• Title/Summary/Keyword: EM 알고리즘

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Design of a Multi-Stripline Loaded On-Glass Antenna for T-DMB Applications (다중 선로가 로딩된 T-DMB 수신용 차량 글래스 안테나 설계)

  • Kang, Woo-Joong;Kay, Young-Chul;Park, Seul-Gi;Oh, Jung-Hun;Choo, Ho-Sung
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.664-672
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    • 2009
  • In this paper we propose an on-glass antenna which consists of conducting dual center striplines and multi-loaded striplines. Multi-loaded striplines and dual center lines were employed for achieving a broad matching bandwidth and improving a vertical radiation gain, respectively. The detail design parameters were determined using the Pareto genetic algorithm with an full wave EM simulator. The optimized design was built and installed on a commercial vehicle, and the antenna performances such as the return loss and the radiation gain were measured in a semi-anechoic chamber. The measurement results showed the matching bandwidth($S_{11}$<-3 dB) of about 49 % in the T-DMB frequency band, the vertical gain of about -3 dBi along the bore-sight direction, and the average gain of about -10 dBi along the azimuth direction.

Demonstration of Voltage Control of DC Distribution System Using Real-time DC Network Analysis Applications (실시간 DC 계통해석 응용프로그램을 이용한 DC 배전망 전압제어 실증 연구)

  • Kim, Hong-joo;Cho, Young-pyo;Cho, Jin-tae;Kim, Ju-yong
    • KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.275-286
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents real-time Direct Current (DC) network analysis applications for operation of DC distribution system or DC microgrid. These applications are installed on central Energy Management System (EMS) and provide solutions of DC network operation. To analysis DC distribution network, this paper proposes composition and sequence of applications. Algorithm of applications is presented in this paper. Demonstration tests are performed on DC distribution site in Gochang Power Testing Center of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). To verify the performance, developed DC applications installed on EMS. Scenarios for demonstration test of voltage control are presented. Finally, measured data, application output data and simulation data (by PSCAD/EMTDC) are compared and analyze accuracy of applications.

D2D Based Advertisement Dissemination Using Expectation Maximization Clustering (기대최대화 기반 사용자 클러스터링을 통한 D2D 광고 확산)

  • Kim, Junseon;Lee, Howon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.992-998
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    • 2017
  • For local advertising based on D2D communications, sources want advertisement messages to be diffused to unspecified users as many as possible. It is one of challenging issues to select target-areas for advertising if users are uniformly distributed. In this paper, we propose D2D based advertisement dissemination algorithm using user clustering with expectation-maximization. The user distribution of each cluster can be estimated by principal components (PCs) obtained from each cluster. That is, PCs enable the target-areas and routing paths to be properly determined according to the user distribution. Consequently, advertisement messages are able to be disseminated to many users. We evaluate performances of our proposed algorithm with respect to coverage probability and average reception number per user.

Statistical Algorithm in Genetic Linkage Based on Haplotypes (일배체형에 기초한 연쇄분석의 통계학적 알고리즘 연구)

  • Kim, Jin-Heum;Kang, Dae-Ryong;Lee, Yun-Kyung;Shin, Sun-Mi;Suh, Il;Nam, Chung-Mo
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.366-372
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    • 2004
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to propose a new transmission/disequilibrium test(TDT) to test the linkage between genetic markers and disease-susceptibility genes based on haplotypes. Simulation studies were performed to compare the proposed method with that of Zhao et al. in terms of type I error probability and powers. Methods : We estimated the haplotype frequencies using the expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm with parents genotypes taken from a trio dataset, and then constructed a two-way contingency table containing estimated frequencies to all possible pairs of parents haplotypes. We proposed a score test based on differences between column marginals and their corresponding row marginals. The test also involved a covariance structure of marginal differences and their variances. In simulation, we considered a coalescent model with three genetic markers of biallele to investigate the performance of the proposed test under six different configurations. Results : The haplotype-based TDT statistics, our test and Zhao et al.'s test satisfied a type I error probability, but the TDT test based on single locus showed a conservative trend. As expected, the tests based on haplotypes also had better powers than those based on single locus. Our test and that of Zhao et al. were comparable in powers. Conclusion : We proposed a TDT statistic based on haplotypes and showed through simulations that our test was more powerful than the single locus-based test. We will extend our method to multiplex data with affected and/or unaffected sibling(s) or simplex data having only one parent s genotype.

Real-time passive millimeter wave image segmentation for concealed object detection (은닉 물체 검출을 위한 실시간 수동형 밀리미터파 영상 분할)

  • Lee, Dong-Su;Yeom, Seok-Won;Lee, Mun-Kyo;Jung, Sang-Won;Chang, Yu-Shin
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.37 no.2C
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 2012
  • Millimeter wave (MMW) readily penetrates fabrics, thus it can be used to detect objects concealed under clothing. A passive MMW imaging system can operate as a stand-off type sensor that scans people in both indoors and outdoors. However, because of the diffraction limit and low signal level, the imaging system often suffers from low image quality. Therefore, suitable statistical analysis and computational processing would be required for automatic analysis of the images. In this paper, a real-time concealed object detection is addressed by means of the multi-level segmentation. The histogram of the image is modeled with a Gaussian mixture distribution, and hidden object areas are segmented by a multi-level scheme involving $k$-means, the expectation-maximization algorithm, and a decision rule. The complete algorithm has been implemented in C++ environments on a standard computer for a real-time process. Experimental and simulation results confirm that the implemented system can achieve the real-time detection of concealed objects.

