• Title/Summary/Keyword: ERKl/2

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The Inhibitory Effects of Melittin on Human Prostate Cancer Cell PC-3 in vivo and in vitro (Melittin의 전립선암세포 증식에 대한 억제 효과)

  • Yun, Jong-Il;Song, Ho-Sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2007
  • 목적 : 이 연구는 봉독의 주요 성분인 낮은 농도의 melittin이 in vitro에서 세포자멸사 관련 단백질과 전립 선암세포 PC-3 증식 관련 수용체의 발현 조절을 통하여 세포자멸사(Apoptosis)를 유도하는지 in vivo에서 또한 전립선 암세포주인 PC-3 세포의 성장을 억제하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : Melittin을 처리한 후 전립선암세포 PC-3의 성장억제를 관찰하기 위해 WST-l assay와 morphology analysis를 시행하였고, 세포자멸사 관련 MAP kinase 계열의 대표인 ERK1/2과 전립선암세포 증식관련 수용체인 PDGF-BB receptor ${\beta}$의 활성 변화 관찰에는 western blot analysis 및 Immunofluorescence Staining , Confocal immunocytochemistry를 시행하였으며, 전립암세포의 종양형성에는 흉선을 제거한 쥐에 Tumorigenecity study를 시행하였다. 결과 : 1. PC-3 세포에서 Melittin 처리 후 세포증식이 억제되었고 세포의 형태는 세포자멸사의 특징을 나타내었다. 2. PC-3 세포에서 Melittin 처리 후 ERKl/2과 PDGF-BB receptor ${\beta}$의 활성이 억제되었다. 3. PC-3 세포에서 Melittin과 AG1296을 함께 투여시 PDGF-BB receptor ${\beta}$ 활성억제의 상승효과가 나타났다. 4. 흉선 제거 후 전립선암세포주를 이식한 쥐에서 Melittin을 피내로 주입한 결과 전립선암의 크기와 무게가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 Melittin이 ERKl/2과 PDGF BB receptor ${\beta}$의 활성 억제를 통하여 인간 전립선암세포주인 PC-3의 세포자멸사를 유발함으로써 증식억제 효과가 있음을 입증한 것이며, 이를 재확인한 생처 연구에서의 긍정적인 결과는 향후 Melittin의 전립선암 예방과 치료에 대한 효과적인 치료제 개발에 초석이 될 것으로 기대된다.

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CELECOXIB INHIBITS PHORBOL ESTER-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 AND ACTIVATION OF ERKl/2 IN MOUSE SKIN IN VIVO

  • Chun, Kyung-Soo;Surh, Young-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.137-138
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    • 2001
  • There has been accumulating evidence for the association of inflammatory tissue damage with the process of cancer development. Cyclooxygenase (COX), an important enzyme involved in mediating the inflammation, catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. There are two isoforms of COX, designated as COX-l and COX-2. COX-l is a housekeeping enzyme which is constitutively expressed and is thought to be involved in maintaining physiological functions.(omitted)

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Der Bedeutungsunterschied von anregen, aufregen, erregen (anregen, aufregen, erregen의 의미차이)

  • Kim Gyung-Uk
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.7
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    • pp.127-144
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    • 2003
  • Die Hedeutungen von drei Verben anregen, aufregen, erregen werden durch '흥분시키다' ohne Unterschied im Deutsch-Koreanisch $W\"{o}rterbuch{\;}erkl\"{a}rt$. Aber sie haben verschiedene Bedeutungen, was man durch einen Vergleich der Valenz feststellen kann und durch eine verschiedene $Bedeutungserkl\"{a}rung$ zu unterscheiden versuchen sollte. Die drei Verben haben die Argumentenkombination 'Origo + $Vorgangstr\"{a}ger$' gemeinsam. Aber erregen muss noch in 2 Sememe eingeteilt werden: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 홍분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. '무엇이 누구를 성적으로 또는 기쁘게 흥분시키다'(즐거운 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. muss wiederum in 2 Eedeutungsvarianten aufgeteilt werden: erregen 2.1. '성적인 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.2. '성적인 흥분은 아니지만, 기쁜 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.1. und erregen 2.2. werden voneinander unterschieden durch die verschiedene semantische Klasse der $Mominativerg\"{a}nzung$: 'Sexueller Anblick' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 2.1.. 'Musik' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}inzung$ von erregen 2.2.. erregen 1. und aufregen mit negativer Konnotation werden synonymisch verwendet: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) aufregen '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) Aber die semantische Klasse $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ scheint anders zu sein: 'Mensch odor das $Gem\"{u}t$ eines Menschen' $k\"{o}nnen$ erscheinen $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 1., $w\"{a}hrend$ nur 'Mensch' $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von aufregen erscheint. Man sollte die Bedeutung und die syntaktische Valenz von anregen anders $erkl\"{a}ren$, je nachdem ein Mensch odor eine $T\"{a}tigkeit$ des $Menschenk\"{o}rpers$ als $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ auftritt: j-n : Kaffee regt(mic) an. '커피가 나를 흥분시키다' Absraktum : das Medikament regt die Verdauung an '약이 소화를 자극하다/촉진하다/북돋우다' Die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ mit der semantischen Klasse 'Mensch' ist fakultativ weglassbar, $w\"{a}hrend$ sie mit dem Klassem $'T\"{a}tigkeit{\;}des{\;}Menschenk\"{o}rpers'$ obligatorisch ist.

