• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.321-337
• /
• 2018

The characteristics of 124 Phytolacca americana present areas and 88 surrounding absent areas over the country were investigated and compared from July 2016 to Sept 2017. The Phytolacca americana was confirmed as having been nationally distributed and is usually found in roadsides at an altitude of 380 m (26%), forest edges (24%), forests (19%), sunny spots (60%), dry soils (53%), sandy loams (31%) and sand+gravel soils (22%). 321 taxons consisting of 79 families, 209 genera, 289 species, 2 subspecies, 26 varieties and 4 cultivars and 286 taxons consisting of 76 families, 195 genera, 256 species, 2 subspecies, 24 varieties and 4 cultivars were found in the Phytolacca americana present areas and the absent areas, respectively. The relative net contribution degree was found highest in the Phytolacca americana (100) followed by Robinia pseudoacacia (29.4), Humulus japonicus (8.8) and Artemisia princeps (6.0) in the present areas, while it was found highest in Robinia pseudoacacia (100) followed by Humulus japonicus (44.4), Artemisia princeps (35.9), Pueraria lobata (18.6) and Setaria viridis (12.3) in the absent areas. The Raunkier's life form in the present/absent areas was found highest in the therophytes (34%/34%), followed by hemicryptophytes (17%/18%), megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes (18%/17%), nanophanerophytes (11%/11%) and geophytes (9%/11%). There was no significant difference in the species diversity between the present (2.141) and the absent (2.124) areas. However, the allelopathic agent and light blocked-out by the Phytolacca americana could possibly inhibit germination and the development of other species; especially, where a difference in species diversity was found high in forests, compared to other habitats (p=0.0605). Accordingly, it is suggested to review possible disturbances of native species habitats in shady spots including forest gaps, although the effect of Phytolacca americana on the ecological system in the suburban open and disturbed areas is not large.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.89-104
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to the development of ecological planting model to make up of coastal windbreak forest on the Suncheon-bay in Sucheon-si, Korea. Make up of coastal windbreak forest in this site was needed for appropriate bioresource, biodiversity and ecological structure, and for conservation of the eco-tour resource and protection of human life and property by the unforeseen disaster from the coast. Based on the plant-social principle, the planting model of windbreak forest was developed to facilitate growth of trees, considering planting locations. The ecological planting model for the coastal windbreak was composed of warm temperate evergreen and windbreak forest which is spreading around the inland area in Korea. The horizontal forest style was composed of forest edge community and inner forest community, and the vertical forest style was composed of upper, middle, low and ground planting class. The target of the present model was quasi-natural forest, and the species of tree were selected based on the adaptability to surroundings depending on a goal to create a forest and forest style. To achieve both functions of wind break forest and visual effect in short period of time, small trees and seedlings were planted with high-density of 40,000/ha in an expectation of easy natural maintenance in the future. The significance of the present study is a suggestion for a guideline to create ecological coastal windbreak forest in the Suncheon-bay in which the harmony of human life and the ecological conservation is of great importance. Also, the ecological coastal windbreak forest model should be developed further through the long term monitoring after construction of forest.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.220-226
• /
• 2004

경기도 시흥시 정왕동 시화공업단지 내 주식회사 진도종합건설 시화소각장 주변을 생태적으로 건전하게 유지하기 위한 수단으로 생태적 설계에 바탕을 두고 복원사업을 실시하였고, 서울시 노원구의 수락산에 인공 조림된 아까시나무 임분을 복원생태학의 원리에 바탕을 두고 관리하여 그 효과를 평가하였다. 생태학적으로 창조된 숲은 조경 방법을 적용하여 조성된 숲과 비교하여 주변의 자연림과 더 유사한 종 조성을 나타내었고, 종 다양성도 높아 생태적 복원의 효과가 확인되었다. 생태학적 원리를 적용하여 관리된 아까시나무 임분은 그러한 관리없이 방치된 것과 비교하여 인근의 자연림과 더 유사한 종 조성을 나타내었고, 종 다양성도 높아 여기서도 복원의 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 생태적 복원은 사업시행자 및 감독자의 전문성 결여, 생태적 특성이 반영되지 않은 건축조례, 묘목의 부재 등 여러 가지 현실적 문제점을 드러내었다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 건축조례의 개선을 포함하여 해당지역의 자연환경에 토대를 둔 식재 지침 마련, 묘목의 준비 및 국민의 의식 수준을 향상시키기 위한 환경교육의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2008

