• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine effects of fermented brown seaweed waste (FBSW) on milk production, composition and physiological responses as functional feed for 60 days in Holstein dairy cows. A total of 24 Holstein dairy cows (average age 49.33 months, average lactation days 175, Reproduction 2.0) were randomly allocated into control(basal diet), 1% FBSW (180g in basal diet) and 2% FBSW (360g in basal diet) groups with 8 replications for 60 days. Daily milk yield and composition (fat, protein, SNF, MUN) were not affected by FBSW supplementation, but Ca level in milk was significantly increased 4.29 mg/dl and 2.91 mg/dl in 1% and 2% groups compared to control group (p<0.05) at the end of the experiment, respectively. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk was not significant. The plasma $T_4$ level (concentration) were increased in 1% and 2% FBSW compared to control group at the end of the experiment (p<0.05), but between triiodothyronine ($T_3$) and thyroxin ($T_4$) levels were not significant. Concentrations of plasma glucose in control, 1% FBSW and 2% FBSW groups were 64. 37mg/dl, 66.15mg/dl and 73.02 mg/dl and plasma NEFA level was 0.30~0.32 mEq/dl. Concentrations of BUN tended to be higher for FBSW group than control group. Although WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, T-B, ALP, and GPT levels were not affected by FBSW supplementation, GOT level was significantly decreased in cows fed 1% FBSE diet compared to control group (P<0.05). Therefore we strongly suggest that the 1% FBSW supplementation in basal diet increases the milk yield and Ca level in Holstein dairy cows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine the simultaneous extraction conditions of functional components (lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, total polyphenol, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds) from sweet potato leaves and to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Extraction conditions included different ethanol concentrations (1st extraction: 99.9% ethanol; 2nd extraction: 50~90% ethanol) and times (30, 60, and 90 min). The highest values of lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene content were obtained by the 2nd extraction at an ethanol concentration of 90%. The extraction yields of lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene decreased with increasing extraction time. The maximum polyphenol, flavonoid, and total phenolic acid contents and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities were 32.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 17.0 mg catechin equivalent/g, 2,842.6 mg/100 g, 17.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g, and 1.94 mg/mL ($IC_{50}$) at the 2nd extraction with an ethanol concentration of 60%. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows; ethanol concentrations of the extraction solvent were 99.9% (1st extraction) and 60% (2nd extraction), and extraction time was 30 min.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2017

This study evaluated the functional components of barley bran with different particle sizes and cultivars (Dahan, Hinchalssalbori, Heukgwang, Huknuri, and Boseokchal). Barley bran divided into fractions I (<60 mesh), II (60~100 mesh), and III (>100 mesh) was collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of consecutive barley pearlers. Total ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. Total arabinoxylan was the highest in barley bran from Boseokchal in fraction II. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in bran from Boseokchal and Hinchalssal in fraction II, and contents ranged of 5.61~7.00 and 4.24~6.58, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranged from 2.78~7.53 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA) eq/g and 2.24~4.83 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were the highest in barley bran from Dahan in fraction II. In this study, fraction II showed enriched functional components and has the best particle size range for enriched antioxidant activities. These results provide useful data for selection of appropriate cultivars and particle size of bran to achieve high quality barley processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.500-508
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of jujube extracts on intestinal microflora, along with their antioxidant activities, according to extraction method. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were measured using the agar diffusion method with a jujube extract concentration of 50 mg/mL. Neither the first nor second jujube extracts were inhibitory against the tested intestinal bacteria. However, water extracts of jujube significantly enhanced the growth of lactic acid bacteria, especially Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Total phenol compounds and flavonoid compounds were higher in the 1st than in the 2nd water extracts. The EDA values of both water and ethanol extracts increased in proportion to the extract concentration. The 1st water extract showed the highest value among all the others, which was 85.60% at the concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. Furthermore, the 1st water extract showed stronger antioxidant activity than the other samples with an activity of 679.91 mg AA eq/g. These results support the potential use of jujube water extracts as a functional food component and a valuable resource for the development of nutraceutical foods, to increase the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in the human intestine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1128-1131
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• 1999

Antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of the extracts of Castanea crenata leaf tea, steamed tea and semi-fermented tea were investigated. Antioxidative effects were by measuring the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)-radical scavening activity of the extracts. The effects were stronger than that of synthetic antioxidant such as BHT at the same concentration. The $SC_{50}$ value (50% radical scavening effects of $1{\times}10^{-4}$ M DPPH) of steamed tea, semi-fermented tea and BHT were 53.3 ${\mu}g/mL$, 49.9 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 101.0 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The antimicrobial effects of methanol extracts (8 mg, 20 mg) of 0.2 g and 0.5 g. eq. of Castanea crenata leaf tea were stronger than those of 0.65 mg of benzoic acid, against gram(+) bacteria such as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, M. luteus, L. mesenteroides and B. subtilis and gram(-) bacteria such as E. coli, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2 s.21
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• pp.67-76
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• 2005

