• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish the research direction of heat stress in dairy cows by searching papers and patents. Research papers published before 2014 through National Digital Science Library (NDSL) and patents registered with United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Japan Patent Office (JPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) were investigated using the key words of heat stress index, genetics, facilities and feed. The research trend for heat stress in dairy cows was analyzed with 182 papers and 282 patents. Global warming due to increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases is a major interest in recent years. The papers related with heat stress in cattle were increased after 2006. Besides, patents connected with facilities and feed will be increased due to development of ICT. In particular, the various studies including patents about heat stress in dairy cows will be needed to conduct because the climate of southern Korean peninsula is changing from temperate to subtropic.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-41
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• 1992

A new and unique class of nonionic surfactants was synthesized by reacting biological a-tocopherol with ethylene oxide for functional cosmetics. The structures were confirmed by Hl-UMR, FT-lR, TLC and elemental analysis. POV and conjugated diene value study for EPO showed POE(n)TE had antioxidative effect similar to tocopheryl acetate Protective effect on cell membrane in photohemolysis of POE(5)TE, POE(10)TE and POE(18)TE were slightly lower than tocopherol but higher than nonoxynol-12, and POE(10)TE had UV absorption power comparable with tocopherol and homosalate. Biological activity of the hydrophobic group of the new surfactants make them unique and different from those of conventional nonionic surfactants Systematic safety evaluations of POE(n)TEs on the skin and eye proved that they are as safe as tocopherol. The results of physicochemical study showed POE(10)TE had the lowest CMC value, POE(18)TE had the maximum surface tension reduction and the highest foam volume and POE(n)TEs had various HLB values by the degree of ethoxylation. The test resul Is of technological and practical applications of these surfactants for cosmetics showed some POE(n)TEs were superior to conventional surfactants. POE(5)TE in W/O emulsions, POE(10)TE and POE(12)TE in O/W emulsions, POE(12)TE in dispersions, POE(18)TE in solubilizations and POE(50)TE in gelations were shown to be excellent which was considered due to the structural characteristic and formation of liquid crystals of POE(n)TEs. By the development and applications of these excel lent multi-functional surfactants, innovative functional cosmetics were successfully formulated.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 1998

DA-3585 is a recombinant human erythropoietin produced by Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. using recombinant DNA technique. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. In this study, we examined acute and subacute toxicity of DA-3585 in rats. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rats at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500 and 25,000 lU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0,100,500 and 2,500IU/kg daily for 4 week-repeated dose toxicity study. In the single dose toxicity study, there were no death, clinical signs and changes in body weight gain related to the treatment. Necropsy revealed no evidence of toxicity related to DA-3585, In the repeated dose toxicity study, all the rats survived throughout the study. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs, food and water intake, and body weight. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular volume, and decrease in the number of platelet in 500 and 2,500 lU/kg dosed groups. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow were noted as treatment-related histological changes. Toxicologically significant changes were not observed in blood biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weights and in any other examinations. The treatment-related changes observed in this study were hematological or histological changes associated with pharmacological effects of DA-3585. On the basis of the results of this study, LD5n value of DA-3585 was above 25,000 lU/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was estimated to be 100 lU/kg.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1317-1341
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• 2021