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Regulation of Preimplantation Development of Mouse Embryos by Solubilized Matrigel (용해된 Matrigel에 의한 생쥐 초기배아 발생의 조절)

  • 계명찬;정병목
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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    • 2001.02a
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    • pp.68-70
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    • 2001
  • 착상전 초기배아에서 용해된 Matrigedl에 의한 배아의 형태발생, 세포증식, apoptosis 및 UPK활성의 변화를 조사하였다. Matrigel (0.5%)을 첨가한 배양액에서 체외배양된 2-세포기 배아의 형태발생 및 포배당 세포수가 증가되었으며 (GF>GFR>control) 포배의 TUNEL 양성 할구 및 배아내 caspase-3의 활성이 감소되었다. (GF

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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Apamin in Bee-Venom on Melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2 and Inhibitory Effect on the MAP-Kinase Signal Pathway (약침용(藥鍼用) 봉독성분(蜂毒成分) 중(中) Apamin의 항암효과(抗癌效果)와 MAP-Kinase 신호전달체계에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Youn-Mi;Lee, Jae-Dong;Park, Dong-Seok
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.101-115
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    • 2001
  • Objective : To characterize the antitumorigenic potential of Apamin, one of the major components of bee venom, its effects on cell proliferation and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway were characterized using the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2. Methods & Results : Cell counting analysis for cell death demonstrated that consistent with a previous results, SK-MEL-2 cells treated with $0.5-2.0{\mu}g/ml$ of Apamin showed no recognizable cytotoxic effect whereas detectable induction of cell death was identified at concentrations over $5.0{\mu}g/ml$. [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for cell proliferation demonstrated that DNA replication of SK-MEL-2 cells is inhibited by Apamin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To explore whether Apamin-induced growth suppression is associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, phosphorylation of Erk, a function mediator of MAPK growth-stimulating signal, was examined Western blot assay using a phospho-specific Erkl/2 antibody. A significant increase of Erkl/2 phosphorylation level was observed in Apamin-treated cells compared with untreated control cells. Qantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Apamin inhibit expression of MAPK downstream genes such as c-Jun, c-Fos, and cyclin D1 but not expression of MAPK pathway component genes including Ha-Ras, c-Raf-1, MEK1, and Erk. Conclusion : It is strongly suggested that the antitumorigenic activity of Apamin might result in part from its inhibitory effect on the MAPK signaling pathway in human melanoma cells SK-MEL-2.

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DEPRENYL INHIBITS POTENTIATED ARSENIC-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY VIA THE INHIBITION OF C-JUN N- TERMINAL KINASE ACTIVATION

  • Park, Jeong-Weon;Kim, Sang-Geon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.147-147
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    • 2001
  • A previous study showed that sulfur amino acid deprivation (SAAD) potentiated cytotoxicity induced by arsenic (As) and that activation of ERKl/2, p38 kinase and JNK1 was responsible for the potentiation of As toxicity. In the present study, we found for the first time that deprenyl a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor prevented potentiation of As toxicity by SAAD in a dose-dependent manner.(omitted)

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Das zweidimensionale Valenzmodell (이원적 발렌츠 모델)

  • Choi Kyun-Ho
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.1
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    • pp.91-118
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    • 1999
  • Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt ein zweidimensionales Valenzmodell. In diesem Modell wurde der Versuch unternommen, durch Beruck­sichtigung $valenzunabh\"{a}ngiger$ Faktoren die bisherige eindimensionale Valenzkonzeption zu $\"{u}berwinden\;und\;f\"{u}r\;Problemf\"{a}lle$ der Valenz­forschung angemessenere $Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu bieten. Dabei wurde mit Agel (1994) davon ausgegangen, $da\ss$ man zwischen Valenzpotenz und Valenzrealisierung unterscheiden sollte. Zwischen den beiden Ebenen besteht keine Isomorphie. Auf der Ebene der Valenz­potenz spreche ich von valenzgebundenen und valenzfreien Gliedern, auf der Ebene der Valenzrealisierung dagegen von notwendigen und optional en Gliedern. Somit ergeben sich insgesamt vier $M\"{o}glichkeiten:$ 1. valenzgebunden und notwendig; 2. valenzgebunden und optional; 3. valenzfrei und notwendig; 4. valenzfrei und optional. Viele $Problemf\"{a}lle$ der bisherigen Valenzforschung $geh\"{o}ren$ zu dem zweiten und dem dritten Typ. Erst die Annahme des zweidimensionalen Valenzmodells bietet $daf\"{u}r\;systematische\;Erkl\"{a}rungen$. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele wurde gezeigt, $da\ss$ syntaktische, semantische, pragmatische und konzeptuelle Faktoren die Valenzrealisierung beeinflussen. Valenzrealisierung ist somit nicht als $blo{\ss}e$ Wiedergabe der im Lexikon immanenten Valenzpotenz anzusehen. $Schlie{\ss}lich$ wurde am Beispiel yon gehen das $Verh\"{a}ltnis$ zwischen Valenzpotenz, konzeptuellen Prozessen und Valenzrealisierung dargestellt: Die Realisierung der eigentlich valenzgebundenen lokalen Adverbial­bestimmung $h\"{a}ngt$ eng mit den konzeptuellen Prozessen ($Lokalisierungs-proze{\ss}\;vs.\;Delokalisierungsproze{\ss}$) zusammen. Falls $Lokalisierungs-proze{\ss}$ stattfindet, ist die Realisietung der lokalen Adverbialbestimmung notwendig, um die Direktionalisierung des Verweisobjekts im Hinblick auf das Bezugsobjekt zu bezeichnen. Bei $Delokalisierungsproze\ss$ ist die Realisierung der lokalen Adverbialbestimung dagegen optional.

