• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2003

The grip strength is orthopedics department, the place where from rehabilitation medical science and industrial medical science and it evaluates the function of the hand certainly is the ability which is necessary. There is specially by an occupation rehabilitation of mentally retarded child and the evaluation of grip strength is one which is meaning. The samples for this study were 39 normal males and 59 normal females, 62 mentally retarded males, 33 mentally retarded females ranging in age from Prepubeal period to Adolescence. This study was used to measure grip strength BASELINE Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer manufactured by EEI(Fabrication Enterprises Incorporated)in USA. The objective of research from the Prepubeal period to Adolescence the normal and mentally retarded students comparison evaluates the grip strength and effective fine motor program of one's it makes with the fundamental data for a development and it does. The results are as follow : (1) The hand which the normal student and the schoolgirl of rises from grip strength measurement result of the Prepubeal period research object people 10.7Kg with the same left hand was each measured 10Kg with 9.8Kg with in. The grip strength of the mentally retarded schoolboys was the hand which rises 6Kg with the left hand 5.4Kg, the grip strength of the schoolgirls 6.5Kg with was identical. (2) The hand which the normal schoolboys and the schoolgirls rises from grip strength measurement result of the Adolescence research object people 29.6Kg, 20Kg the left hand to be was each measured 27.8Kg with 18.4Kg with. The hand which the mentally retarded schoolboys and the schoolgirls rises 13.1Kg, 11.3Kg the left hand to be was each measured 12.3Kg with 10.9Kg with. (3) Among the normal students $10.2\%$ (Prepubeal period $0.94\%$, Adolescence $15.2\%$) in Mentally Retarded students $17.9\%$ (Prepubeal period $0.77\%$, Adolescence $19.1\%$) left hand it was higher. (4) The grip strength of the students who attend school from the general family dwells were appeared higher than students residence at institution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.3 no.4 s.11
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• pp.131-143
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a new method for evaluation of stream naturalness in order to promote stream managers' understanding on importance of improving stream naturalness, and in order to appraise and prescribe for streams effectively in the process of ecological restoration of stream corridors. In order to analyze the evaluation method of stream naturalness and its applicability to streams, stream naturalness index(SNI) which has seven factors such as channel development, longitudinal profile, lateral section, stream bed structure, low flow channel structure, stream surroundings and water quality was suggested in this paper. For case studies, Bokha stream was selected for the evaluation of stream naturalness. At the Bokha stream, the scores of SNI factors were in range of $2.2{\sim}3.8$, and the average of SNI was 3.1, and the most frequent grade of SNI factors was grade 3. Among the 7 factors, the best was lateral section, and the worst was channel development. In this study, SNI grade can represent the characteristics of stream naturalness well and select the streams which will be restored, and can also decide the segment and the method of restoration for deteriorated streams.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

Seasonal variability in the algal community structure of intertidal zones was examined at six study sites in Marine National Parks, on the western and southern coasts of Korea from March to November 2015. A total of 193 species of algae, comprising 27 green, 40 brown and 126 red algae, were identified. Algal biomass averaged 101.50 g dry wt./m² with a maximal at Tonggae (168.12 g dry wt./m²) and minimum at Haseom (54.49 g dry wt./m²). The dominant seaweeds by biomass were Sargassum thunbergii at five sites (Tonggae, Haseom, Namdongri, Ando amd Sinjeonri), and S. fusiforme at Soando. Community indices measured as follows: dominance index (DI), 0.31–0.69; richness index (R), 7.30–11.43; evenness index (J'), 0.33–0.49; and diversity index (H'), 1.15–1.86. As evaluated using community indices and environmental states, the EEI (Ecological Evaluation Index) of the Marine National Park was “normal”. The present results indicate that seaweed community structures and indices could be used to evaluate the environmental status of coastal ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.210-219
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• 2007