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is adopted to enable effective and smooth communication among different networks. In some specific application, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in IoT to gather peculiar data without the interaction of human. The WSNs are self-organizing in nature, so it mostly prefer multi-hop data forwarding. Thus to achieve better communication, a cross-layer routing strategy is preferred. In the cross-layer routing strategy, the routing processed through three layers such as transport, data link, and physical layer. Even though effective communication achieved via a cross-layer routing strategy, energy is another constraint in WSN assisted IoT. Cluster-based communication is one of the most used strategies for effectively preserving energy in WSN routing. This paper proposes a Bio-inspired cross-layer routing (BiHCLR) protocol to achieve effective and energy preserving routing in WSN assisted IoT. Initially, the deployed sensor nodes are arranged in the form of a grid as per the grid-based routing strategy. Then to enable energy preservation in BiHCLR, the fuzzy logic approach is executed to select the Cluster Head (CH) for every cell of the grid. Then a hybrid bio-inspired algorithm is used to select the routing path. The hybrid algorithm combines moth search and Salp Swarm optimization techniques. The performance of the proposed BiHCLR is evaluated based on the Quality of Service (QoS) analysis in terms of Packet loss, error bit rate, transmission delay, lifetime of network, buffer occupancy and throughput. Then these performances are validated based on comparison with conventional routing strategies like Fuzzy-rule-based Energy Efficient Clustering and Immune-Inspired Routing (FEEC-IIR), Neuro-Fuzzy- Emperor Penguin Optimization (NF-EPO), Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning-based Data Gathering (FRLDG) and Hierarchical Energy Efficient Data gathering (HEED). Ultimately the performance of the proposed BiHCLR outperforms all other conventional techniques.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.377-390
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• 2017

This study identified technological trends through an analysis of patents for the industrialization of personal protection and convenience equipment using information and communication technology (ICT) as a part of efforts to prevent farm work-related disasters. The analysis was conducted on patents registered and published between January 1974 and May 2016 by the world's five largest intellectual property offices, including the KIPO, USPTO, JPO, EPO, and SIPO. The results of the analysis indicate that the US (36.8%) and South Korea (30.9%) led technological research and development (R&D) with frequent patent applications. An analysis of the technological market revealed that these countries are in the growth and maturity stages, in which the number of patents and number of patent applicants grow rapidly. In terms of the technological market shares of major countries, the US recorded the highest market shares in the field of sensing systems for workers' dangerous conditions and convenience protection equipment based on the internet of things (IoT) convergence. South Korea marked the highest share of 41.8% in the field of sensing devices for dangerous conditions in the working environment. An analysis of the trend of patent applications by specific technologies disclosed the following results: sensing systems for workers' dangerous conditions accounted for the highest share (49.2%), followed by IoT convergence-based convenience protection equipment (26.3%) and sensing devices for dangerous conditions in the working environment (24.6%). Based on this study, ICT-based personal protection and convenience equipment technologies are expected to be actively developed in the future. It will be necessary to secure national competitiveness through R&D investments and commercialization in personal protection and convenience equipment appropriate for farm work as well as through the acquisition of patent technologies and intellectual property rights.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2003