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EFFECTS OF THE SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN ON COX-2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVATION OF ERKl/2 INDUCED BY PHORBOL ESTER AND TNF-$\alpha$ IN HUMAN BREAST EPITHELIAL CELL LINE (MCF10A)

  • Chung, Myung-Hoon;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Lee, Seung-Sei;Keum, Joo-Seob;Surh, Young-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.135-136
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    • 2001
  • Genistein has been shown to exert propective effects against chemically induced carcinogenesis in animals as well as malignant transformation in cultured cells, but molecular mechanisms of its chemopreventive or chemoprotective activities remain largely unresolved. In the present sturdy, we have investigated the effects of genistein on induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of carcinogenesis as well as in cellular response to inflammatory stimuli.(omitted)

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Effects of 4 Weeks Endurance Exercise on Expression of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase in Rat Back Skin Hair Follicle (4주간 지구성 운동이 흰쥐의 Back Skin Hair Follicle에서 ERK 및 JNK의 활성화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Mo-Kyung;Park, Han-Su;Jo, Sung-Cho;Chae, Jeong-Ryong;Kim, Mo-Young;Shin, Byung-Cheul
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.1211-1216
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    • 2006
  • The effect of a chronic programme of either low- or moderate-to-high-intensity treadmill running on the activation of the Extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), Phosphorylated ERK 1/2(pERK1/2) and the Phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(pJNK) pathways was determined in rat Back skin Hair follicle. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: (i) sedentary group(NE; n=10); (ii) low-intensity exercise group (Bm/min; LIE; n=10); and (iii) moderate-high-intensity exercise group(28m1min; HIE; n=10). The training regimens were planned so that animals covered the same distance and had similar utilization for both LIE and HIE exercise sessions. The report runs as follows; A single bout of LIE or HIE following 4 weeks of exercise led to a twofold increase in the phosphorylation of ERK2, pERK2 and a threefold increase in pJNKl, pERKl. ERKI phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled and pJNK2 in HIE Back skin sampled 48h after the last exercise bout was similar to sedentary values, while pJNK2 phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled was 70-80% lower than sedentary. 48h after the last exercise bout of LIE or HIE increased ERK2, pERKl and pJNKl expression, with the magnitude of this increase being independent of prior exercise intensity or duration. PERK1/2, pJNKl expression was increased Three- to fourfold in Back skin Hair follicle sampled 48h after the last exercise bout irrespective of the prior exercise programme, but ERKI expression in HIE Back skin sampled was approximately 90% lower than sedentary values. In conclusion, exercise-training of different jntensities/durations results in selective postexercise activation of intracellular signal pathways, which may be one mechanism regulating specific adaptations induced by diverse training programmes.

Die Analysen von Diskursstrukturen anhand einer neuen Diskursgrammatik (담화의 구조 - 새로운 담화문법의 설계)

  • Lee Hae-Yun
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.4
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    • pp.109-128
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    • 2001
  • Bei vorliegender Arbeit wurde eine sogenannte Diskursstrukturgrammatik (DSG) vorgestellt, die auf die $Erkl\"{a}rung$ von verschiedenen diskursbezogenen $Ph\"{a}nomenen$ zielt, und derer Grundlage auf 'Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)' basiert. Im Abschnitt 2 wurde die Syntax von DSG gegeben. Die Syntax besteht aus Grundsymbolen und Regeln. Die Grundsymbole teilen sich wiederum in grundlegende Diskurseinheiten und logische Konnektoren ein. Entsprechend der Syntax wurde die Semantik im Abschnitt 3 gegeben. Insbesondere habe ich das Diskursrelation­Prinzip aufgestellt, nach dem die Information eines Konnektoren die Bedeutung der neu gebildeten Diskurseinheit bestimmt. Im letzten Abschnitt 4 habe ich anhand der DSG zwei Beispiele analysiert, um zu zeigen, wie die DSG funktioniert. Von der Theorie aus gesehen, ist die vorgestellte DSG nicht $vollst\"{a}ndig$. Deshalb werde ich weiter die DSG systematisieren, indem ich andere $Ph\"{a}nomene$ im Bereich des Diskurses wie Anapher, Tempus usw. behandle

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