• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2015

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is an essential component of heavy-ion accelerator. For a given design, the intensities of the highly charged ion beams extracted from the source can be increased by enlarging the physical volume of ECR zone [1]. Several models for ECR ion source were and will be constructed depending on their operating conditions [2-4]. In this paper three simulation models with 3, 4 and 6 solenoid system were built, but it's not considered anything else except the number of coils. Two groups of optimization analysis are presented, and the evolution strategy (ES) is adopted as an optimization tool which is a technique based on the ideas of mutation, adaptation and annealing [5]. In this research, the volume of ECR zone was calculated approximately, and optimized designs for ECR solenoid magnet system were presented. Firstly it is better to make the volume of ECR zone large to increase the intensity of ion beam under the specific confinement field conditions. At the same time the total volume of superconducting solenoids must be decreased to save material. By considering the volume of ECR zone and the total length of solenoids in each model with different number of coils, the 6 solenoid system represented the highest coil performance. By the way, a certain case, ECR zone volume itself can be essential than the cost. So the maximum ECR zone volume for each solenoid magnet system was calculated respectively with the same size of the plasma chamber and the total magnet space. By comparing the volume of ECR zone, the 6 solenoid system can be also made with the maximum ECR zone volume.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

In recent years, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) Quadruple Triplets are being developed for heavy ion accelerators, because the HTS magnets are suitable to withstand radiation and high heat loads in the hot cell of accelerators. Generally, an iron yoke, which costs a mass of material, was employed to enhance the magnetic field when a quadrupole magnet was designed. The type of the magnet is called iron-dominated magnet, because the total magnetic field was mainly induced by the iron. However, in the HTS superconductor iron-dominated magnets, the coil-induced field also can have a certain proportion. Therefore, the air-core HTS quadrupole magnets can be considered instead of the iron-core HTS quadrupole magnet to be employed to save the iron material. This study presents the design of an air-core HTS quadruple triplet which consists three by air-core HTS quadruple magnet and compare the design result with that of an iron-core HTS quadruple triplet. First, the characteristics of an air-core HTS quadrupole magnet were analyzed to select the magnet system for the magnetic field uniformity impairment. Then, the field uniformity was improved(< 0.1%) exactly using evolution strategy (ES) method for each iron-core HTS quadrupole magnet and the air-core HTS quadruple triplet was established. Finally, the designed air-core triplet was compared with the iron-core HTS quadruple triplet, and the results of beam trajectories were presented with both the HTS quadruple triplet systems to show that the air-core triplet can be employed instead of the iron-core HTS triplet. The design of the air-core quadruple triplet was suggested for a heavy ion accelerator.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2015

The Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is utilized to manage krill resources using acoustic data collection and a scientific observer program operating on the fishing boats. However, the acoustic data were contained seriously noise, example of background, spike, and intermittent noise, due to purpose of fish boats. In this study, the noise removal techniques were confirmed the potential of the acoustic data analysis. Acoustic system and frequency used in the survey were commercial echosounder (ES70, SIMRAD) and 200 kHz split beam transducer. Acoustic data were analyzed using Echoview software (Myriax), and general data analysis and new noise removal method was used. Although a variety of noise, most of the noises have been removed using the noise removal processing. We confirmed the possibility of analyzing the acoustic data obtained from fish boats. The results will be useful for analysis of the acoustic data acquired from krill fishing boats.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2014

Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta are commercially important in Korea. Assessments of their biomass currently depend on fishery-landings data, which may be biased. Towards fishery-independent acoustic surveys of cuttlefish, target strength (TS) measurements at 70 and 120 kHz were made of 23 live cuttlefish, in early May 2010. The fish were caught by traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea. The TS were measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500, respectively). The cuttlefish mantle lengths (L) ranged from 15.6 to 23.5 cm (mean L=17.8 cm) and their masses (W) ranged from 335 to 1020 g (mean W=556.1 g). Their mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.01 dB (std=1.39 dB) and -31.76 dB (std=2.15 dB), respectively. The mean TS at 70 kHz was 0.17 dB higher than the TS-length relationship resulting from a least-squares fit to the data ($TS=24.67{\log}_{10}L(cm)-64.03$, $r^2$ = 0.52, N=23). The mean TS at 120 kHz was 0.45 dB higher than the fitted TS-length relationship ($TS=40.59{\log}_{10}L(cm)-82.96$, $r^2$ = 0.58, N=23). The differences between the mean TS values and an equation regressed from all of the TS measurements at both frequencies ($TS=24.92{\log}_{10}L(cm)-4.92{\log}_{10}{\lambda}(m)-22.82$, $r^2$ = 0.86, N=46) was 0.22 dB at 70 kHz and 0.31 dB at 120 kHz, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

