• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2010

The objective of study was carried out to investigate the proper nutrient nitrogen concentration and irrigation period for increasing plant growth and flowering in Ardisia pusilla. Nutrient nitrogen concentrations were 120, 150, 180 and $210\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and they were based on the Sonneveld solution. Irrigation periods were divided into ED (except dormancy) and TG (total growth) according to plant age. The results of plant age and irrigation period, growth of 1 year-old plant was promoted by nitrogen concentration above $150\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ regardless of irrigation period. And plant growth values of 2 years-old in TG treatments were higher than ED treatments, especially TG-180 treatment was best of all. The contents of total nitrogen of leaves after flowering were increased with nutrient nitrogen strength. And the contents of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphate slightly were decreased or were no significant differences. Plant growth and flowering decreased when nitrogen concentration was over $210\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Therefore, TG-150 and TG-180 were supposed to be appropriate treatment for plant growth and flowering of 1year-old plant and 2 years old plant, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1994

Active fraction, $P_2$, was Isolated from natural anti-cancer drug, $CP_2$, by HPLC. We confirmed that $P_2$ includes most of the Isoguanosine and minor components, Berberine and other protoberberine alkaloids, by $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ and measured tile cytotoxicity of $P_2$ against various tumor cell-lines.' $P_2$ was very effective to all tumor cell-lines, especially to human colon cancer SNU-C2A$(ED_{50};\;24{\mu}g)$ and liver cancer HEP-3B$(ED_{50};\;27{\mu}g)$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2016

Anatase particles of titanium dioxide were prepared from $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution by using an electro-dialysis [ED] process. For the preparation of an aqueous solution of $TiCl_4$ precipitates, $TiCl_4$ liquid frozen in ice was transferred to a neck flask and then hydrolyzed using deionized [DI] $H_2O$. During the hydrolysis of the $TiCl_4$ solution at $0^{\circ}C$, a slurry solution of $TiOCl_2$ was obtained and the color changed from red to orange. The ED process was applied for the removal of chlorine content in the slurry solution. Two kinds of hydrolyzed slurry solution with lower [$Ti^{4+}$] and higher [$Ti^{4+}$] were sampled and the ED process was applied for the samples according to the removal time of [$Cl^-$]. With de-chlorination, the solution status changed from sol to gel and the color quickly changed to blue. Finally, white crystalline powders were formed and the phase was confirmed by XRD to be anatase crystallites. The morphology of the hydrous titania particles in the solution was observed by FE-SEM. The hydrous titania particles were nano-crystalline, and easily coagulated with drying.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.235-256
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest a reform after detecting out issues and problems associated with the KCR 4th ed.(draft). KCR(Korean Cataloguing Rules) is representative cataloguing rules in Korea, the 4th ed.(draft) of which was prepared by Cataloguing Committee(department of KLA) in 2001. As a result of this study, a lot of problem which are glossary, context, inconsistency of the contents, rules applied to card catalog, and others, were found out. Thus, substantial improvements were able to be suggested.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In a wireless mobile communication system, a pilot signal has been considered to be a necessary signal for estimating a changing channel between a base station and a terminal. All mobile communication systems developed so far have a specification for transmitting pilot signals. However, although the pilot signal transmission is easy to estimate the channel,(Ed: unclear wording: it is easy to use the pilot signal transmission to estimate the channel?) it should be minimized because it uses radio resources for data transmission. In this paper, we propose a pilotless channel estimation scheme (PCE) by introducing the clustering method of unsupervised learning used in our deep learning into channel estimation.(Ed: highlight- unclear) The PCE estimates the channel using only the data symbols without using the pilot signal at all. Also, to apply PCE to a real system, we evaluated the performance of PCE based on the resource block (RB), which is a resource allocation unit used in LTE. According to the results of this study, the PCE always provides a better mean square error (MSE) performance than the least square estimator using pilots, although it does not use the pilot signal at all. The MSE performance of the PCE is affected by the number of data symbols used and the frequency selectivity of the channel. In this paper, we provide simulation results considering various effects(Ed: unclear, clarify).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.586-589
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• 1997