We synthesized an energetic prepolymer(glycidyl dinitro propyl formal, GDNPF) for plastic-bonded explosive and measured its thermodynamic parameters. Glycidyl dinitro propyl formal(GDNPF) as an energetic monomer was epoxidized from allyl-2,2-dinitro propyl formal which is reacted with dinitro propyl alcohol and excess allyl alcohol, and then energetic polymer of GDNPF was polymerized by cationic ring opening polymerization. Thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the ceiling temperature($T_c$) values of 1 mole monomer at reaction temperature. We varied feed rate of monomer, concentration of initiator and monomer to control molecular weight and polydispersity of prepolymer (GDNPF). The activated monomer polymerization has been executed with precisely controlled feed of GDNPF monomer to reactor in the complex state catalyst generated by $BF_3{\cdot}(C_3H_5)_2$ and 1,4-butanediol in $C_2H_4Cl_2$. Number average molecular weight(Mn), polydispersity(Pd), hydroxy number and glass transition temperature($T_g$) of prepolymer(GDNPF) were $2,500{\sim}3,000,\;1.2{\sim}1,3,\;0.6{\sim}0.8eq/kg\;and\;-20{\sim}-25^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2005

Antimicrobial effects of the extracts from Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The antimicrobial effects of methanol extract (8 mg, 20 mg) of 0.2 g and 0.5 g. eq. of Castanea crenata leaf was stronger than that of 0.65 mg of benzoic acid against Gram(+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bacillus subtilig and Gram(-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Growth inhibition of various microorganisms was observed in Castanea crenata leaf, therefor the Castanea crenata leaf were solvent fractionated. The ethyl acetate-soluble acidic and phenolic fraction were showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms tested. The acidic fraction was purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC, subsequantly. The antimicrobial active substance isolated from the acid fraction of Castanea crenata leaf was characterized as stigmast-5-en-3-ol($\beta$-sitosterol) by MS and NMR analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.470-474
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to identify antioxidant substance in heated onion. The isolation of active compound was performed in three steps: silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. The structure of the purified compound was determined using spectroscopic methods, i.e., ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and DEPT. The antioxidant activities of isolated compound were evaluated and compared with $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) using DPPH and ABTS assay. The isolated compound was identified as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one(DDMP). The DPPH radical-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) of the DDMP was in the following order: ascorbic acid (45.3 ${\mu}g/mL$)>$\alpha$-tocopherol (69.2 ${\mu}g/mL$)>DDMP (241.6 ${\mu}g/mL$)>BHT (268.0 ${\mu}g/mL$). In addition, DDMP showed strong ABTS radical-scavenging activity of 569.0 mg AA eq/g.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2003

We synthesized a contrast agent for MRI that is capable of binding to the ABP-1 receptor and enhancing the contrast of the targeted cells. We used a lysine dendrimer (G=3)DTPA[Gd] as the contrast agent and synthesized a biotinylated polyclonal antibody for ABP-1 as the first antibody. Lysine dendrimers were prepared using the solid phase peptide synthesis method.$^3$ Amino-terminated lysine dendrimers were then coupled to DTPA using the anhydride method. Gd was complexed with the DTPA-lysine dendrimer in an acidic solution of 3 eq GdCl$_3$ to one of DTPA. The lysine dendrimer-DTPA[Gd] and avidin were conjugated in MES solution, pH 6.0, using EDC as the coupling reagent. The biotin-avidin system was used to link the polyclonal antibody and contrast agent. K562 cells were used for imaging.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.2000-2010
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• 2021

Mechanical moduli, such as Young's modulus (E), Bulks modulus (B), Shear modulus (S), longitudinal modulus (L), Poisson's ratio (σ) and micro Hardness (H) were theoretically calculated for (100-x)TeO₂+x MgO glasses, where x = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45 mol%, based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The estimated results showed that the mechanical moduli and the microhardness of the glasses were improved with the increase of the MgO contents in the TM glasses, while Poisson's ratio decreased with the increase in MgO content. Moreover, the radiation shielding capacity was evaluated for the studied TM glasses. Thus, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), transmission factor (TF) and half-value thickness (𝚫_0.5) were simulated for gamma photon energies between 0.344 and 1.406 MeV. The simulated results showed that glass TM10 with 10 mol % MgO possess the highest LAC and varied in the range between 0.259 and 0.711 cm^-1, while TM45 glass with 45 mol % MgO possess the lowest LAC and vary in the range between 0.223 and 0.587 cm^-1 at gamma photon energies between 0.344 and 1.406 MeV. Furthermore, the BXCOM program was applied to calculate the effective atomic number (Z_eff), equivalent atomic number (Z_eq) and buildup factors (EBF and EABF) of the glasses. The effective removal cross-section for the fast neutrons (ERCSFN, ∑_R) was also calculated theoretically. The received data depicts that the lowest ∑_R was achieved for TM10 glasses, where ∑_R = 0.0193 cm² g^-1, while TM45 possesses the highest ERCSFN where ∑_R = 0.0215 cm² g^-1.