• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.697-702
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• 2010

This study researches the mechanical and dyeing properties of wool fabric treated with papain. In this study, shrinkage, water contact angle, alkali solubility, and the dyeability of wool fabric treated with papain at the optimal activity condition were measured to confirm the effect of papain treatment. The shrinkage and water contact angle of wool fabric treated with papain decreased more than the untreated wool; however, the alkali solubility and the dyeability increased. L-cysteine was more active than EDTA as an activator of papain.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1997

A laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the treatment of photographic processing wastewater by chemical oxidation and biological treatment system. The effect of reaction conditions such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, ferrous sulfate dosage and pH on the COD removal in Fenton oxidation were investigated. The optimal dosage of hydrogen peroxide was 2.58 M and 3.87 M for the developing and fixing process wastewater, respectively. The Fenton oxidation was most efficient in the pH range of 3-5 and the optimal condition for initial reaction pH was 5 for a developing process wastewater. With iron powder catalyst, the COD for a developing process wastewater was removed in lower pH than with ferrous sulfate catalyst. The removal efficiency of COD for refractory compounds such as Diethyleneglycol, Benzylalcohol, Hydroxylamine Sulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, Ammonium Ferric EDTA and Disodium EDTA in the photogaphic wastewater was found than 90% except Potassium Carbonate. When the photographic processing wastewater after pretreatment by Fenton oxidation was treated with batch activated sludge process, the addition of $KH_2PO_4$ as a phosphorous compound improved the removal efficiency of COD. During the continuous biological treatment of developing and fixing process wastewater after pretreatment by Fenton oxidation, the effluent COD concentration less than 100 mg/l was obtained at 0.425 and 0.25 kgCOD/m$^3$.d, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-216
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• 1975

Yellow sea bream contains comparatively larger amount of fat among white muscle fishes, so that rancidity might easily occur during drying and storage. For the purpose of the protection of rancidity, the effect of some antioxidants was studied when yellow sea bream was sun-dried after dipping in the solutions and packed in PVC film$0.3mm\times12cm\times30cm $ for storage at room temperature. The inhibitory effect of additives was in order of Tenox-II, BHA, Sustane and NDGA, while EDTA, potassium sorbate, CTC and $\alpha-naphthylamine$ were ineffective. The results suggest that the treatment of $0.1\%$ Tenox-II solution and packing in PVC film is better condition to improve the quality of product and during drying and storage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1981

Discoloration of canned boiled oysters during storage is one of the serious problems which affect the quality of the products as well as the nutritive value. Usually the factors influencing the quality of canned boiled oysters are the process of pretreatments and the storage temperature of the products. In the present work, the changes of the total chlorophylls and carotenoids in the meat and the viscera of oysters were determined in order to make certain the procedure of the discoloration. In addition, the amino-N and the available lysine as factors of the nutritive value were also checked. In case of treatment with additives, direct addition of syrups containing additives just before seaming or soaking boiled oysters into the solution of additives seemed to have mild effects on retardation of discoloration. The migration of carotenoids from the viscera into the meat was faster than that of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of the Products preceded greening caused by the chlorophylls. Treatment with $0.5\%\; Na_{2}EDTA\;of\;2.5\%$ brine retarded discoloration and available lysine loss of the Products while sodium-polyphosphate accelerated them. It was probably due to that sodium-polyphosphate could affect the softening or breakdown of the muscle of oysters. But most of all, storage temperature of canned boiled oysters seemed to be the major factor influencing the discoloration and nutritive loss of the products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.10
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• pp.1-13
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• 1968

Phytin is a salt(mainly calcium and magnesium) of phytic acid and its purity and molecular formula can be determined by assaying the contents of phosporus, calcium and magnesium in phytin. In order to devise a new method for the quantitative analysis of the three elements in phytin, the chelatometric method was developed as follows: 1) As the pretreatment for phytin analysis, it was ashfied st $550{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ in the presence of concentrated nitric acid. This dry process is more accurate than the wet process. 2) Phosphorus, calcium and megnesium were analyzed by the conventional and the new method described here, for the phytin sample decomposed by the dry process. The ashfied phytin solution in hydrochloric acid was partitioned into cation and anion fractions by means of a ration exchange resin. A portion of the ration fraction was adjusted to pH 7.0, followed by readjustment to pH 10 and titrated with standard EDTA solution using the BT [Eriochrome black T] indicator to obtain the combined value of calcium and magnesium. Another portion of the ration fraction was made to pH 7.0, and a small volume of standard EDTA solution was added to it. pH was adjusted to $12{\sim}13$ with 8 N KOH and it was titrate by a standard EDTA solution in the presence of N-N[2-Hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphytate)-3-naphthoic acid] diluted powder indicator in order to obtain the calcium content. Magnesium content was calculated from the difference between the two values. From the anion fraction the magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitate was obtained. The precipitate was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and a standard EDTA solution was added to it. The solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 and then readjusted to pH 10.0 by a buffer solution and titrated with a standard magnesium sulfate solution in the presence of BT indicator to obtain the phosphorus content. The analytical data for phosphorus, calcium and magnesium were 98.9%, 97.1% and 99.1% respectively, in reference to the theoretical values for the formula $C_6H_6O_{24}P_6Mg_4CaNa_2{\cdot}5H_2O$. Statical analysis indicated a good coincidence of the theoretical and experimental values. On the other hand, the observed values for the three elements by the conventional method were 92.4%, 86.8% and 93.8%, respectively, revealing a remarkable difference from the theoretical. 3) When sodium phytate was admixed with starch and subjected to the analysis of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium by the chelatometric method, their recovery was almost 100% 4) In order to confirm the accuracy of this method, phytic acid was reacted with calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in the molar ratio of phytic: calcium chloride: magnesium chloride=1 : 5 : 20 to obtain sodium phytate containing one calcium atom and four magnesium atoms per molecule of sodium phytate. The analytical data for phosporus, calcium and magnesium were coincident with those as determine d by the aforementioned method. The new method employing the dry process, ion exchange resin and chelatometric assay of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium is considered accurate and rapid for the determination of phytin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1980

