• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1080-1085
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• 2006

A series of 8-alkoxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole[4,3-a]quinoline-1-one derivatives were synthesized using 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolone as the starting material. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by the maximal electroshock test (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole test (sc-PTZ), and their neurotoxicities were measured by the rotarod neurotoxicity test (Tox). The tests demonstrated that 8-hexyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1.2.4]triazole[4.3-a]quinoline-1-one (4e) and 8-heptyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole[4, 3-a]quinoline-1-one (4f) were the most potent anticonvulsants, with 4e having $ED_{50}$ values of 17.17 mg/kg and 24.55 mg/kg and protective index ($PI=TD_{50}/ED_{50}$) values of 41.9 and 29.3 in the MES and sc-PTZ tests, respectively, and 4f having $ED_{50}$ values of 19.7 mg/kg and 21.2 mg/kg and PI values of 36.5 and 33.9 in the MES and sc-PTZ tests, respectively. The PI values of 4e and 4f were many fold better than that of the marketed drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital and valproate, which have PI values in the range of 1.6-8.1 in the MES test and <0.22-5.2 in the sc-PTZ test. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

Objectives: Pain is considered as a cause of sickness and the most prevalent symptom which makes people visit a physician. Nowadays, combination therapy is becoming useful to relieve chronic and postsurgical pain. The aim of this study was to study the promethazine (as an antihistamine) interactions with antinociceptive effect of diclofenac (as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Methods: In initial part of the study, we investigate the analgesic effect of diclofenac. Using writhing test, we demonstrate that diclofenac significantly reduces writhe response induced by acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we evaluate the combination effect of promethazine on diclofenac analgesic effect. Results: We observed that diclofenac inhibited pain in the dose dependent manner which means that by increasing dose of diclofenac a significant decrease in pain was observed. This experimental setup allowed calculation of the dose that caused 50% antinociception (ED50) for diclofenac. The ED50 for diclofenac in this study was determined to be 9.1 mg/kg according our previous study. Additionally, promethazine was showed a dose-dependent inhibition of writhes. The combination of different doses of promethazine (2, 4, 6 mg / kg) with diclofenac ED50 (9.1 mg / kg) was injected to mice. Promethazine 4 and 6 mg / kg in combination with diclofenac had significantly led to increase analgesic effect of diclofenac. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results add important information to the existing knowledge on combination of diclofenac and antihistamine in pain therapies to be used in clinical practice and maybe helpful in designing the future guidelines.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2019

Hyperprolactinemia due to a pituitary adenoma is a rare cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). The prevalence of clinically apparent prolactinomas is reported to be from 6-10 to 50 per 100,000. A few reports have been published of prolactinoma presenting with ED. Here, we report a rare case of a young man who presented with ED as a chief complaint and who was diagnosed with a huge prolactinoma, and we discuss a related fertility issue.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2017

A pilot-scale electrodialysis system was designed and constructed to treat groundwater polluted with arsenic and manganese. Synthetic groundwater, in which some amount of arsenic and manganese was added to make 500 mg/L of Mn and $50{\mu}g/L$ of As, was used as a feed for the ED system. The limiting current density, linear water velocity, applied voltage, and membrane surface area were investigated to obtain efficient and economic operation of the ED system. The linear water velocity was increased 0.74 cm/s to 11 cm/s based on evaluation of limiting current density. The water quality of diluate for 85 minutes of operation was satisfied with water quality criteria for drinking water using the ED system with 14 pairs of ion exchange membranes. The increased membrane pairs to 21 and 42 pairs were very effective to reduce conductivities of the diluate. The operation cost of the ED system was assessed using specific energy consumption, which was $1.065{\sim}1.2kWh/m^3$. Considering low salt concentrations of the groundwater, improvement of the ED system are required to increase current utilization and to apply low voltage while the ED system was applicable to produce drinking water.

• 멤브레인
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

Since the discovery of the Loeb-Sourirajan reverse osmosis membrane, thirty years have passed and many membrane technologies and new membranes for applications have been developed in the world. In the early stage of these developments Japan has not contributed much, but from the middle of 70ties Japan has started its own R&D projects starting from the desalination technology, and now various private industries and government ministries are actively engaging in R & D of membrane technologies in Japan. In Table 1 the chronological developments of important events of developments and projects relating membrane technologies inside and outside of Japan are introduced and their details will be explained. The first membrane technology applied in the Japanese industry was a electrodialysis(ED) process using ion-exchange membranes. These membranes were first developed in early 50ties and the Japanese government decided to use this method for concentration of sea-water to produce salt, which was then produced by solar evaporation. This development program started from 1960 by the Japan Monopoly Corp.(at that time). To apply ED process for sea-water concentration it was necessary to develop ion-exchange membranes having very low electric resistance to avoid energy loss due to Joule heat, and those having selectivity to permeate single valent ions only to avoid scale formation in the ED stacks. Three Japanese companies, Asahi Glass, Asahi Chemical and Tokuyama Soda, have succeeded to develop such membranes, and until 1971 all of the seven salt manufacturing companies had adopted ED for production of food salt.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

