• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2019

The main objective of this study was to analyse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments obtained from near Nakdong estuary, and to estimate ecological risks of PAHs using PAHs concentrations. The main constituents of sediments were $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, CaO, $Fe_2O_3$, and ignition loss of sediments ranged from 2.97% and 8.39%. Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from $128.4ng\;g^{-1}$ and $507.4ng\;g^{-1}$, and the major PAHs were 2 ring and 4 ring aromatic hydrocarbons. Each concentrations of PAHs are all below effect range low, which indicated that each PAHs in 8 studying sites show low ecological risk. From M-ERM-Q analyses, M-ERM-Q values of 8 studying sites are below 0.1 indicating low ecological risk. From source apportionment analyses, PAHs come from grass, wood, charcoal combustion for N-1 and N-7, petroleum combustion for N-5 and N-6, petroleum pollution for N-2, N-3, N-4, N-8.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.221.1-221.1
• /
• 2001

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.670-681
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci in Sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage and to analyze isolates for their biodiversity, antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of some antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 60 enterococci strains were isolated from 20 sucuk samples manufactured without using a starter culture and they were identified as E. faecium (73.3%), E. faecalis (11.7%), E. hirae (8.3%), E. durans (3.3%), E. mundtii (1.7%) and E. thailandicus (1.7%). Most of the strains were found resistant to rifampin (51.67%) followed by ciprofloxacin (38.33%), nitrofurantoin (33.33%) and erythromycin (21.67%). All strains were found susceptible to ampicillin. Only E. faecium FYE4 and FYE60 strains displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics. Other strains showed different resistance patterns to antibiotics. E. faecalis was found more resistant to antibiotics than other species. Most of the strains (61.7%) displayed resistance from between two and eight antibiotics. The ermB, ermC, gyrA, tetM, tetL and vanA genes were detected in some strains. A lack of correlation between genotypic and phenotypic analysis for some strains was detected. The results of this study indicated that Sucuk manufactured without using a starter culture is a reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci. Consequently, Sucuk is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from animals to humans.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.263-287
• /
• 2006

With the rapid and broad changes of information media and information environment the traditional libraries have been evolving into the digital libraries. An analysis for the Planning and realization of the electronic resource management system was carried out to establish the various electronic resources in the digital library, the first in Korea. The study targeted from electronic journals, web-based databases, e-books, and to open access resources. The focus of the analysis lies in the Providing practical integrated electronic resource management for digital librarian based on the framework of effective Electronic Resource Management Initiative(ERMI) of Digital Library Federation(DLF) with network and electronic resource description. The analyses included life-cycle, subscription models, coverages. types of information provider for electronic resources. and system organization for implementation of electronic resource management system.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.49
• /
• pp.379-405
• /
• 2011

With the fast growing of international trade and ever-changing trade environment Korea is facing more risks in international trade and they are getting more diverse and happen more frequent with high severity. Big firms of international trade are ready and treat the risks quite well, but small and medium size firms have hard time to manage the risks due to their poor understanding, not much capital to spend, and weak skills of risk management. Holding significant size of international trade of Korea, the small and medium size firms need systematic and integrated risk management and the K-sure(former Korea Export Insurance) can make a significant contribution to help them manage risks in international trade business. This study is proposing the adoption of ERM(Enterprise Risk Management) for international trade business of Korea. Especially for small and medium size firms of international trade, the K-sure may set up integrated risk management system to help them and promote the export growth, which is a great mission of K-sure.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.815-818
• /
• 2002

The elliptic relaxation model(ERM) with the inhomogeneous correction intermediate between near wall with and far from the wall. The source of the ERM usually was appled quasi-homogeneous pressure-strain correlation in homogeneous situations. This formulation was easily applied to the linear model or non-linear pressure-strain model. It is observed that the boundary conditions of the relaxation operator dominate the homogeneous pressure-strain model in the near wall region. While looking at high-Reynolds number flows, it was found necessary to modify the effect of the relaxation operator throughout the log region by accounting for gradients of the flatness variable and turbulent length scales. These effects are kinematic blocking of the wall normal velocity fluctuation and pressure reflections from the surface. This model is wall distances and unit vectors which make the model applicable to flows boundary by a complex geometry. Inhomogeneous correction model is computed inertial and non-inertial channel flow These are compared DNS(Kim et at., Kristofffrsen & Andersson) for channel flow. The present model could be predicted well for rotating flows.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03b
• /
• pp.216-217
• /
• 2008

