• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2009

In this study, we conducted heat-treatment on freshwater cultured pearls at various conditions in other to improve their color. Also, after heat treatment, we used the UV-Vis, ED-XRF and SEM to investigate changes freshwater cultured pearls' color, composition and internal structure. UV-Vis analysis showed the reflectivity of samples increased at most heat-treatment conditions although the reflectivity decreased at a certain temperature and duration. At $100^{\circ}c$/8 h, $120^{\circ}c$/6 h and $140^{\circ}c$/4 h, the reflectivity increased highest. In proportion to reflectivity increase, freshwater cultured pearls' color was improved. Ca, Mn, Sr and other micro elements were found from ED-XRF analysis. However, changes in composition of elements were not detected. It was found that the content of Mn in freshwater cultured pearl is higher than other micro elements. From SEM analysis, aragonite's shape was shown in narce and some of the narce were condensed after heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.70-79
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• 2006

many plumbing system are needed in the ceiling of the building as it becomes advanced more and more. This leads to make effective space between ceiling level and slab less. Also, piping system is not suitably arranged and operated if it is bent around the columns which they are a lot. But this system can be more effective if it passes through the columns directly. Most people think that those columns should not be damaged with such as holes. But actually this is existed in a hotel building in switzerland. This study is to fing out how much capacity the columns become damaged and low using model size of $20cm{\times}30cm$ rectangular section, and 160cm long, in the structural test. it's compressive strength is focused on $240kg/cm^{2}$ design strength, commonly used in korea. Compressive test for them was done at Hanyang University using UTM one thousand tone(1000t) capacity. Variable numbers for the study are one hole of dia 3cm with distance 20cm or 40cm, two holes of dia 3cm with 20cm and 40cm distance, one hole of dia 5cm with distance 20cm and 40cm, two holes of dia 5cm with 20cm and 40cm distance, me eccentric hole with 20cm and 40cm distance, Normal(without hole). two test specimens of each variable are made for the test. ED5H20 capacity was 16.7% decreased, compared to normal one. While ED5H40 distant 40cm from the end of column top showed 19.5% capacity decrease, compared to normal one. Strain of ED5H20 diameter 5cm, in distance of 20cm form the top of the column was less 5% than the one of diameter 3cm. Finally, conclusions are that in case of hole diameter 3cm, located at 20cm from the end of the column top, capacity was decreased down to 3, percent only compared to the same diameter hole with 20cm distant from the end of it.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.282-284
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• 1997

Ultrasonic motors using piezoelectric ceramics and brass metal endcaps were fabricated, which is operated by single - phase high frequency. The structure of the ultrasonic motors has the wind-mill type. The stator part consists of a piezoelectric disk and two metal endcaps slotted wind-mill type. According to the piezoceramic disk vibrates as a radial mode, two metal endcaps provide both longitudinal and torsional displacements simultaneously. Because the metal endcaps have a nonsymmetric structure. the principle of the ultrasonic motor is not well understood. The dimension of the ultrasonic motor is diameter in 12.7 mm and thickness in 2.0 mm, and especially the PMN-PT-PZ piezoelectric disk was used. The maximum revolution speed 700 rpm and the maximum torque 0.22 mN.m were obtained. The ultrasonic motor for rotation was Supplied only single phase AC.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2016

Anatase particles of titanium dioxide were prepared from $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution by using an electro-dialysis [ED] process. For the preparation of an aqueous solution of $TiCl_4$ precipitates, $TiCl_4$ liquid frozen in ice was transferred to a neck flask and then hydrolyzed using deionized [DI] $H_2O$. During the hydrolysis of the $TiCl_4$ solution at $0^{\circ}C$, a slurry solution of $TiOCl_2$ was obtained and the color changed from red to orange. The ED process was applied for the removal of chlorine content in the slurry solution. Two kinds of hydrolyzed slurry solution with lower [$Ti^{4+}$] and higher [$Ti^{4+}$] were sampled and the ED process was applied for the samples according to the removal time of [$Cl^-$]. With de-chlorination, the solution status changed from sol to gel and the color quickly changed to blue. Finally, white crystalline powders were formed and the phase was confirmed by XRD to be anatase crystallites. The morphology of the hydrous titania particles in the solution was observed by FE-SEM. The hydrous titania particles were nano-crystalline, and easily coagulated with drying.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 1994