Purpose: This study attempted to measure the awareness and performance of the forensic nursing role among the emergency department (ED) nurses to emphasize the presence of forensic nurses in ED and suggest encouraging essential forensic nursing education. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey using a questionnaire was carried out to the nurses, who had a minimum of 6 months experience in the ED. This study was conducted at 7 hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Results: A total of 124 nurses were enrolled. As to the Awareness of the forensic nursing role, all the core data obtained an average of 3.39 points out of 4 points, and the documentation category was the highest score of 3.57. For the performance of the forensic nursing role, all the core data obtained an average of 2.50 points out of 4 points, and a documentation category acquired the highest score of 2.91. There is a significant correlation of (r=.452, p<.001) the awareness and performance of the forensic nursing role. Conclusion: Currently, the awareness regarding the forensic nursing role is low level. Therefore, the performance of forensic nursing role has also become low level. Consequently, forensic nursing education is essential for ED nurses to preserve evidence accurately.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2014

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing forensic nursing performance role of Emergency Department(ED) nurses. Methods: The study was conducted with 120 ED nurses from Busan. Data were collected during July, 2013 and analyzed using SPSS Win 19.0 program. Results: There were positive correlations between awareness of the forensic nursing role and forensic interest (r=.29, p=.001), between awareness of the forensic nursing role and forensic nursing performance role (r=.54, p<.001), and between forensic experience and forensic nursing performance role (r=.26, p=.004). Awareness of forensic nursing role (${\beta}=.50$, p<.001) and experience in forensics (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001) were significant predictors of forensic nursing role performance and explained 35.9% of the variance. Conclusion: To improve forensic experience, medical institutions should provide education and training for ED nurses to increase their indirect experience. Periodic assessment should also be done. Nurses with training assigned to the ED will enhance the forensic nursing role performance.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

온실 토양으로부터 주요 작물 병원균의 생육을 억제하는 길항곰팡이를 분리, 동정하였고, 그 균이 분비하는 향균물질을 분리하여 활성을 petriplate assay로 검정했다. 길항균의 foot cell, 분생포자 및 MY20 배지상의 균사 등 형태학적 특징에 근거하여 이 균을 Aspergillus terreus로 동정하였다. A. terreus의 배양여액을 chloroform으로 추출하고, 그 추출물을 column chromatography와 thin layer chromatography로 향균물질을 순수분리하였으며, 화학구조는 butyrolactone I이었다. 이 물질의 주요 작물병원균에 대한 $ED_{50}$은 Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsici. Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, 그리고 Fusarium oxysporum에 각각 9.7, 42.6, 23.3, 13.7, 102.7 ppm으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1994

Active fraction, $P_2$, was Isolated from natural anti-cancer drug, $CP_2$, by HPLC. We confirmed that $P_2$ includes most of the Isoguanosine and minor components, Berberine and other protoberberine alkaloids, by $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ and measured tile cytotoxicity of $P_2$ against various tumor cell-lines.' $P_2$ was very effective to all tumor cell-lines, especially to human colon cancer SNU-C2A$(ED_{50};\;24{\mu}g)$ and liver cancer HEP-3B$(ED_{50};\;27{\mu}g)$.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.246-246
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• 1994

연구목적: 생약으로 부터 항암제 개발연구의 일환으로 민간에서 조경. 지혈 등에 사용되고있는 노루발(Pyrola japonica)의 세포독성 물질과 그의 화학적구조를 규명하기 위해서 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험 방법 : 옴건한 노루발의 지하부를 methanol로 환류 추출하여 얻은 methanol extract를 n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol 순으로 분획하였다. 그 후 각각의 분획을 L1210 세포에 대하여 in vitro에서 실험한 결과 n-heane, ethylacetate 분획에서 강한 활성이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 n-hexane, ethylacetate 분획을 반복하여 silica gel column chromatography 하여 1종의 활성물질과 4종의 비활성물질을 단리하였다. 실험결과 : 단리된 활성물질은 각종 spectral data를 검토하여 chimaphilin (L1210의 ED$_{50}$ : 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, K562의 ED$_{50}$ :< 0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) 임을 확인하였고 이 물질은 5,8-dihydro-2.7-dimethyl-4-naphtoquione의 변성물질 임을 알 수 있었다.있었다.