• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.7 no.3 s.31
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2006

For construction projects, it is required to estimate the Environmental Management Cost(EMC) for pollution prevention, using the calculation standards prescribed in the Construction Technology Management Law(CTML). However, the EMC standards are difficult to utilize without definite site information. Therefore, it is needed a new calculation method reflecting project site information. According to the definition of EMC in the CTML, this study identifies the EMC items and classifies them into the pollution types such as air, water, noise, waste and others. With this EMC classification, the stud:』 analyzes using the SPSS the EMC for the 78 new multi-housing projects, which were executed during the past three years, 2000-2002. And then an EMC estimating matrix is developed with simple information such as site location and size of area from historical data. The proposed matrix can be effectively used to check and control budgeting and estimating the EMC of the multi-housing projects. In addition, the proposed EMC matrix are validated through a case study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.455-463
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an air sampling and analytical method for estimating worker exposure to linear carbonate solvents and to evaluate the method. Methods: The target substances were three linear carbonates: DMC, DEC, EMC. GC/FID was used for sample analysis. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine desorption solvents and sample capacity, and to evaluate storage stability, accuracy, and precision. Results: Coconut Shell Charcoal (CSC, 100/50 mg) was used as the air sampling media, and a desorption solvent of 5% methanol/95% dichloromethane was selected. Recommended sampling capacities were 1~11 ℓ for DMC, 1~18 ℓ for DEC, and 1~24 ℓ for EMC. The stability of three linear carbonates was demonstrated over 30 days in a refrigerator (4℃). Detection limits were determined as follows: DMC 0.26 ㎍/sample, DEC 0.24 ㎍/sample, and EMC 0.25 ㎍/sample. The total coefficient of variation was calculated as DMC 0.064, DEC 0.079, and EMC 0.07. Conclusions: This sampling and analysis method is suitable for estimating personal exposure to linear carbonates in the workplace.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2008

Partial discharge were simulated by conductive particle which could be easy accumulated charge and concentrated electric field in the model GIS. Radiated electromagnetic waves were measured and analyzed by using spectrum analyzer and antenna ($30{\sim}2000[MHz]$) for measurement of EMI EMC in accordance with occurrence and propagation of partial discharge. This paper suggested the other method of detecting and estimating of partial discharge for insulation diagnosis of GIS being conductive particle by measurement and analysis of radiated electromagnetic waves. From results of this study, it was confirmed that if the suggested method should be used for the diagnosis of insulation in the model GIS being conductive particle, detecting partial discharge and estimating discharge propagation will be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2005

In this paper partial discharge were simulated by insulation particle which could be easy accumulated charge and concentrated electric field in the model GIS. In this times this paper measured and analyzed the radiated electromagnetic waves by using spectrum analyzer and antenna$(30\~2000(MHz))$ for measurement of$ EMI{\cdot}EMC$ in accordance with occurrence and propagation of partial discharge. This paper suggested the other method of detecting and estimating of partial discharge for insulation diagnosis of GIS being insulation particle by measurement and analysis of radiated electromagnetic waves. From results of this study, it was confirmed that if the suggested method should be used for the diagnosis of insulation in the model GIS being insulation particle, detecting partial discharge and estimating discharge propagation will be possible.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.437-440
• /
• 2008

In recent years, pollution load calculation has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous GIS modeling methods. The existing pollution method for nonpoint source (NPS) can not be indentified and calculated the amount of the pollution precisely. This research shows that the association of typical pollutant concentrations with land uses in a watershed can provide a reasonably accurate characterization of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed using Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). The GIS based pollution assessment method is performed for three pollutant constituents: BOD, TN, and TP. First, the runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient is estimated. Then, the NPS pollution loads are calculated by grid based method. Finally, the final outputs are evaluated by statistical technique. The results illustrate the merits of the approach. This model verified that GIS based method of estimating spatially distributed NPS pollution loads can lead to more accurate representation of the real world.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.704-711
• /
• 2000

