• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.586-594
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• 2013

Post-translational O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of serine or threonine is a new protein modulation mechanism. In contrast to the classical glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation occurs in a one-step transfer of O-GlcNAc on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. In contrast to the general consensus that O-GlcNAc is a final modification, a recent paper (J Proteome Res. 2011 10:2725-2733) showed the presence of O-GlcNAc-P on a synaptic assembly protein AP180. This finding raises a fundamental question about its prevalence. To address this question, we used proteomics to identify those proteins that were phospho-signal enriched by GlcNAc kinase (NAGK). Comparison of pDsRed2-$NAGK_{WT}$-transfected HEK293T cell extract with pDsRed2-$NAGK_{D107A}$-transfected control culture revealed 15 phospho-signal increased spots. Excluding those spots that had no detectable amount of protein expression yielded 7 spots, which were selected for ID determination. Among these, two duplicate spots (two $HSP90{\beta}$ and two ENO1 spots) were shown to be O-GlcNAcylated, two (dUTP nucleotidohydrolase mitochondrial isoform 2, glutathione S-transferase P) were not known to be involved in O-GlcNAcylation, and one (heat shock protein gp96 precursor or grp94) was a glycoprotein. The increase in the phospho-levels of O-GlcNAc by NAGK strongly indicates that these proteins are phosphorylated on O-GlcNAc. Our present data support the idea that O-GlcNAc is not a terminal modification.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, relationship, prognosis and improvement score of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients according to constitutional differentiation ; Sasang constition, Hyungsang classification, Sasang constition combined with Hyungsang classification. Methods : A study was done on 102 patients who were diagnosed and treated as idiopathic facial palsy from April 2012 to Nomember 2012 at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution Medicine, Dong-eui Oriental University Hospital. Medical records of inpatinets who underwent facial ENoG, NET test were analyzed. Changes of HBGS grade and Yanagihara's score were also evaluated. We classified inpaients acording to Sasang constitution by consulting to Department of Sasang constitutinal medicine, and to Hyungsang classification(Dam-body, Bangkwang-body) by measuring under medical system of 3D facial shapes(RS-400FL). The constitutional differentiation and general characteristics were initially analyzed, and valuse on ENoG, NET were correlated with constitutinal differentiation. Results of HBGS and Yanagihara's score were also correlated with constitutinal differentiation. Results : 1. Each 39.2 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were the Taeeumin and Soyangin, 21.6 percent were the Soeumin. 2. 75.5 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatients were the Bangkwang-body, 24.5 percent were the Dam-body. 3. 34.3 percent of idiopathic facial palsy inpatinets were the Taeeum-Bangkwang, 21.6 percent were the Soyang-Bangkwang, 19.6 percent were the Soeum-Bangkwang, 17.6 percent were the Soyang-Dam, 4.9 percent were the Taeem-Dam, 2 percent were the Soeum-Dam. 4. By sex, the each ratio of Taeeumin, Soeumin, Bangkwang-body, Taeeum-Bangkwang, Soeum-Bangkwang, Soyang-Bangkwang was higher in female, that of Dam-body, Taeeum-Dam, Soyang-Dam was higher in male. 5. By relations between Sasang constitution and Hyungsang classification, the each ratio of Taeeumin and Soeumin was higher in Bangkwang-body. 6. By values on ENoG and NET, evaluations of HBGS's grade and Yanagihara's score, there were no significant difference. Conclusions : In idiopathic facial palsy inpatients, the proportion of Taeeum and Soyang among the Sasang constitution was higher, that of Dam among the Hyungsang classification was higher, that of Taeeum-Bangkwang among the Sasang combined with Hyungsang was the highest. It would seem that Bangkwang-body, female were closely related to Taeeumin, Soeumin. Also, Dam-body were closely related to male. But when comparing groups, there was no statistically significant difference in prognosis and improvement.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2001