국립암센터에 설치된 양성자 치료기는 양성자 가속기의 운영을 통해 많은 양의 이차방사선을 방출하게 되는데, 이는 양성자 빔이 가속 중에 주위의 물질과 반응을 하여 이차 입자를 발생하고 방사성 동위원소도 생성하기 때문이다. 생성된 방사성 동위원소에 의한 방사선량은 시간에 따라 감쇠되지만 양성자 치료기의 운영 및 유지보수를 위해 수시로 가속기 작업종사자들이 시설내부로 접근해야 하며 이로 인해 이차방사선에 의한 피폭 문제가 발생될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 양성자 가속기(Cyclotron)를 포함한 양성자 치료기의 운영을 위해 필요한 작업종사자들의 작업환경을 평가하고, 적절한 수준의 방사선 방호대책을 수립하기 위해 양성자 치료기 운영 중 가장 높은 수준의 방사선이 발생되는 양성자 가속기(Cyclotron) 및 주변 지역에서의 가속기 가동에 따른 방사선 발생 정도를 측정하였고 그 지속시간을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 양성자 빔의 손실이 가장 큰 가속기 주변과 에너지 선택 시스템(Energy Selection System, ESS)지역의 탄소(graphite, $^{12}C$) 재질로 구성된 에너지 감쇠장치(degrader)에서의 방사선 변화를 추적하고, 가속기에서 생산된 230 MeV의 고정된 에너지 빔이 에너지 감쇠장치(degrader)를 거쳐 ESS를 통해 전송된 빔의 효율을 산출하고 빔의 전송 구간에서의 상대적인 방사화 정도를 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 자료를 토대로 작업종사자들의 작업간 피폭 수준을 계산하고 연간 피폭 정도를 측정하였다. 작업 중 가속기 시설내의 선량은 수십 ${\mu}Sv/h$로 다른 방사선 치료기에 비해 상대적으로 높은 수준이지만 작업시간을 고려한 연간 총 피폭 선량은 작업자에 따라 1~3 mSv/year 정도로, 연간 피폭 한계 선량보다 충분히 낮은 수준으로 운영이 가능하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1997

목적 :동적 쐐기 조사면 측정을 다중 검출기 시스템과 같은 특수한 장치없이 보편적인 방사선 측정 방법을 사용하여 시행할 수 있는 방법을 고안, 수행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$의 동적 쐐기각(dynamic wedge angle)과 6MV와 15MV인 광자선을 발생시키는 선형 가속기(CL 2100 C/D)를 이용하여 wedge transmission factor 및 percentage depth dose(PDD, 선량 프로파일을 측정하였다. Wedge transmission factor는 6MV, 15MV인 광자선과 $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$의 4개의 동적 쐐기각에 대해서 $4\times4cm^2-20\times20cm^2$까지 1-2cm간격의 정사각형 조사면과 Y-field가 4cm, 20cm일 때 여러개의 X-field에 대한 각각의 직사각형 조사면에서 측정하였다. 또한 동적 쐐기의 구간별 치료표(Segmented Treatment Table, STT)값을 이용하여 wedge factor를 계산해 내었다. PDD는 필름 dosimetry로 구하였는데 개방 조사면에 대해 전리함과 필름으로 PDD를 구한 후 필름의 환산값을 알아내어 쐐기 조사면에 대한 필름 dosimetry로 PDD를 구하여 필름 환산값으로 전리함을 통해 얻을 수 있는 실제 PDD를 구하였다. 선량 프로파일은 비대칭 정지 조사면을 선택적으로 전리함을 이용하여 측정하고 이때 얻은 측정치인 소구간 프로파일과 STT를 이용하는 선량 분포 중칩 방식으로 구하였다. 결과 : wedge transmission factor의 측정치와 STT를 이용하여 구한 계산치를 비교한 결과 실험 오차 범위내에서 거의 일치하였다. 또한 직사각형 조사면에서의 wedge transmission factor 변화를 측정한 결과 동일한 Y-field에 대해서 직사각형 조사면은 정사각형 조사면에서의 wedge factor와 같았다. PDD는 필름 방사선 측정값의 보정으로 개방 조사면에서 PDD와 동적 쐐기 조사면에서 PDD 사이의 차이는 무시될 수 있다. 그리고 전리함의 측정으로부터 중칩 방식으로 얻어진 동적 쫴기의 선량 프로파일은 필름 dosimetry로 얻은 동적 쐐기의 선량 프로파일과 비교한 결과 최대 2% 이내 정확도의 허용 오차 영역에 들어옴을 볼 수 있었다. 결론 :동적 조사면의 특성으로 동적 쐐기 측정에서의 정보 수집을 위하여 모든 조사면에서의 방대한 측정과 그로인한 장시간의 소비, 또한 동적 쐐기 측정을 위한 특수한 장치가 필요하지만 보편적으로 사용하는 측정 장치, 즉 단일 검출기와 필름 방사선 측정 방법으로 충분히 용이하게 행할 수 있었다.