국토개발사업의 사전 계획 과정에서 개발할 것인지 보전할 것인지에 대한 의사결정은 인간 활동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 편리함과 이익을 고려해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 자연환경생태에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 종합적으로 예측하고 평가할 수 있는 자료기반 및 통합적 평가기법을 요구한다. 동식물생태와 지형경관요소들은 환경부의 생태자연도를 통해서 환경영향평가에 현재 활용되고 있지만, 자연생태의 주요 구성요소 중 하나인 토양생태는 정량적인 자료와 지형정보와 연계된 정보의 부재로 환경영향평가에서 고려되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양생태를 포함한 자연환경과 생활환경 요소들을 망라해서 총체적 환경성을 평가할 수 있는 수치지도를 작성하고 토양생태 등급의 가중치가 친환경도로 노선 선정에 미치는 영향에 대해서 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 자연환경 요소들 중 토양생태의 가중치가 14% 이상 만 되어도 최적 친환경노선 선정에 민감하게 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해서 이제까지 환경영향 평가에서 무시되어 오던 토양생태 정보가 친환경 건설개발사업의 계획 및 기초설계 단계에서 중요하게 고려되어야 할 생태요소임을 입증할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.1177-1182
• /
• 2004

Polyclonal anti-sera were collected from sheep and chicken immunized with adipocytes plasma membranes. Thirty two male wistar rats, weighing 185-215 grams, were divided randomly into 4 groups (trial 1: control group and treat group, trial 2: control group and treat group), with 8 rats in each group. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. Trial one: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1ml of sheep normal sera. The same 4 day daily dose of group sheep anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane anti-sera was administered to the treat group. The results showed that the treatment for treat group increased body weight by 6.35% (p<0.05) and food intake by 6.85%, and improved food conversion efficiency (Food intake/gain) by 45.00% (p<0.05). Periernal, epididymal and omental adipose deposit weights were decreased by 23.92% (p<0.05), 34.45% (p<0.05) and 0.98% respectively, while total fat content decreased by 20.92%. Trial two: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 ml of chicken normal sera, the results of injections of chicken anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane antis-era administered to the treat group indicated that chicken anti-rats adipocyte plasma membranes immunization had an disadvantageous effect on the growth of the wistar rats by the end of 7th wk, compared with the control group. The immunized group decreased in total weight by 40 gram (p<0.05) an averagely and in food intake noticeably (p<0.01). The deposition of fat and the rates of TG and FFA in serum had no statistical significance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권9호
• /
• pp.1187-1196
• /
• 2013

Global warming will have far-reaching effects on our ecosystem. However, its effects on Antarctic soils have been poorly explored. To assess the effects of warming on microbial abundance and community composition, we sampled Antarctic soils from the King George Island in the Antarctic Peninsula and incubated these soils at elevated temperatures of $5^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. The reduction in total organic carbon and increase in soil respiration were attributed to the increased proliferation of Bacteria, Fungi, and Archaea. Interestingly, bacterial ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes were predominant over archaeal amoA, unlike in many other environments reported previously. Phylogenetic analyses of bacterial and archaeal amoA communities via clone libraries revealed that the diversity of amoA genes in Antarctic ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic communities were temperature-insensitive. Interestingly, our data also showed that the amoA of Antarctic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities differed from previously described amoA sequences of cultured isolates and clone library sequences, suggesting the presence of novel Antarctic-specific AOB communities. Denitrification-related genes were significantly reduced under warming conditions, whereas the abundance of amoA and nifH increased. Barcoded pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the major phyla in Antarctic soils and the effect of short-term warming on the bacterial community was not apparent.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제30권1B호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2010

