• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2019

This study proposes a new ERAM model with building population weighting. Previous studies of applying weightings on ERAM model on the scale of urban space were focused on the relationship between the street and the human behavior. However, this study focuses on the influences that buildings give to human behavior and develops a building population weighted ERAM model. This research starts by analyzing ERAM model to its basic compositions, which are adjacency matrix and row vector. It applies building population weighting to the row vector, while previous studies put weightings in the adjacency matrix. Building population weighted ERAM model calculates the building population weighting based on GIS data, which provides objective and massive data of buildings in the urban scale. For the verification of the model, Insa-dong and Myeong-dong were analyzed with both ERAM model and building population weighted ERAM model. The results were analyzed through the correlation test with actual pedestrian population data of the two districts. As a result, the explanation ability of building population weighted ERAM model for the pedestrian population turned out to be higher than the ERAM model. Since building population weighted ERAM model has the structure that can be combined with other weighted ERAM models, it is expected to develop a multi-weighted ERAM model with better explanation ability as a further study.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish a walking energy weighted ERAM model that can predict the pedestrian volume by the connection structure of the vertical and horizontal spaces within a three-dimensional building. The process of building a walking-energy weighted ERAM model is as follows. First, the spatial graph was used to reproduce three-dimensional buildings with vertical and horizontal spatial connection structures. Second, the walking energy was measured on the spatial graph. Third, ERAM model was used to apply weights with spatial connection properties in random walking environment, and the walking energy weights were applied to the ERAM model to calculate the walk energy weighted ERAM values and visualize the distribution of pedestrian flow. To verify the validation of the established model, existing and proposed spatial analysis models were compared to real space. The results of this study are as follows : The model proposed in this study showed as much elaborated estimation of pedestrian traffic flow in real space as in traditional spatial analysis models, and also it showed much higher level of forecasting pedestrian traffic flow in real space than existing models.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to propose a method for calculating the weight of walking energy in ERAM model by calculating it for the analysis of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building. Conventional theories on the space analysis in the field of architectural planning predict the pedestrian volume of network spaces in urban street or in two-dimensional plane within a building, however, for vertical and horizontal spaces in a building, estimates of the pedestrian volume by those theories are limited. Because in the spatial syntax and ERAM model have been applied weights such as the spatial depth, adjacent angles, and physical distances available only to the two-dimensional same layer or plane. Therefore, the following basic assumptions and analysis conditions in this study were established for deriving a predictor of pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces of a building. The basic premise of space analysis is not to address the relationship between the pedestrian volume and the spatial structure itself but to the properties of spatial structure connection that human beings experience. The analysis conditions in three-dimensional spaces are as follows : 1) Measurement units should be standardized on the same scale, and 2) The connection characteristics between spaces should influence the accessibility of human beings. In this regard, a factor of walking energy has the attributes to analyze the connection of vertical and horizontal spaces and satisfies the analysis conditions presented in this study. This study has two implications. First, this study has shown how to quantitatively calculate the walking energy after a factor of walking energy was derived to predict the pedestrian volume in vertical and horizontal spaces. Second, the method of calculating the walking energy can be applied to the weights of the ERAM model, which provided the theoretical basis for future studies to predict the pedestrian volume of vertical and horizontal spaces in a building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

Side roads on campus areone of the important factors affecting campus landscape and quality. So far, side roads have appeared irregularly and have been main causes for disrupting the campus landscape. The purpose of this study was to investigate side roads in three university campuses using Space Syntax and ERAM model and to find some typical characteristics of the campus in three universities: Kyungpook National University, Yeungnam University, and Keimyung University. Kyungpook National University and Yeungnam University had 68 and 64 places respectively showing a high frequency of side roads, while Keimyung University had only 13 side roads, a much lower frequency. Side roads, surveyed on site, appeared to be concentrated in some regions, and side roads were analyzed to have different frequencies and location depending on their specific function and characteristics, though roads have similar sizes and areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.22-25
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• 2007