This study was conducted to characterize the in vivo pharmacology of KR-30988, KR-30992 and losartan, new AT antagonists, given as i.v. cumulative doses, in two antimal models of high renin, conscious renal artery-ligated hypertensinve rats (RHRs) and nomotensive rats anesthetized with urethane (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and .alpha.-chloralose (90 mg/kg, i.p.), with a special emphasis on the phamacological characterization of the latter model. In conscious RHRs, KR-30988, KR-30992, losartan and captopril caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure, their relative potencise ($ED_{20}$) being 0.057, 0.028, 0164 and 0.018 mg/kg, i.v., repectively. In anesthetized rats, 2 hours after anesthesia, plasma renin activity was increased from 7.31 tp 34.07 ng/ml/h, the level approximately 1.5 times greater than the highest level in RHRs. In anesthtized rats, the $ED_{20}$s for all four compounds were 0.004 mg/kg i.v., respectively. By comparison, $ED_{20}$sfrom anesthetized rats were 4 to 5 times smaller than those from conscious RHRs, with a good correlation (.gamma. = 0.999) noted between thetized rats to the hypotensive activity of the compounds and the same order of potencies intwo models. These results suggest that, in addition to PHRs, the normotensive rats anesthetized as above can serve as a suitable model for the rapid phamacological evaluation of $AT_1$ receptor antagonists.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 1995

Omeprazole(OMP) complexes such as inclusion complexes of OMP with $hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$(HPCD) and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CD)$, OMP-cholestyramine(CHL) and OMP-ethylenediamine(OMP-ED) were prepared, respectively. The partition coefficients in Witepsol H-15 /pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution of OMP complexes$(OMP-HPCD;\;3.69{\pm}0.26,\;OMP-{\beta}-CD;\;4.08{\pm}0.21,\;OMP-CHL;\;4.36{\pm}0.25\;and\;omeprazole\;sodium(OMP-Na);\;3.64{\pm}0.37)$ were higher than that of OMP $(2.66{\pm}0.47)$. OMP was not completely dissolved until even 3 hrs, but all the OMP complexes studied were released about 100% in 20 min. The rectal suppositories containing OMP or each above OMP complex were prepared using Witepsol H-15 base, and their dissolution and stability were examined, and pharmacokinetic study were investigated after their rectal administrations to the rabbits. While the suppository containing OMP was released only less than 60% in 150 min, $OMP-{\beta}-CD$, OMP-CHL, OMP-Na and OMP-ED suppositories were all released about 65% in 20 min. Especially, OMP-HPCD suppository released OMP about 70% in 10 min. All the additives such as sodium laurylsulfate, eglumine, arginine and PVP increased drug release from OMP-HPCD suppository to some extent. The decomposition rate constants of OMP in the suppositories were $9.117{\times}10^{-3}\;day^{-l}$ for OMP suppository, $2.121{\times}10^{-2}$ for OMP-HPCD, $1.607{\times}10^{-2}$ for $OMP-{\beta}-CD$, $9.26{\times}10^{-3}$ for OMP-Na, $6.769{\times}10^{-3}$ for OMP-CHL and $5.58{\times}10^{-3}\;day^{-l}$ for OMP-ED suppository, respectively. Additives such as arginine, eglumine and ED had some stabilizing effect for OMP-HPCD, OMP-CHL and OMP-Na suppositories, respectively. After 6 month-storage at $30^{\circ}C$, 75% RH, OMP-CHL suppository was most stable. The values of Tmax for OMP-HPCD and OMP-Na suppositories were $11.7{\pm}2.36\;and\;11.4{\pm}2.56\;min$, respectively. The values of Cmax for OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL suppository were $2.31\;{\mu}g/ml\;(p<0.01)\;and\;1.89\;{\mu}g/ml\;p<0.01)$, respectively. The values of AUC for OMP and $OMP-{\beta}-CD$ suppository were $61.9{\pm}25.79\;and\;68.6{\pm}29.48\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml$, and the corresponding values for OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL were $106.1{\pm}43.16\;(p<0.05)\;and\;127.3{\pm}42.52\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml(p<0.01)$, respectively. The above results indicate the OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL suppositories have the excellent bioavailabilties in vivo study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1619-1624
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• 2003

