• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2016

This study was carried out to classify the current forest cover types and to propose the successional trends in the natural forest of Mt. Deogyu. The vegetation data were collected by the point-centered quarter method. The forest cover types were classified by various multivariate statistical analysis methods such as cluster analysis, indicator species analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. This forests were classified into five forest types by the species composition of upper layer and topographic positions: Quercus mongolica forest in the ridge, Fraxinus mandushurica-F. rhynchophylla-Cornus controversa forest and F. mandushurica forest in the valley, the Q. serrata - Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica forest and P. densiflora forest in the low-slope. As a result of the forest successional trends depending on ecological and environmental characteristics in each forest type, the current forest types were expected that the forest succession would be proceeded toward Q. mongolica forest, F. mandshurica forest, mixed mesophytic forest, and oak-Carpinus laxiflora forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is on monitoring complementary forest of village according to restoration project. Accordingly, this study was accomplished in case of Dubang complementary forest of village in Wanju-gun which was indicated as beautiful village forest by Korean government. This study describes the restoration project and identifies the change of species diversity and succession through monitoring. For this, vegetational survey was performed in 2003 and 2010. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) was measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. The results demonstrate significant increase of species diversity and progress of natural succession. It means ecological structure and function have improved. Also ecological disturbance appears here and there on account of insufficient management.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2007

In order to investigate the basic vegetation information for the efficient management of the Sorbus commixta habitat in Korea, 31 plots in Mt. Chiri area were selected of which vegetation types were classified in phytosociological method and ecological characteristics were identified. As a result, the habitat was classified as S. commixta community group which was then subdivided to Prunus padus group and Picea jezoensis group. Prunus padus group was classified in Ainsliaea acerifolia subgroup and Magnolia sieboldii subgroup, while the Picea jezoensis group was classified in Rhododendron mucronulatum subgroup and Echinopanax horridum subgroup. Thus, the forest vegetation of S. commixta was classified in 1 community, 2 groups and 4 subgroups, and found to have 4 vegetation units in total.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological attributes of forest types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Mt. Odae on the basis of the vegetation data (232 sampling points) from the point-quarter sampling methods. For the classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value to describe the stand structure and the species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. Recognized forest types were 1) Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora-Betula ermanii forest type, 2) Mixed mesophytic forest type, 3) Q. mongolica forest type, 4) B. ermanii forest type. Species diversity indices of total and overstory were highest in the Mixed mesophytic forest type (3.465 and 2.942), and lowest in the B. ermanii forest type (0.118 and 0.832). In addition to that, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora-B. ermanii forest type was calculated as 3.226 and 2.565, and Q. mongolica forest type was calculated as 2.776 and 1.218 in total and overstory, respectively. It was considered that after the P. densiflora and B. ermanii first invaded and site condition became good, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora-B. ermanii forest type was dominated by Q. mongolica. Mixed mesophytic forest type showed the most stable stand structure with various species distributed uniformly. Q. mongolica forest type would preserve the present stand status for a while, and the B. ermanii in B. ermanii forest type would be pressed by other species over time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.777-784
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop evaluation indices for forest landscape classification. The indices were chosen to enable forest managers to establish effective landscape management strategies through three times of focus group interviews and email survey with experts. The 13 landscape evaluation indices were finally divided into four categories. They were ecological health (degree of green naturality, degree of ecological naturality, disease and insect damage, crown vitality), aesthetic visual quality (naturalness, harmony, diversity, traditionality, aesthetic appreciation, rarity), and sensitivity (level of tourism/recreational use), interruptions (damaged land, artificial structures). The five-level was suggested for the forest landscape classification system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

We classified the forest type and figured out the ecological characteristics for each of the types in order to provide the basic informations for being induced ecologically efficient forest practice plan by vegetation units in the natural forest of Songnisan. We established the 250 sample points and collected the vegetation data of vertical distribution for each sample. A variety of multivariate statistical methods were applied to classify the forest types. The species diversity index were analyzed to estimate the stability and maturity for forest vegetation in each the type. The types were divided from two to ten clusters by cluster analysis. The appropriate number of clusters was estimated five clusters by indicator species analysis. It was verified through the multiple discriminant analysis that the estimated number of clusters had been suitable. Based on the species composition for each the type, this study site was classified into five forest types: 1) Quercus serrata and 2) mixed mesophytic forest in the valley area, 3) Q. mongolica forest in the main ridge, 4) Pinus densiflora forest in the sub-ridge extending from the main, and 5) Q. variabilis-P. densiflora forest between the sub-ridge and valley. The species diversity index of the pine forest that had been a simple species composition was the lowest while that of the mixed mesophytic forest of which the composition had been diverse was the highest. As the forest vegetation was more varied, the index showed a tendency to increase.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2013