In recent years, scientific community has found renewed interest in hypersonic flight research. These hypersonic vehicles undergo severe aero-thermal environment during their flight regimes. During reentry and hypersonic flight of these vehicles through atmosphere real gas effects come into play. The analysis of such hypersonic flows is critical for proper aero-thermal design of these vehicles. The numerical simulation of hypersonic real gas flows is a very challenging task. The present work emphasizes numerical simulation of hypersonic flows with thermal non-equilibrium. Hyperbolic system of equations with stiff relaxation method are identified in recent literature as a novel method of predicting long time behaviour of systems such as gas at high temperature. In present work, Energy Relaxation Method (ERM) has been considered to simulate the real gas flows. Navier-Stokes equations A numerical scheme Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) has been selected. Navier-Stokes solver along with relaxation method has been used for the simulation of real flow over a circular cylinder. Pressure distribution and heat flux over the surface of cylinder has been compared with experiment results of Hannemann. Present heat flux results over the cylinder compared well with experiment. Thus, real gas effects in hypersonic flows can be modeled through energy relaxation method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.277-278
• /
• 2009

기술은 기업에 있어서 없어서는 안되는 소중한 무형자산이다. 현대의 기업은 재무적 경쟁요소에서는 비교적 유사한 행태를 보이고 있으며 기업간 차별성이 거의 없다. 하지만 무형적 가치인 기술은 그 기업의 존재의 의미를 부여하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 많은 기업들이 기술개발에 많은 시간과 비용을 들이고 있으나 그 성공확율은 10%가 채 안되는 실정이므로 신제품개발 실패시 기업에게 적지 않은 타격을 입히게 된다. 특히 중소기업의 경우 개발한 것은 무조건 성공을 시켜야 하는 어려움에 처해 있다. 이런 위험이외에 외생적 경영환경변수로 인하여 더욱 더 기업들은 위기와 위험에 노출되어 있으므로 기업들은 전사적위험관리(ERM)시스템 도입을 통해 기업의 재무건전성, 최적의 투자전략, 현금흐름, 위기로 부터의 관리가 필요하다 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 기술혁신기업에 있어서 전사적위험관리 도입의 필요성을 제시하고자 한다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2005

The neurofibromatosis type2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, is structurally related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that anchor the actin cytoskeleton to specific membrane proteins and participate in cell signaling. However, the basis of the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. Previously, we identified a role of merlin as an inhibitor of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway. Recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of merlin, as of other ERM proteins, may regulate its function. To determine whether phosphorylation of merlin affects its suppression of Ras-ERK signaling, we generated plasmids expressing full-length merlin with substitutions of serine 518, a potential phosphorylation site. A substitution that mimics constitutive phosphorylation (S518D) abrogated the ability of merlin to suppress effects of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway such as Ras-induced SRE transactivation, Elk-mediated SRE transactivation, Ras-induced ERK phosphorylation and Ras-induced focus formation. On the other hand, an S518A mutant, which mimics nonphosphorylated merlin, acted like wild type merlin. These observations show that mimicking merlin phosphorylation impairs not only growth suppression by merlin but also its inhibitory action on the Ras-ERK signaling pathway.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2021

The present study employed an analytical framework that is characterised by a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analyses with a specially designed computer software SpeechActConc to examine speech acts in business communication. The naturally occurring data from the audio recordings and the prosodic transcriptions of the business sub-corpora of the HKCSE (prosodic) are manually annotated with a speech act taxonomy for finding out the frequency of fillers, the co-occurring patterns of fillers with other speech acts, and the linguistic realisations of fillers. The discoursal function of fillers to sustain the discourse or to hold the floor has diverse linguistic realisations, ranging from a sound (e.g. 'uhuh') and a word (e.g. 'well') to sounds (e.g. 'um er') and words, namely phrase ('sort of') and clause (e.g. 'you know'). Some are even combinations of sound(s) and word(s) (e.g. 'and um', 'yes er um', 'sort of erm'). Among the top five frequent linguistic realisations of fillers, 'er' and 'um' are the most common ones found in all the six genres with relatively higher percentages of occurrence. The remaining more frequent realisations consist of clause ('you know'), word ('yeah') and sound ('erm'). These common forms are syntactically simpler than the less frequent realisations found in the genres. The co-occurring patterns of fillers and other speech acts are diverse. The more common co-occurring speech acts with fillers include informing and answering. The findings show that fillers are not only frequently used by speakers in spontaneous conversation but also mostly represented in sounds or non-linguistic realisations.