A Streptomyces spp. strain SY 79-1 which was capable of producing metal protease was isolated from soil. The optimal pH and temperature of the protease were around pH 8.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stable pH range of the enzyme was between pH 6.0 to 8.0. The enzyme was stable at $45^{\circ}C$, but it lost the activity about 75 % for 5 min and completely for 30 min when it was treated at $60^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{++},\;Cu^{++},\;Ag^{+}$ and activated by $Mg^{++},\;Mn^{++},\;Co^{++},\;but\;Fe^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Pb^{++}\;and\;Al^{3+}$ did not affect enzyme activity. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA, but was not inhibited by 2, 4-DNP, ${\rho}$-CMB, ${\varepsilon}$-aminocaproic acid, cysteine, thiourea, citric acid, oxalic acid and sodium arsenate. When cobalt was added to the EDTA-denatured enzyme, the activity of the enzyme was restored.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1971

The raw surf clam meat was pretreated with BHA, EDTA or $NaHSO_3$. The pretreated meat was chopped with chopper, and spread the chopped meat on nylon net, and then dehydrated with cabinet type hot air dryer. In the surf clam meat flake process, the pretreating and the copping steps prior to final dehydration improved the pigment retention and texture of the products. The chopping steps prior to dehydration reduced the dehydration time of surf clam meat. The BHA treatment prior to dehydration of mashed surf clam meat had an outstanding effect on the pigment retention during a process of dehydration and storage. The surf dam meat flakes reabsorbed water more rapidly about two times than the dehydrated natural surf clam meat products. The surf clam meat flakes stored for three months in the dark place showed less pigment loss than the exposed ones, and the former reabsorbed water more rapidly than the latter.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2012

We report on two cases of anti-$Jk^a$, whose reactivity disappeared on an antibody identification test using enzyme-treated red cells. One of two patients was a 72-year-old female with cirrhosis of the liver and colon cancer, and the other was a 55-year-old female with known MDS and incomplete Behcet's disease. Results of an antibody identification test using a LISS/Coombs gel card (DiaMed AG) showed negative to one positive with red cells having the $Jk^a$ antigen; however, all reactions using the enzyme-treated cells showed negative results, which was unexpected. The patients' RBC phenotype was Jk(a-b+). We obtained positive results in reactions of enzyme-treated $Jk^a+$ cells and EDTA using a patient's serum and proved that the cause of the negative reaction might be complement-related.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2008

The efficiences of mineral acid (HCl), neutral salts ($CaCl_2$), and chelating agent (citric acid and $Na_2$-EDTA) were tested for extracting heavy metals from open burning and open detonation (OBOD) site soil. The extraction efficiencies of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from soil for various extractants were in the order of HCl > citric acid > $Na_2$-EDTA > $CaCl_2$, HCl (1.0 M) extracted effectively 82%, 86%, 80%, and 46% of initial total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between pH of extractant and amount of extracted heavy metals. Initially, examined heavy metals were predominantly bound to carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide fraction. Though the significant amount of carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide bounded metals were removed but a significant amount remained metals shifted to exchangeable (more mobile) fraction by HCl and citric acid extraction. The increased mobility of remaining metals could be problematic for water resources, thus careful management is needed to control the movement of heavy metals.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.31-49
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• 2008

We have investigated and conserved three small Buddha statues dating from Joseon period that were purchased by the National Museum of Korea. Chemical analysis and investigation of internal structures were enabled us to identify its compositions and hollow spaces which have various materials just like fabrics, silver ornaments, beads and wood fragments. The fabrics date from the early years of the Joseon dynasty to the middle one. The compositions of matrix of the Buddha statues vary 80-90 wt% Ag and 7-15 wt% Cu. And its surface layers were gilt with amalgam. Mechanical and chemical cleaning with EDTA-2Na were applied together during the cleaning process.