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2011

The study on how visitors of a museum view exhibition is necessary for providing quality experience to the visitors. Previous studies on the movement of visitors of a museum focused on qualitative analysis after the follow-up survey. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out various ways to use quantitative analysis methods on the movement of visitors in the museum. Quantitative analysis of the exhibition place and movement of visitors was conducted using programs to produce quantitative results from the space analysis including VAE, VGA, V-ERAM and ESA. VAE and VGA helped to understand the spatial structure and ESA was helpful to predict how the flow of human traffic would be in the museum. If the programs are used all together, it would be easier to quantitatively predict how the How of human traffic would be in an exhibition room. However, this study is in its infancy, so following studies are necessary based on more data and results of analysis in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2015

As the economical and cultural levels become higher, the public have more various and new cultural desires, leading to an increase in the number and kinds of cultural facilities. Out of all the cultural facilities built in such a trend, art museums are the yardstick for a certain nation's cultural level, and the number of art museums is gradually increasing every year in Korea, as a cultural space where the public can make cultural exchanges with artists. On the contrary to the increasing number of art museums, however, the number of art museum visitors is decreasing every year, so various attempts are made to activate art museums in Korea. Thus, this study aims to seek a plan to activate the space of an art museum by improving the physical movement of art museum visitors, especially targeting small-sized ones out of all the art museums in Korea. For accurate analyses and verifications, this study used the visibility-ERAM program. As a result of analyses, this study found out and reconsidered several problems related to the space of art museums, and based on the results, the researcher could verify the related hypotheses, further comprehending possible errors of the proposed solution to those problems and supplement in a short period of time. Since such an analysis method and process has objective accuracy, it is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for future plans to activate the space of art museums.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.04b
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• pp.192-197
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• 1993

반도체 기억소자의 급격한 발전추세에 대응하기 위해서는 노광(exposure) 장비의 증첩정밀도 (overlay accuracy)가 같이 개선되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 64M ERAM 제조를 목적으로개발된 스텝 퍼(stepper) 시스템의 성능평가 항목 중에서 증첩정밀도에대한 측정방법 및 현재까지의 연구결과를 기술하였다. 제작된 웨이퍼 정렬계는 off-axis 및 TTL 광학계와 이들 정렬신호에 따라 움직이는 웨이 퍼 구동계로 구성되어 있다. off-axis 광학계는 화상처리와 회절의 두 가지 방식이 가능하도록 설계 제작되었으며, TTL 광학계는 dual beam interferometric method를 이용하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 웨이퍼 정렬계의 특성을 평가한 것으로서, 현재까지 off-axis 정렬 방법만으로 얻은 증첩정밀도는 0.26-0.29$\mu$m (m+3 $\sigma$ )이다. 따라서 여기에 이미 제작되어 있는 TLL 정렬광학계를 추가로 사용하면 0.1 $\mu$m 이하의 정밀도에 이를 것으로 예측된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.411-427
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• 2016

In this study, by using finite element non-linear static analysis and comparing it with experimental models, the buckling and post-buckling behavior of bracing gusset plates has been investigated. The effects of such parameters as dimension and thickness of the gusset plate and the influence of position of the bracing member on the behavior of gusset plate have been examined. The results of the analyses clearly suggest that capacity, buckling and post-buckling behaviors of gusset plates depend on the position of the bracing splice plate with respect to the free bending line as well as on the size and thickness of the gusset plate. Also, with respect to numerical analysis results, some practical graphs for the calculation of buckling capacity of gusset plate connections are presented. For steel structures, the proposed method is apparently more accurate than available code procedures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2005

In this paper, we first applied the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process to the planarization of ferroelectric film in order to obtain a good planarity of electrode/ferroelectric film interface. $Pb_{1.1}(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ (shortly PZT) ferroelectric film was fabricated by the sol-gel method. And then, we compared the structural characteristics before and after CMP process of PZT films. Their dependence on slurry composition was also investigated. We expect that our results will be useful promise of global planarization for ferroelectric random access memories (FRAM) application in the near future.