최근에 들어서 홍수조절과 생태적 기능을 모두 만족시키는 방안으로서 천변저류지에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경상남도 창녕군의 토평천 유역을 대상으로 하여 우포늪의 상류 및 중하류에 분포하는 천변저류지를 조성하였을 경우 천변저류지로 인한 홍수조절 효과와 생태적인 효과를 검토하였다. 연구 결과 천변저류지로 인하여 홍수 조절 및 생물다양성 증진 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 여러 천변저류지의 형식이나 조합에 따라서 효과는 상이하게 나타났다. 따라서, 천변저류지를 설치할 경우 단순 홍수조절 효과만을 고려하여 평가하기 보다는 다양한 효과 분석을 통해 천변저류지를 조성하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.600-605
• /
• 2019

Background: The leaves and roots of Panax ginseng are rich in ginsenosides. However, the chemical compositions of the leaves and roots of P. ginseng differ, resulting in different medicinal functions. In recent years, the aerial parts of members of the Panax genus have received great attention from natural product chemists as producers of bioactive ginsenosides. The aim of this study was the isolation and structural elucidation of novel, minor ginsenosides in the leaves of P. ginseng and evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity in vitro. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques were applied to obtain pure individual compounds, and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as chemical methods. The antiinflammatory effect of the new compounds was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Results and conclusions: Two novel, minor triterpenoid saponins, ginsenoside $LS_1$ (1) and 5,6-didehydroginsenoside $Rg_3$ (2), were isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng. The isolated compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and Compound 2 showed a significant inhibitory effect with $IC_{50}$ of $37.38{\mu}M$ compared with that of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine ($IC_{50}=90.76{\mu}M$). Moreover, Compound 2 significantly decreased secretion of cytokines such as prostaglandin $E_2$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. In addition, Compound 2 significantly suppressed protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These results suggested that Compound 2 could be used as a valuable candidate for medicinal use or functional food, and the mechanism is warranted for further exploration.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제104권4호
• /
• pp.527-535
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 간벌에 따른 국내 산림의 직경 생장량과 탄소 저장량(임목, 고사목, 낙엽층, 토양) 변화를 파악하기 위하여 관련 결과들을 메타 분석한 것이다. 메타 분석 결과 간벌에 의하여 직경 생장량과 토양 탄소 저장량은 각각 39.2% 및 12.8% 증가하였고 임목 탄소 저장량은 30.9% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고사목과 낙엽층 탄소 저장량은 간벌에 따른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 한편 직경 생장량과 임목 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도 및 회복 시간(간벌 후 시간의 경과)과 상관 관계를 보였다. 그리고 낙엽층 탄소 저장량은 회복 시간과 상관 관계를 보였으나, 고사목과 토양 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도 및 회복 시간과 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한 간벌 강도와 회복 시간에 따른 직경 생장량과 임목 탄소 저장량의 회귀식을 개발하였다. 고사목, 낙엽층 그리고 토양 탄소 저장량은 간벌 강도와 회복 시간과의 상관 관계가 거의 나타나지 않았으므로, 이들의 변화를 정량화하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 개발한 임목 탄소 저장량 회귀식과 산림 탄소 모델의 연계가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 간벌에 의한 산림의 변화를 보다 정확하게 파악하기 위하여 연구 대상 수종 확대, 장기 모니터링 및 측정 주기 단축, 그리고 하층 식생 조사 등을 제언하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1050-1062
• /
• 2012

Concepts of science have been developed by occupying 'ecological niche' within conceptual ecology. The ecological niche is determined from the mutual effect between intellectual environmental of the learner and new concept, which few studies have been conducted. This study examined how the ecological niche of the concept of photosynthesis in $7^{th}$ grade is changed by instruction. The ecological niche was analyzed using 2 methods: (1) the change in the diversity of concepts, and (2) the change in the proximity of concepts based on the frequency and the relativeness score of the concepts. The concept of photosynthesis was analyzed in the 4 domains in the place of photosynthesis, products of photosynthesis, reactants of photosynthesis, and environmental factors. The results of this study are as follows: (1) reduced diversity of concepts, (2) increased frequency and relativeness score of the scientific concepts, and (3) increased proximity of the scientific concepts by instruction. With these results, the mutual effects of the concepts within the conceptual ecology have become active by class to differentiate the relationships between the concepts, which accordingly displayed their changes in status.