterization of developmental potential of isolated cell lines was performed with respect to in vitro differentiation and specific activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP). When cells were cultured in suspension, the aggregates of cell lines were capable of forming simple embryoid bodies (EB), and showed the capacity for forming cystic multilayer EBs. In addition, the cell lines were positive for AP staining, a biochemical marker characteristic of mouse ES cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1223-1229
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• 2013

Ursolic acid (UA) a bio-active ingredient found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, and it has potent antioxidant activity. However, the role of UA in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is poorly understood. This study investigated the functional role of UA in regulating the development of mouse ES cells under hypoxia. Hypoxia did not exert a significant effect on the undifferentiated state of mouse ES cells. However, it induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production at 48 h of hypoxic exposure. Conversely, oxidative stress induced by hypoxia was significantly inhibited by UA ($30{\mu}M$) pretreatment. Hypoxia significantly decreased cell survival and the level of [$^3H$] thymidine incorporation, both of which recovered following pretreatment of UA. In addition, UA decreased the apoptotic effect of hypoxia by attenuating caspase-3 cleavage or by recovering cellular inhibition of the apoptotic protein (cIAP)-2 and Bcl-2 expression. We further found that UA decreased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. We suggest that UA is a natural antioxidant and one of the functional modulators of hypoxia-induced survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and aging in mouse ES cells.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.695-702
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• 2005

The groESL bicistronic operon of a restricted facultative methylotrophic bacterium Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 DSM 11726 was cloned and characterized. It was found to consist of two ORFs encoding proteins with molecular masses of 11,395 and 57,396 daltons, which showed a high degree of homology to other bacterial GroES and GroEL proteins. The genes were clustered in the transcription order groES-groEL. Northern blot analyses suggested that the groESL operon is transcribed as a bicistronic 2.2-kb mRNA, the steady-state level of which was markedly increased by temperature elevation. Primer extension analysis demonstrated one potential transcription start site preceding the groESL operon, which is located 100bp upstream of the groES start codon. The transcription start site was preceded by a putative promoter region highly homologous to the consensus sequences of Escherichia coli ${\sigma}^{32}$-type heat shock promoter, which functioned under both normal and heat shock conditions in E. coli. Heat shock mRNA was maximally produced by Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 approximately 10min after increasing the temperature from 30 to $42^{\circ}C$. The groESL operon was also induced by hydrogen peroxide or salt shock.