The benthic marine algal flora and community structure were examined at five sites of the Taean Peninsula, Korea, during July-August 2005. Ninety-six algal species were Identified, including 14 green, 21 brown, and 60 red algae, and 1 marine plant. The common species that occurred at the five sites were Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium divaricatum, Caulacanthus okamurae, Gracilavia vermiculophylla, and Neorhodomela aculeata. Sthunbergii was the dominant species in terms of coverage and biomass at ail of the study sites. The average biomass varied from $23.72g/m^2$ in dry weight at Chaeseokpo to $66.43g/m^2$ at Padori. The species could be divided into six functional groups in terms of morphological characteristics: 41 coarsely branched forms, 25 filamentous forms, 16 sheet forms, 7 thick leathery forms, including the marine plant Phyllospadix iwatensis, 4 crustose forms, and 3 Jointed calcareous forms. The seaweed communities at the five study sites were unstable and the environmental conditions were bad or very bad. Among the five study sites, the ecological evaluation index (EEI) and diversity index (H') were maximal at Padori at 2.29 and 1.98, respectively. By contrast, the dominance index (DI) was minimal at Padori (0.55) and maximal at Baramarae (0.96). Therefore, we conclude that the rocky shore at Padori has the best environment among the five study sites, although the species richness and biomass of seaweeds have declined continuously over the last 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1090-1096
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• 2010

This pitting corrosion study of welded joints of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304L and 316L) has addressed the differentiating solidification mode using three newly introduced filler wires with a flux-cored arc welding process (FCAW). The delta ferrite (${\delta}$-ferrite) content in the welded metals increased with an increasing equivalent weight ratio of chromium/nickel ($Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$). Ductility dip cracking (DDC) was observed in the welded metal containing ferrite with none of AISI 304L and 0.1% of AISI 316L. The potentiodynamic anodic polarization results revealed that the $Cr_{eq}/Ni_{eq}$ ratio in a 3.5% NaCl solution didn't much affect the pitting potential ($E_{pit}$). The AISI 316L welded metals with ${\ddot{a}}$-ferrite content of over 10% had a superior $E_{pit}$ value. Though the AISI 316L welded metal with 0.1% ferrite had larger molybdenum contents than AISI 304L specimens, it showed a similar $E_{pit}$ value because the concentration of chloride ions and the corrosion product induced severe damage near the DDC.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 2010

The industrial ecology indicators(IEI) for Yeosu Industrial Park were developed using eco-efficiency indicator(EEI). The key factors for the creation of IEI were two parts. One part is the value of the products which is selected as the total production value, the amount of ethylene production, the amount of light oil production instead of the total sales volume for Yeosu Industrial Park, since the currency exchange and the price of raw materials varied every year. The other part is the environmental burden. The electric consumption, the industrial water consumption, and the amount of discharged waste water are all officially opened to the public, were used in the calculation. Based on the value for the year of 2004, the IEI value for 2006 became worse to 0.954, but, was expected to be 1.153, a 15% improvement, for 2015 if the current EIP project is successfully performed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.627-638
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• 2022

This study was conducted at a village fishing farm on 4 peaks on the main island of Jeju Island and 2 peaks on an inhabited island to compare the distribution characteristics of seaweeds along the coast of Jeju Island from May to December 2018. A total of 101 species of seaweeds were surveyed, including 13 species (12.9%) of green algae, 24 species (23.8%) of Phaeophyta, and 64 species (63.4%) of Rhodophyta. The largest number of seaweeds appeared in May and the fewest in October, showing typical features of a temperate sea area. The number of seaweed species that appeared was 66 and 65 species at the water depths of 5 m and 8 m, respectively, and the largest was 74 species at 12 m. The number of seaweeds that appeared by area was the largest at 66 species on Udo Island, an eastern island near Jeju Island, and the lowest at 27 species in Pyoseon-ri, an eastern part of Jeju Island. The important values of emerging species were high in the order of, Ecklonia cavaand Corallina crassissima at 21.1% and 20.3%, respectively, Corallina aberransat 9.2%, Amphora ephedraeaat 6.2%, and Sargassum macrocarpumat 4.4%. Among seaweeds, an average of 11.2 species of coralline algae appeared, and the mean importance value was 32.6% in the sear area. The lowest importance value was 14.7% on Udo Island, and the highest was 41.0% in Pyoseon-ri. The mean ecological evaluation index (EEI) of seaweed colonies ranged from 2.1 to 10. It was the lowest at the water depth of 12 m in Pyoseon-ri in May and June and was 7.3 or higher in other areas, indicating good condition. This study rated the standardized ecological grade I for the water depth of 12 m on Udo Island and grade II for the water depths of 5 m and 8 m in Sagye-ri and on Chujado Island. Grade III was the water depth of 5 m and 12 m in Pyoseon-ri and Guideok 2-ri and the water depth of 5 m and 8 m in Pyeongdae-ri, and grade IV was the water depth of 8 m in Guideok 2-ri.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2010