In order to overexpress constitutively the Kluyveromyces marxianus exoinulinase gene (INUI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, four episomal expression systems employing GAPDH, ADHI, PGK and ENOI promoters were constructed as p YIGP aADHI -INU, pPGK-INU, and pENOI- INU plasmids respectively, When S cereviais transformants harboring each plasmid were batchwisely cultivated in the fermentor containing 5% glucose medium no significant differences in the cell growth are observed How- ever the experession level of exoinulinase and plasmid stability showed a strong dependency on the promoter employed. The expression levels of exoinulinase were about 1.70 unit/ml for GAPDH promoter 1.67 unit/ml for PGK promoter, 1.29 unit /ml for ADH1 promoter, and 0.80 unit/ml for ENOl promoter. The plasmid stabilites were maintaines above 80% in all experession systems. except the GAPDH promoter system of 55%, Based on the plas- mid stability and expression level of exoinulinase the ADHl and PGK promoter system were selected for the fed - batch culture to overproduce exoinulinase By the intermittent feeding of yeast extract and glucose, both promoter systems gave the cell concentration of about 30 g-dry cell weight/1 byt the maximal exoinulinase activity of 3.70 unit/ml and plasmid stability of 96% in the ADH1 promoter were higher than those (2.70 unit/ml, 80%) of PGK sys- tem Taking into account the plasmid stability and extended culture time the ADH1 promoter systems would be the most feasible expression systems for the constitutive overproduction of exoinulinase through high cell-density fed- batch cultures using non-selective rich medium.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

An axisymmetric supersonic screeching jet is numerically simulated to examine the length scales of screech frequency as well as screech tone generation mechanism. The axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in conjuction with a modified Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are employed. It is demonstrated that the axisymmetric jet screech tones can be simulated correctly and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Instability waves, shock-cell structures and the phenomena of shock motion are investigated in detail to identify the screech tone generation mechanism. Shock spacings and standing wave length are analyzed to determine the dominent length scale crucial to the screech frequency formulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

An axisymmetric supersonic jet is simulated at a Mach number of 1.5 and a Reynolds number of $10^5$ to identify the mechanism of sound radiation from the jet. The present simulation is performed based on the high-order accuracy and high-resolution ENO(Essentially Non-Oscillatory) schemes to capture the time-dependent flow structure representing the sound source. In this simulation, optimum expansion jet is selected as a target, where the pressure at nozzle exit is equal to that of the ambient pressure, to see pure shear layer growth without effect of change in jet cross section due to expansion or shock wave generated at nozzle exit. Shock waves are generated near vortex rings, and discernible pressure waves called Mach wave are radiated in the downstream direction with an angle from the jet axis, which is characteristic of high speed jet noise. Furthermore, vortex roll-up phenomena are observed through the visualization of vorticity contours.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.389-392
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• 2001

To investigate the generation mechanism of the shock-associated noise, an underexpanded supersonic jet from an axisymmetic nozzle is simulated under the conditions of the Nozzle exit Mach number of 2 and the exit pressure ratio of Pe/Pe =1.5. The present simulation is performed based on the high-order accuracy and high-resolution ENO (Essentially Non-Oscillatory) scheme to capture the time-dependent flow structure representing the sound source. It was found that the shock-associated noise is generated by the weak interaction between the downstream propagating large turbulence structures of the jet flow and the quasi-periodic shock cell structure during the one is passing through the other. The directivity of propagating waves to the upstream is clearly shown in the visualization of pressure field. It is shown that the present calculation of the centerline pressure distribution is in fare agreement with the experimental data at the location of first shock cell.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 1992

Askin tumor is rare malignant small round cell tumor that orgins from interconstal nerve of chest in children It was not until 1979 that Askin first reported that tumor. Although few sporadic reports had been reported, its incidence were too low to analize its clinical featurs. That tumors prognosis is so grave that no therapy would success to cure, but early diagnosis and enbloc excision with following combind chemotherapy and radiotherapy will prolong their survival. Other small round cell tumors of chest wall that must differentiate are Ewing`s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and pulmonary bla-stoma. The most prominant histologic charactersistics of this tumor is neuron specific eno-lase which is detected with immunohistochemistry technique, and neurosecretary electron dense granules within cytoplasm. We expirienced a case of Askin tumor occuring 12-year-old female who has huge right lower chest mass with dull chest pain. She have been underwent excision and postoperative radiotherapy. We are following her up for months and there is no evidence of local recurrence.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 2004