This study is carried out using a circuit model approach. First, the self and shunt impedances of all the conductors in the rail system and the mutual impedances between different conductors are computed. Then, a circuit representing the both rail systems at interfaces including the rails, feeders, protection wires, contact wires, ground wires is built. Auto-transformers in the system are also represented in the circuit model. The circuit model is then 1]recessed using a circuit solver based on a double-elimination method. Several different scenarios are analyzed, including the load conditions and a few fault conditions with different fault locations. The effect of the buried ground wires is also analyzed by comparing the results with and without the presence of the ground wires. The analysis procedure presented in the paper demonstrated an accurate way of computing fault current distribution and EMC at interfaces between both systems. The results presented in the paper can be used as a reference for estimating interference levels in similar rail systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.31A no.8
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 1994

The prediction of crosstalk in one of important problems in estimating the EMC of a system for high speed digital signal transmission. Crosstalk curves are shown in terms of characteristic impedance of lines spacing between lines and rise time of pulse by using general multiple coupled transmission line equation and harmonic-balance method. The coupled symmetrical two-line on dielectric material epoxy-glass FR 4(${\varepsilon}_r$), is fabricated to measure crosstalk occuring at the near end and far end of the passive line. The inter-line is inserted to reduce crosstalk between two microstrip lines. The simulation results and the measurement results are shown and found to be very close.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.246-251
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop a grid based model for calculating the critical nonpoint source (NPS) pollution load (BOD, TN, TP) in Nak-dong area in South Korea. In the last two decades, NPS pollution has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous modeling techniques. Watershed researchers need to be able to emphasis on the characterization of water quality, including NPS pollution loads estimates. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been designed for the assessment of NPS pollution in a watershed. It uses different data such as DEM, precipitation, stream network, discharge, and land use data sets and utilizes a grid representation of a watershed for the approximation of average annual pollution loads and concentrations. The difficulty in traditional NPS modeling is the problem of identifying sources and quantifying the loads. This research is intended to investigate the correlation of NPS pollution concentrations with land uses in a watershed by calculating Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). This work was accomplished using a grid based modelling technique that encompasses three stages. The first step includes estimating runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient. The second step is deriving the gird based model for calculating NPS pollution loads. The last step is validating the gird based model with traditional pollution loads calculation by applying statistical t-test method. The results on real data, illustrate the merits of the grid based modelling approach. Therefore, this model investigates a method of estimating and simulating point loads along with the spatially distributed NPS pollution loads. The pollutant concentration from local runoff is supposed to be directly related to land use in the region and is not considered to vary from event to event or within areas of similar land uses. By consideration of this point, it is anticipated that a single mean estimated pollutant concentration is assigned to all land uses rather than taking into account unique concentrations for different soil types, crops, and so on.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.387-396
• /
• 2013

Non-point pollution source is difficult to control due to uncertain outflow path and emission. So, There are many development and research to Best Management Practices(BMP) established to manage the Non-point pollution source. Besides, various methods of estimated efficiency to exact assessment of BMP is presented. In this study, the impact about length of Grassed Swale on reduction efficiency based on monitoring results of Grassed Swale by length is studied. By estimating Grassed Swale reduction efficiency in a variety of methods, the difference between the methods of estimated efficiency was compared with those that. Estimated efficiency method using ER, SOL, ROL, ROF, SOLF, and ROLF methods is analyzed. EMC analysis result is high inflow and outflow concentration distinction organic compound for nutritive salts The result of efficiency analysis along Grassed Swale length sharply increases in a Grassed Swale inlet. After this increase, the efficiency gradually decreases. This is expected that cistern installed in the end of the front. To obtain a stable reduction efficiency of Grassed Swale, minimum length 30m of Grassed Swale should be enough. Also, in order to efficiently and economically design Grassed Swale, the researches on length of Grassed Swale are needed rather than simple analysis of efficiency.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2010

In this paper, a new method to estimate MU (motor unit) location in the short head of BIC (biceps brachii) muscle using surface EMG (electromyogram) is proposed. The SMUAP (single motor unit action potential) is generated from a MU located at certain depth from the skin surface. The depth is referred as MU location. For estimating muscle force precisely, the information of the MU location is required. The reference SMUAPs are simulated based on anatomical structure of human muscle, and compared with acquired real EMG signals using 3-channel surface EMG electrode. The proposed method was compared with the results of previous researchers and verified its accuracy by computer simulation. From the simulation result in case of the MU located in 8[mm], the average estimation error of proposed method was 0.01[mm]. But the average estimation error of Roeleveld's method was 2.33[mm] and Akazawa's method was 1.70[mm]. Therefore the proposed method was more accurate than the methods of previous researchers.