In this research, forest cover distribution change, forest volume and carbon stock in Yongin-city, Gyeonggi procince were estimated focused on the forest of Yongin-City using forest type map and HyTAG model in relation to climate change. Present forest volume of Yongin-city was estimated using the data from $5^{th}$ Forest Type Map and Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI). And for the future 100 years potential forest distribution by 10-year interval were estimated using HyTAG model. Forest volume was also calculated using algebraic differences form of the growth model. According to the $5^{th}$ Forest Type Map, present needleleaf forest occupied 37.8% and broadleaf forest 62.2% of forest area. And the forest cover distribution after 30 years would be changed to 0.13% of needleleaf forest and 99.97% of broadleaf forest. Finally, 60 years later, whole forest of Yongin-city would be covered by broad-leaf forest. Also the current forest carbon stocks was measured 1,773,862 tC(56.79 tC/ha) and future carbon stocks after 50 years was predicted to 4,432,351 tC(141.90 tC/ha) by HyTAG model. The carbon stocks after 100 years later was 6,884,063 tC (220.40 tC/ha). According to the HyTAG model prediction, Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaempferi, Pinus rigida, and Pinus densiflora are not suitable to the future climate of 10-year, 30-year, 30-year, and 50-year later respectively. All Quercus spp. was predicted to be suitable to the future climate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42
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• pp.238-258
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• 2009

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.527-535
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• 2015

With results from previous Korean studies on forest thinning, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of thinning on diameter at breast height (DBH) growth and carbon (C) stocks (tree, litter layer, coarse woody debris (CWD), and soils) in Korean forests. Thinning increased the DBH growth and the C stocks in soils by 39.2% and 12.8%, respectively, while it decreased the C stocks in tree by 30.9%. In contrast, thinning had no significant effect on the C stocks in litter layer and CWD. The DBH growth and the C stocks in tree showed significant correlations with thinning intensity and recovery time. The C stocks in litter layer correlated with recovery time while those in CWD and soils did not show significant correlation neither with thinning intensity nor with recovery time. Regression models of the DBH growth and the C stocks in tree were developed to quantify the effect of thinning intensity and recovery time. An integration of the regression model of the tree C stock into forest carbon models is expected to be essential to quantify the effect of thinning on the C stocks in litter layer, CWD, and soils. We also suggested expansion of study species, long-term and frequent monitoring, and investigation on understory vegetation in order to elucidate changes in Korean forests following thinning practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.20-30
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• 2007

Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is the class map to divide the national land into conservation areas and development areas based on legal and ecological assessment criteria. It contributes to enhancements of the efficiency and the scientificity when framing a policy in various fields including the environment. However, it is impossible to understand the multiphase vegetation structure as data on judging the national forest class in ECVAM are restricted to areal information of Ecological Nature Status, Degree of Green Naturality and Forest Map. This point drops the reliability of ECVAM. Therefore we constructed vegetation information using LiDAR (Light Detection And Raging) technology. We generated Biomass Class Maps as final results of this study, to introduce the new forest assessment criterion in ECVAM that alternates or makes up for existing forest assessment criteria. And then, we compared these with Forest Map and Landsat TM NDVI image. As a result, biomass classes are generally higher than stand age classes and DBH classes of Vegetation Map, and lower than NDVI of Landsat TM image because of the difference of time on data construction. However distributions between these classes are mostly similar. Therefore we estimates that it is possible to apply the biomass item to the new forest assessment criterion of ECVAM. The introduction of the biomass in ECVAM makes it useful to detect the vegetation succession, to adjust the class of the changed zone since the production of Vegetation Map and to rectify the class error of Vegetation Map because variations on tree heights, forest area, gaps between trees, vegetation vitality and so on are acquired as interim findings in process of computing biomass.