An axisymmetric supersonic jet is simulated at a Mach number 2.1 and a Reynolds numberof 70000 to identify the mechanism of Mach wave generation and radiation from the jet. In orderto provide the near-field radiated sound directly and resolve the large-scale vortices highly.high-resolution essentially non-oscillatory(ENO) scheme, which is one of the ComputationalAeroAcoustics(CAA) techniques, is newly employed. Perfectly expanded supersonic jet is selectedas a target to see pure shear layer growth and Mach wave radiation without effect of change injet cross section due to expansion or shock wave generated at nozzle exit. The sound field ishighly directional and dominated by Mach waves generated near the end of potential core. Thenear field sound pressure levels as well as the aerodynamic properties of the jet, such asmean-flow parameters are in fare agreement with experimental data.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 1999

Regular exercise is effective in preventing coronary disease such as angina pectoris and infarction, inside it can lower the blood pressure and aids in weight control and release of stress. Risk factors of arteriosclerosis is hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity and excessive smoking. Arteriosclerosis begins at young age worsens with age, particulary in male. For people with risk factors of arteriosclerosis, it is important to prevent arteriosclerosis-related disease with dietary, living pattern and exercise prescription. Dietary fibers promote exercise of the digestive tract and shortens the time food remains inside the digestive tract. It can prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis and colin cancer by blocking the absorption of cholesterol. Various vegetables and sea foods are lichen unsaturated fats and prevent the absorption of cholesterol inside the digestive tract. Essential fatty acids and unsaturated fats which are contained in vegetable oils, promotes metabolism while preventing absorption. In fruits, pectin water-soluble fiber, is present and lowers the level of cholesterol. By consuming foods that low in cholesterol and saturated fats, and rich in unsaturated fats, aliomentotherapy alone can reduce the plasma cholesterol by 10~l5$\%$. For ideal exercise, it should be aerobic with intensity of 60~80$\%$ HRmax, duration of 15~60min/day. The frequancy of 3~6/week is desirable the better exercise prescription is endurance aerobic exercise. To get more effect exercise, exercise consistency is very important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.46-54
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• 2006

The methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic environmental pollutant, causing serious neurological and developmental effects in humans. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that ingestion of MeHg in fish during pregnancy can result in neuroethological effects in the offspring. However, the mechanism underlying the MeHg-toxicity is not fully understood. To elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity of MeHg and of defense against MeHg, we searched for factors that determine the sensitivity of yeast cells to MeHg, and found that overexpression of Cdc34, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) that is a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome (UP) system, induces a resistance to MeHg toxicity in both yeast and human cells. The UP system is involved in the intracellular degradation of proteins. When Cdc34 is overexpressed in cells, ubiquitination reactions are activated and the degradation of certain proteins by the UP system is enhanced. Therefore, it seems likely that certain as-yet-unidentified proteins that increase MeHg toxicity might exist in cons and that toxicity might be reduced by the enhanced degradation of such proteins, mediated by the UP system, when Cdc34 is overexpressed. SCF ubiquitin-ligase is a component of UP system and consists of Skpl, the scaffold protein Cdc53, the RING-finger protein Hrt1, and one member of the family of F-box proteins. The F-box proteins directly bind to the substrates and are the determinants of substrate specificity of SCF. Therefore, we searched for the f-box protein that cofers resistance to MeHg, and found that overexpression of Hrt3 or Yi1224w induced resistance to MeHg toxicity in yeast cells. Since the protein(5) that enhance toxicity of MeHg might plausibly be induced in substrates of both f-box proteins, we next searched for substrate proteins that are recognized by Hrt3 or Y1r224w using two-hybrid screen. We found that Did3 or Crsl interacts with Hrt3; and Eno2 interacts with Yir224w. The yeast cells that overexpressed each those proteins showed hypersensitivity to MeHg, respectively, indicating that those proteins enhance the MeHg toxicity. Both Dld3 and Eno2 are proteins involved in the synthesis of pyruvate, and overexpression of both proteins might induce increase in interacellular levels of pyruvate. Deletion of Yi1006w that transports pyruvate into the mitochondria induced aresistance to MeHg. These results suggest that the promotion of the pyruvate irdlowinto the mitochondria might enhance MeHg toxicity. This study providesimportant keyfor the elucidauon of the molecular mechanism of MeHg toxicity.