The effect of maize hybrid (Suco and Dekalb 765, DK 765), maturity stage (milk, $R_3$ and 1/2 milk line, $R_5$) and animal diet (Diet 1: 70% lucerne hay+30% maize silage; Diet 2: 50% maize silage+20% sunflower meal+30% maize grain) on ruminal stover dry matter (DM) degradability was studied. Additionally, morphological and chemical plant composition was evaluated. Fodder samples ground at 2 mm were incubated in three Holstein steers (400 kg body weight) using the in situ technique. Ruminal degradation kinetics was studied and the effective degradability (ED) was estimated for an assumed kp of 5%/h. The in situ data was analyzed in a complete randomized block design with the animals as blocks. Significant interactions between hybrid${\times}$diet and maturity${\times}$diet on kinetic digestion parameters were detected. In Diet 1, hybrids did not differ in degradable fraction, kd or ED, although a minor difference (p<0.05) in the soluble fraction was found (25.5 and 23.2% for Suco and DK 765, respectively). In Diet 2, the DK 765 had greater degradable fraction (p<0.001) but smaller (p<0.01) kd than Suco, without differences in the soluble fraction or in ED. Anticipating the harvest increased ED of stover from 37.5% in $R_5$ to 44.6% in $R_3$ (average values across hybrids and diets) due to the increase (p<0.001) in the soluble fraction ($R_5$: 22.6%, $R_3$: 28.8%). It is concluded that hybrids had similar stover in situ DM degradability and that soluble fraction represent the main proportion of degradable substrates. Advancing the date of harvesting may not improve the in situ DM degradability of whole maize plant silage since the increase in stover quality is counteracted by the depression in the grain-to-stover ratio. The diet of the animal consuming silage might not improve stover utilization either.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The most common cuase of transfusion for trauma victims in an emergency department is hypovolemic shock due to injury. After an injury to an internal organ of the chest or the abdomen, transfusion is needed to supply blood products and to compensate tissue oxygen transport and bleeding. From the 1990's, there have been some reports that transfusion is one of the major factors causing multiple-organ failure. Thus, as much as possible, tranfusion has been minimized in the clinical setting. This study aims to analyze the prognostic factors for mortality among trauma victims transfused with blood products in an emergency department. Methods: We conducted this study for the year of 2010 retrospectively. The study group included adult trauma victims tranfused with blood products in our ED. The exclusion criteria were discharge against medical advice, and missing follow-up due to transfer to another facility. During the study period, 34 adult trauma victims were enrolled. We compared the clinical variables between survivors and non-survivors. Results: the mean age of the 34 victims was 58.06 years, and males account for 58.5% of the study group. The most-frequently used form transportation was ambulance(119, 55.9%), and the most common injury mechanism was mobile vehicle accidents(67.6%). The mean revised trauma score (RTS) was 5.9, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 47.76. The mortality rate in the ED was 58.5%, Comparison of survivors with non-survivors showed statistical differences in injury mechanism, initial SBP, DBP, RTS, ISS, and some laboratory data such as AST, ALT, pH, PO2, HCO3, glucose (p<0.05). Regression analyses showed that mortality among adult trauma victims transfused in the ED correlated with RTS. Conclusion: When an adult trauma victim is transported to the ED and needs a tranfusion, the emergency physician carefully assess the victim by using physiologic data.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

ACE-inhibitory peptides derived from goat's whey hydrolyzed by various proteolytic enzymes were separated and purified for antihypertension materials. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity of goat's whey hydrolysates was 85.5 % by pepsin for 72 hrs. Also the highest ACE-inhibitory activity of goat's whey hydrolysates was F-4 by pepsin for 72 hrs by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatograms. F-4e and F-4ed from F-4 by RP-HPLC to first and second purification were the highest in ACE-inhibitory activity, respectively. The most abundant amino acid was leucine(I 8.54 %) in F-4ed of ACE-inhibitory peptides after second purification. Amino acid sequence of F-4ed of ACE-inhibitory peptides showed Leu-Lys-Asp-Tyr-Gly-GlyVal- Ser-Leu and Leu-Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Gly- Asp-Val-Ala-Phe. $IC_{50}$ calibrated in peptic hydrolysates(72 hrs), F-4, F-4e and F-4ed from goat's whey hydrolysates by pepsin for 72 hrs were 33.93, 28.75, 11.74 and 1.09 mg/ml, respectively. From the results of this experiment, goat's whey hydrolysate by pepsin was shown to have ACE-inhibitory activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1757-1760
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• 2005

A series of 6-alkyloxyl-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinoliones (5a-5n) were synthesized through nitration, reduction, diazotization, hydrolysis and alkylation from 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolione. Their structures were characterized by IR, $^1H$-NMR and MS. The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by the Maximal electroshock test (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (Metrazole) test (sc-Met). The neurotoxicity was measured by the Rotarod test (Tox). The result showed that 6-hexyloxy-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone (5c) was potent in anti-MES and anti-scMet test with $ED_{50}$ of 24.0 mg/kg and 21.2 mg/kg, respectively, albeit its $TD_{50}$ (67.6 mg/kg) revealed the high neurotoxicity. 6-Benzyloxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (5f) was less effective against MES induced seizure with $ED_{50}$ of 29.6 mg/kg, but no neurotoxicity was observed even under 300 mg/kg. Its Protective index (PI) was greater than 10 preferable to Phenytoin, Carbamazepin, Phenobarbital and Valproate.