Antifungal activities of 6-[(N-4-bromophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK7) were tested. The MIC values of RCK7 were determined for antifungal suceptibility, in vitro against Aspergillus niger, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton mentagrophyte by standard agar streak method. In vitro, RCK7 showed more potent antifungal activity than fluconazole and ketoconazole. Also, RCK7 was tested for in vivo antifungal activity in the treatment of systemic infection with Candida albicans in normal mice. The therapeutic potential of RCK7 had been assessed by evaluating their survival rate against systemic infections compared with that of ketoconazole. $ED_{50}$ of intraperitoneally administered RCK7 ws $2.05{\pm}0.30mg/kg$ but that of ketoconazole was $8.00{\pm}0.73 mg/kg$, respectively. When RCK7 was administered intravenously at the $ED_{50}$(2.05 mg/kg). the colony counts of Candida albicans in the liver after 7 days and 14 days were reduced as likely as ketoconazole at the $ED_{50}(8.00 mg/kg)$, and the better survival rates than ketoconazole's were achieved after 14 days. The results suggest that RCK7 may be a potent antifungal agent.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report the effects of acupuncture on the patients with severe acute musculoskeletal pain transferred from emergency department(ED). Methods : Three patients were transferred from ED of western medicine, and treated with Korean medicine treatments composed of acupuncture mainly and cupping, herbal steaming, and herbal decoction additionally. Results : All patients showed pain-reduction and relaxation both physically and mentally immediately after the first acupuncture treatment. In cases 1 and 2, the pain numerical rating scale(NRS) decreased after the day of admission from 8 to 4 and 10 to 2, respectively. In case 3, pain NRS also gradually decreased from 8 to 4 after three days. Conclusion : Acupuncture was effective for immediate pain reduction in patients with severe acute musculoskeletal pain transferred form ED. Further studies are warranted to confirm the immediate pain-reduction effect of acupuncture on acute musculoskeletal patients visiting or transferred from ED.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.83-105
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• 2019

This study aims to suggest an effective method for the automatic classification of keywords with similar patterns by calculating pattern similarity of temporal data. For this, large scale news on the Web were collected and time series data composed of 120 time segments were built. To make training data set for the performance test of the proposed model, 440 representative keywords were manually classified according to 8 types of trend. This study introduces a Dynamic Time Warping(DTW) method which have been commonly used in the field of time series analytics, and proposes an application model, MA-DTW based on a Moving Average(MA) method which gives a good explanation on a tendency of trend curve. As a result of the automatic classification by a k-Nearest Neighbor(kNN) algorithm, Euclidean Distance(ED) and DTW showed 48.2% and 66.6% of maximum micro-averaged F1 score respectively, whereas the proposed model represented 74.3% of the best micro-averaged F1 score. In all respect of the comprehensive experiments, the suggested model outperformed the methods of ED and DTW.

• Membrane Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

It is a global challenge to fulfill the demand for clean water at an affordable cost to all the strata of the population. Desalination of seawater as well as brackish water by the membrane separation process is a well-established and cost-efficient method. However, there is still inherent problem of membrane fouling, disposal of the reject as well as a capital-intensive process. While electrodialysis (ED) is a membrane-based separation process in which a driving force is the potential difference. The advantages of ED process are excellent efficiency and low operation cost. Ion exchange membrane (IEM) used in the ED process needs to have higher chemical and thermal stability along with excellent mechanical strength for long-term use without losing its efficiency. The ion exchange capacity of the ED membrane is largely dependent on the conductivity of IEMs. In this review, the modification strategy of the pristine membrane to enhance the stability and ion conductivity of cation exchange membrane (CEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) is discussed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 1994

${\beta}-Lactamase$ stability, chemotherapeutic activity, and pharmacokinetics of 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(CEN1), 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(CEN2), pivaloyloxymethyl-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothizaole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonyl-thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(CEN1P), and pivaloyloxymethyl-7-{(Z)--2-(2-aminothizaole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonyl-thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(CEN2P) were examined. CEN1, CEN2, CEN1P, and CEN2P were very stable to the ${\beta}-lactamase$ obtained from three strains(Enterobacter cloacae P99, Escherichia coli TEM, and Citrobacter freundii). Chemotherapeutic activities$(ED_{50})$ of CEN2 and CEN2P against experimental systemic infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes 77A and Escherichia coli 078 were superior to those of CEN1 and CEN1P, respectively. The $ED_{50}$ values of CEN1, CEN2 were 5.82 mg/kg, 0.89 mg/kg(s.c., S. pyogenes 77A) while those of CEN1P, CEN2P were 14.56mg/kg, 6.40mg/kg(p.o., S. pyogenes 77A), respectively. The pharmacokinetics of CEN1, CEN2, CEN1P, and CEN2P were investigated in mice and rats. In mice, peak blood levels of $1.25\;{\mu}g/ml$ were recorded within 20 min after oral administration of a single dose equivalent to 40 mg/kg CEN1P. Cmax of CEN1P was much higher than that of CEN1 in mice and rats. Oral absorption of CEN2P was much higher than that of CEN2.