Measurements and Statistical Modeling of Ignition Noise from Vehicle (자동차 점화계통에서 발생된 전자파 잡음의 측정 및 통계적 모형)

  • 김종호;윤현보;백락준;우종우
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.390-402
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    • 1997
  • The ignition noises from the vehicle are measured and the measurement data are statistically treated for modeling. The low-noise amplifier and band-pass filter are added between the receiver and the three axes antenna for low noise level measurement and the APD and PSD are measured in 800 MHz frequency range. The measured APD curves can be expressed in terms of sensitivity study of each model through 3(class A) or 6(Class B) parameters variation, and these optimal parameter can easily be calculated by using the Composite Approximation Algorithm. The selected APD parameter can be used for making the Data Base EM-environments and also applied to determine the output and sensitivity margin for the transmitter and receiver. 'Digital microwave transmission systems are equipped with equalizer against fading during multipath fading. In this paper, we proposed variable reference tap position equalizer that varies the reference tap according to fading type to archive better performance. We got the perf?mance improvement about 4~5 dB in MP condition and 2~3 dB in NMP condition from simulation results.

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Design of a Double-Faced Window Printed Antenna for Aircraft Applications (항공기용 양면 인쇄형 글래스 안테나 설계)

  • Byun, Gang-Il;Han, Wone-Keun;Choo, Ho-Sung
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we propose a double-faced window printed antenna for aircraft applications. The proposed antenna structure consists of a feeding line and a multi-loop radiator located on different sides of the window to use the limited given-area effectively. The proposed antenna is optimized by the genetic algorithm in conjunction with the FEKO EM simulator. The optimized antenna is built and installed on a 1/10 sized KUH-Surion mock-up and antenna performances such as the reflection coefficient and the radiation patterns are measured. The optimized antenna shows a half power matching bandwidth of about 33 % at 60 MHz and an average bore-sight gain of about -3.49 dBi. To verify the reception capability of the optimized antenna, we simulated the received power according to a flight scenario. The result confirms that the optimized antenna shows a minimum received power level above -60 dBm at a range of 200 km, which is similar to the pole antenna that is currently used as a FM voice antenna for KUH-Surion.

Bayesian analysis of finite mixture model with cluster-specific random effects (군집 특정 변량효과를 포함한 유한 혼합 모형의 베이지안 분석)

  • Lee, Hyejin;Kyung, Minjung
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.57-68
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    • 2017
  • Clustering algorithms attempt to find a partition of a finite set of objects in to a potentially predetermined number of nonempty subsets. Gibbs sampling of a normal mixture of linear mixed regressions with a Dirichlet prior distribution calculates posterior probabilities when the number of clusters was known. Our approach provides simultaneous partitioning and parameter estimation with the computation of classification probabilities. A Monte Carlo study of curve estimation results showed that the model was useful for function estimation. Examples are given to show how these models perform on real data.

Time Domain Response of Random Electromagnetic Signals for Electromagnetic Topology Analysis Technique

  • Han, Jung-hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2022
  • Electromagnetic topology (EMT) technique is a method to analyze each component of the electromagnetic propagation environment and combine them in the form of a network in order to effectively model the complex propagation environment. In a typical commercial communication channel model, since the propagation environment is complex and difficult to predict, a probabilistic propagation channel model that utilizes an average solution, although with low accuracy, is used. However, modeling techniques using EMT technique are considered for application of propagation and coupling analysis of threat electromagnetic waves such as electromagnetic pulses, radio wave models used in electronic warfare, local communication channel models used in 5G and 6G communications that require relatively high accuracy electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics. This paper describes the effective implementation method, algorithm, and program implementation of the electromagnetic topology (EMT) method analyzed in the frequency domain. Also, a method of deriving a response in the time domain to an arbitrary applied signal source with respect to the EMT analysis result in the frequency domain will be discussed.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Linear Type and Conformation Traits in Hanwoo Cows (한우 암소의 선형 및 외모심사형질에 대한 유전모수 추정)

  • Lee, Ki-Hwan;Koo, Yang-Mo;Kim, Jung-Il;Song, Chi-Eun;Jeoung, Yeoung-Ho;Noh, Jae-Kwang;Ha, Yu-Na;Cha, Dae-Hyeop;Son, Ji-Hyun;Park, Byong-Ho;Lee, Jae-Gu;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Lee, Ji-Hong;Do, Chang-Hee;Choi, Tae-Jeong
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.89-105
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    • 2017
  • This study utilized 32,312 records of 17 linear type and 10 conformation traits(including final scores) of Hanwoo cows in the KAIA(Korea Animal Improvement Association) ('09~'10), with 60,556 animals in the pedigree file. Traits included stature, body length, strength, body depth, angularity, shank thickness, rump angle, rump length, pin bone width, thigh thickness, udder volume, teat length, teat placement, foot angle, hock angle, rear leg back view, body balance, breed characteristic, head development, forequarter quality, back line, rump, thigh development, udder development, leg line, and final score. Genetic and residual(co) variances were estimated using bi-trait pairwise analyses with EM-REML algorithm. Herd-year-classifier, year at classification, and calving stage were considered as fixed effects with classification months as a covariate. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.03(teat placement) to 0.42(body length). Rump length had the highest positive genetic correlation with pin bone width(0.96). Moreover, stature, body length, strength, and body depth had the highest positive genetic correlations with rump length, pin bone width, and thigh thickness(0.81-0.94). Stature, body length, strength, body depth, rump length, pin bone width, and thigh thickness traits also had high positive genetic correlations.