소의 수정란이식에 있어서 성공적인 임신을 위해서는 수란우의 적절한 영양상태, 양질의 수정란, 이식 시술자의 기술력과 수란우와 수정란의 적절한 동기화가 필수 요인이라 사료된다. 특히, 적절한 동기화를 위해서 발정관찰은 필수적이지만 번거롭고 장시간동안 관찰을 해야 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있도록 발정동기화 처리방법을 비교, 검토하여 수정란이식에 있어서 효과적인 발정동기화 방법을 모색하고자 실시하였다. 발정동기화 방법은 Fig 1과 같이 CIDR처리방법(A군)과 GnRH 처리방법(B군)을 사용하였으며, 황체의 등급은 직장검사와 초음파 진단기를 이용하여 직경이 2cm 이상, 1~2cm와 1cm 미만의 황체를 각각 1등급, 2등급과 3등급으로 분류하였다. 또한 본 실험에 공시된 수정란은 체외 생산된 한우 배반포기의 수정란을 사용하였으며, 1등급의 황체를 가진 수란우만을 선별하여 비외과적인 방법으로 황체가 존재하는 자궁각심부에 이식하였다. 임신진단은 이식 후 45~60일에 직장검사와 초음파진단을 이용하여 실시하였다. 발정동기화처리결과는 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 A군과 B군에서 발정발현율이 각각 100%와 96%로 나타났으며, 이식하기에 적합한 1등급 황체의 출현율이 65.4%와 56%로 A군에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 발정동기화 처리방법에 따른 수정란 이식 후 수태율은 A군에서 신선란과 동결란일 때 각각 66.7%와 60%로 나타나 B군의 22.2%와 0%의 결과보다 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 수정란 이식을 위한 발정동기화 방법은 CIDR 처리방법을 적용하는 것이 GnRH 처리방법 보다 효율적이라 사료된다.다. 특히 기능황체에서의 특이적 발현 spot을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로부터 황체의 progesterone분비기능의 역할을 수행하기 위한 단백질들이 전, 중기에 발현된다는 것을 알 수 있고 퇴행황체에서는 발현이 안되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 다른 양상을 띤 spot을 분리하여 어떤 단백질인지를 분석하여 각각의 황체단백질의 특성을 규명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.적율(HCT)을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 적혈구 평균용적(Mean Corpuscular Volume ; MCV), 평균적혈구혈색소량(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ; MCH), 평균적혈구혈색소농도(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ; MCHC) 그리고 혈소판(Platelets) 분석결과 형질전환돼지가 일반돼지보다 약간 높은 수치를 나타냈으며 변화양상 또한 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 시험분석결과를 토대로 사람 조혈촉진유전자(hEPO)가 형질전환된 돼지는 유즙으로 발현할 수 있도록 형질전환 되었음에도 불구하고 헤모글로빈 및 적혈구가 증가함으로서 형질전환돼지 개체의 혈장으로도 사람 조혈촉진인자가 분비하고 있음을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다. 정상돼지 보다 형질전환돼지가 약 30% 높은HCT 수준을 보였으며 이러한 현상은 사람에서는 적혈구증다증(erythrocytosis)으로 분류되고 있다. 이에 대한 고찰은 형질전환돼지 자체의 생리적 문제점(side effects)에 대한 해결과 더불어 기존의 인간질병에 대한 모델동물로서의 이용 가능성을 제시할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.mu\textrm{m}$ 300BG는 56.32$\mu\tex

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia + vitamin E (250 mg/kg $BW^*d$) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha ($HIF-1{\alpha}$ and $HIF-2{\alpha}$), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65(NF-${\kappa}B$ P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1090-1099
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• 2007

Myristicin, l-allyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxybenzene, was one of the major essential oils of nutmeg. However, its anti-allergic effect in the Th1/Th2 immune response was poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that T-bet and GATA-3 was master Th1 and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether myristicin regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine production, T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. Myristicin reduced levels of IL-4, Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. In the other side, it increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, Th1 cytokine production in myristicin administrated mice. We also examined to ascertain whether myristicin could influence eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. After being sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) showed typical asthmatic reactions. These reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of myristicin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, these findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of myristicin in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.333-341
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• 1999

Background and Methods: In order to evaluate characteristics and modulatory factors of blood pressure in peritoneal dialysis(PD), studies were conducted on the 69 patients who had underwent peritoneal equilibration test(PET). Results: The results were as follows; 1) All patients received an antihypertensive drug before PD, but, 15 of 69 patients successfully quit taking the antihypertensive drug after peritoneal dialysis. 2) During peritoneal dialysis, mean arterial pressure(MAP) was significantly decreased for the first 3 months, and this lasted for 1 year, and antihypertensive drug requirements were significantly decreased continuously up to 9 months(p<0.05). 3) After changing the modality from hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis, MAP(mmHg, from $107.0{\pm}4.5$ to $98.6{\pm}8.8$, p<0.05), antihypertensive drug requirements(from $5.6{\pm}2.6$, to $2.0{\pm}2.5$, p<0.01) and erythropoietin dosages(Uint/week, from $4600{\pm}2660$ to $2000{\pm}1630$, p<0.05) were decreased. 4) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MAP(p<0.01) and daily ultrafiltration volume(p<0.05) can contribute to the determination of antihypertensive drug requirements. However the relationship between antihypertensive drug requirements and PET results or dialysis adequacy indices(weekly Kt/V, weekly creatinine clearance) was not revealed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prescription of antihypertensive drugs should be considered according to daily ultrafiltration volume, especially during first year after initiating PD, and follow-ups for over a year may be needed.