• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2018

Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are, due to their pluripotency, useful sources of cells for stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration. The phenotypes of hMSCs are strongly influenced by their microenvironment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and structure of which are important in regulating stem cell fate. In reciprocal manner, the properties of ECM are remodeled by the hMSCs, but the mechanism involved in ECM remodeling by hMSCs under topographical stimulus is unclear. In this study, we therefore examined the effect of nanotopography on the expression of ECM proteins by hMSCs by analyzing the quantity and structure of the ECM on a nanogrooved surface. Methods: To develop the nanoengineered, hMSC-derived ECM, we fabricated the nanogrooves on a coverglass using a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA). Then, hMSCs were cultivated on the nanogrooves, and the cells at the full confluency were decellularized. To analyze the effect of nanotopography on the hMSCs, the hMSCs were re-seeded on the nanoengineered, hMSC-derived ECM. Results: hMSCs cultured within the nano-engineered hMSC-derived ECM sheet showed a different pattern of expression of ECM proteins from those cultured on ECM-free, nanogrooved surface. Moreover, hMSCs on the nano-engineered ECM sheet had a shorter vinculin length and were less well-aligned than those on the other surface. In addition, the expression pattern of ECM-related genes by hMSCs on the nanoengineered ECM sheet was altered. Interestingly, the expression of genes for osteogenesis-related ECM proteins was downregulated, while that of genes for chondrogenesis-related ECM proteins was upregulated, on the nanoengineered ECM sheet. Conclusions: The nanoengineered ECM influenced the phenotypic features of hMSCs, and that hMSCs can remodel their ECM microenvironment in the presence of a nanostructured ECM to guide differentiation into a specific lineage.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.542-549
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• 1995

Extracellular matrix(ECM) 단백질이 SK-N-SH 및 IMR-32 세포주가 신경계 세포로 분화되는 데 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Laminin과 collagen으로 도말한 배양기에서 7일간 배양했을 때 SK-N-SH세포는 잘 발달된 신경측색생장을 보였으나 IMR-32세포는 뚜렷한 형태변화를 나타내지 않았다. 왜 IMR-32세포가 ECM 단백질에 반응을 하지 않는가를 규명하기 위하여 ECM단백질에 의한 초기 신호전달기작을 두 세포주에서 분석하였다. ECM 단백질을 도말한 배양기에 세포를 깔았을 때 한시간 만에 tyrosine 인산화된 단백질이 두 세포 모두 증가함을 볼 수 있었다. 아울러 focal adhesion kinase(FAK)의 tyrosine 인산화도 두 세포주 모두에서 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 두 세포주가 ECM 단백질에 의한 초기 신호전달체계가 정상임을 의미한다. 신경세포 분화과정에 증가한다고 알려진 Bcl-2 및 NSE의 량을 ECM 단백질 처리후 조사하였을 때 SK-N-SH 세포주는 두 단백질이 증가 했지만 IMR-32 세포주는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 IMR-32 세포주가 ECM 단백질에 반응하지 않는 것이 ECM 단백질에 의한 신호전달체계에 문제가 있다기 보다 신경계세포로 분화되는 데 필요한 유전인자의 발현조절에 문제가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

기업 콘텐트의 광범위한 스펙트럼의 대두로 각각의 비즈니스 유형에 적용되는 종래 방식의 포인트 솔루션으로 대응하기에 한계가 있다는 점이 인식되면서, ECM 솔루션에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ECM 도입을 고려하는 기업의 잠재 사용자를 위해 기업에서 ECM 솔루션 도입시 고려사항을 제시하기 위해 기업 콘텐트의 스펙트럼, ECM의 구성요소 및 핵심가치, ECM의 시장 구조, 그리고 ECM의 기대효과 및 적용사례를 조사 분석한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.3-55
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• 2000

본 연구는 세입증가율 예측을 위해 사용되는 각종 세수추계모형의 예측능력을 상호비교하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 고려하는 세수추계 방식은 네 가지이다. 첫째는 단순 ECM 모형으로서 오차수정모형(error correction model)을 각각의 세목에 적용하여 세수를 예측하는 것이다. 둘째는 SUR-ECM 모형으로서 단순 ECM 모형의 개별 회귀방정식을 통합하여 SUR(Seemingly Unrelated Regression) 방식으로 추정한 후 이를 이용하여 세수를 예측하는 것이다. 셋째와 넷째는 흔히 사용되는 탄성치 방식으로서, 과거의 연도별 탄성치를 5년간 또는 10년간 평균하여 이를 바탕으로 향후의 세수를 예측하는 것이다. 이러한 모형비교를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 단순 ECM 모형과 5년 평균 탄성치 모형은 예측력에 있어 큰 차이가 없다. 둘째, SUR-ECM 모형과 10년 평균 탄성치 모형은 예측력에 있어 큰 차이가 없다. 셋째, 단순 ECM 모형보다는 SUR-ECM 모형의 예측력이 높으며, 5년 평균 탄성치 모형보다는 10년 평균 탄성치 모형의 예측력이 높다. 넷째, 어느 경우에든 예측 오차가 상당히 크고 이러한 오차는 예측시계가 넓어질수록 커진다. 예를 들어, 5년 후의 세수에 대한 예측치는 평균적으로 오차의 절대값이 10% 수준에 이른다. 탄성치 모형이 단순 ECM 모형이나 SUR-ECM 모형에 비해 그리 나쁜 예측결과를 낳지 않는다는 것은 새로운 사실이다. 또한 5년 평균 탄성치보다 10년 평균 탄성치를 사용하는 것이 더 나은 예측치를 낳는다는 것은 세수예측에 있어 최근의 자료만을 사용하는 것보다는 과거 꽤 오랜 기간의 자료를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다는 점을 시사한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