In Korea, EBI fungicides which are highly effective for control of pear scab and rust but of high risk for development of resistance have been frequently sprayed by majority of pear growers. To detect any possible resistance or reduced sensitivity in the field strains of scab fungus to five EBIs, difenoconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, fenarimole and hexaconazole, sensitivity tests were conducted with fungal specimens collected in Ulsan and Naju where scab usually occurs and EBIs have been intensively sprayed for many years. As the strains for which $EC_{50}$ values of the EBIs were largely shifted from those of base-line were occasionally found, the resistant or less sensitive strains were supposed to be distributed. In the activity test for the EBIs by artificial inoculation, in which EBI-treated pear leaves on the potted seedlings were inoculated with fungal spores collected in the two regions, development of resistances to EBIs were confirmed. Since the fungal spores collected at 4 and 2 orchards in Naju and Ulsan, respectively, produced much higher disease incidence on the leaves treated with hexaconazole than those on the untreated control, those fungal specimens were determined as resistant to hexaconazole. Similar results were also obtained with two specimens from Ulsan for flusilazole.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.409-425
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• 2006

치주질환의 병원균은 세포벽의 항원에 의하여 조직내 존재하는 mononuclear phagocytes가 활성화되어 cytokine들이 생성됨 으로써 치주 결체조직의 파괴를 진행시킨다. 이런 관련된 cytokine들은 순차적으로 상주하는 치은세포 및 대식세포가 Matrix metalloproteinase 합성을 하도록 유도하여 조직파괴를 시작한다. 이들 Matrix metalloproteinase중 MMP-2, MMP-9 (Gelatinase A,B)는 type IV collagen 및 변성된 interstitial collagen을 파괴하며 치주환자의 치은 열구액, 치은조직, 타액 네에서 높게 보고 되어왔다. 당뇨병은 치주질환의 위험요소중 하나로 달뇨 환자에서는 치주질환의 유병율이 일반인에 비해 높고 치주질환의 중증도도 더 심하여 진행도 빠르다고 알려져 있다. 그 병리 기전 중 하나로는 당뇨 환자에서는 치은 열구액 내 중성구 유래의 Matrix metalloproteinase의 활성 증가 및$TNF-{\alpha}$ 의 활성 증가가 추정되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 제2형 당뇨병 환자와 비당뇨 환자들에서 만성 치주염 부위의 치은 및 건강한 치은에서 염증매개체 중 하나인 MMP-2, MMP-9 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 의 발현에 대해 상호 비교 분석함으로서 염증, 혈당이 미치는 영향을 밝히고 제 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 심한 치주조직 파괴의 기전을 연구하고자 하였다. 경북대학교병원 치주과 내원환자 중 제2형 당뇨병 환자와 비당뇨 환자들 및 치주질환이 없는 건강인 대조군을 대상으로 여러 가지 환자요소, 임상 치주상태를 기록하고, 전신적으로 건강한 환자의 건강한 부위(n=8,Group 1), 전신적으로 건강한 환자으 만성 치주염 부위(n=8, Group 2), 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 만성 치주염 부위 (n=8,Group 3)에서 각각 변연치은을 채득하고 액화질소에 급속 동결하였다. Western blotting을 이용하여 각 조직 내 MMP-2, MMP-9 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 의 발현을 관찰, densitometer를 이용하여 상대적 발현을 정량, 각 조직의${\beta}-actin$을 이용하여 표준화하여 실험군과 대조군들의 평균치를 비교하였다. 비당뇨 환자들의 만성 치주염 부위 및 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 만성 치주염 부위에서 모두 건강 대조군에 비해 MMP-2와 MMP-9 의 발현이 증가되었다. 또한 MMP-2와 MMP-9는 2형 당뇨 환자의 만성 치주염 부위가 비당뇨 환자의 만성 치주염 부위보다 증가된 발현양상을 보였으며, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 발현 비교시 각 군간 유의성 있는 변화는 없었으나 2형 당뇨환자군에서 MMP-2 및 MMP-9의 증가와 함께 다소 증가 양상을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 실험에서 MMP-2 및 MMP-9의 증가가 만성 치주염 및 2형 당뇨 환자에서의 만성치주염에서 비당뇨환자 보다 MMP-2, MMP-9의 증가양상을 보여 주었으며 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 가 2형 당뇨환자의 만성치주염 진행과정에 기여인자로써 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.