Numerous efforts are being made to develop an ideal dermal filler that should be bio-compatibility, non-immunogenicity, long-lasting and biodegradable without a toxic secretion. Biomaterials of dermal fillers are hyaluronic acid filler, calcium filler, PMMA filler and collagen filler depending on the ingredient. Although hyaluronic acid (HA) is most widely used, it has shortages such as short shelf life and low mechanical strength compare to extracellular matrix (ECM). The cartilage ECM composed of collagen type II, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and in a minor part with glycoproteins. In this study, we developed a cartilage ECM injectable filler capable of improving biocompatibility and longevity compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. The ECM hydrogel was cross-linked by the reaction of N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for mechanical enhancement. Prepared ECM filler was compared with cross-linked HA by butanediol diglycidyle ether (BDDE), which is the most widely used natural polymers for dermal filler. In the results, the articular cartilage ECM hydrogel has great potential as a dermal filler to improve the biophysical and biological performance.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to examine the clinical effect of ECM.E, made of hyaluronic acid, on dysmenorrhea. Methods : This study involved 44 women with dysmenorrhea. During the three-month study, 3T was administered to them twice a day and they were examined on their menstrual state three times. The degree of pain was measured by VAS. Conclusions : The followings are the conclusions from the study. 1. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on making the menstrual color healthy and reducing the amount of the menstrual clots. 2. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on reducing PMS, especially the mammary pain before menstruation. 3. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on reducing dysmenorrhea, especially the pain of lower abdomen, fatigue and abnormal excrements during menstruation.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2022년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.1236-1238
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• 2022

JVET 은 최신 비디오 부호화 표준인 VVC(Versatile Video Coding) 표준화를 완료한 후, VVC 보다 더 높은 압축 성능을 가지는 새로운 표준기술 탐색을 진행하고 있으며, 이를 위하여 참조 소프트웨어 ECM(Enhanced Compression Model)을 개발하고 있다. 현재 ECM4.0 에는 다양한 후보 구성 및 예측 성능 개선 기법을 추가하여 기존 VVC 의 GPM(Geometric Partitioning Mode)을 확장한 GPM-MMVD(GPM with merge MV differences), GPM-TM(GPM with template matching) 등을 채택하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ECM 에 채택된 확장된 GPM 기술들의 각 기술 별 선택 빈도를 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 보다 효율적인 GPM 확장 모드 시그널링 방식을 제안한다. 또한 후보 탐색 알고리즘을 간소화한 복잡도 감소 기법을 제시한다. 실험결과 제안하는 시그널링 기법은 ECM4.0 대비 Y와 Cb, Cr 에서 각각 0.02%, 0.16%, 0.09% BD-rate 부호화 성능 향상을 보였고 GPM 인덱스 탐색 간소화 기법은 ECM4.0 대비 Y 와 Cr 에서 각각 0.02%, 0.18% BD-rate 부호화 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2003

With universal primer ITS1-F, the specific DHJ2 primer was developed to detect the Ectomycorrhizal(ECM) root tips in soil and to identify the species of ECM fungi, as based on DNA sequences of rDNA stored in GeneBank of NCBI. This primer was designed with the common sites of rDNA of Amanita and Boletus, and was also designed with several DNA programs provided by NCBI. The DNA fragments synthesized by PCR were calculated to be 1,000 to 1,200 bps of DNA located to 18s to 28s rDNA to contain two variable sites of ITS, indicating much diversities for specific species or ecotypes of ECM fungi. The primer DHJ2 reacted with the genomic DNA's extracted from the tissues of basidiocarp at the rate of 73 of 80 fungi collected produced single bands with a 1,100 bps length. The DNA fragment synthesized with the genomic DNA that extracted from eight ECM tips of Pinus densiflora was confirmed and analysized to the rDNAs of ECM in full sequences, and informed to be a ECM fungal species in the forest.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.491-499
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• 2020

The extracellular matrix is a critical component of every human tissue. ECM not only functions as a structural component but also regulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell migration, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. In addition, current studies suggest that ECM is critical for the pathophysiology of various human diseases. ECM is composed of diverse components including several proteins and polysaccharide chains such as chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. Each component of ECM exerts its own functions in cellular and pathophysiological processes. One of the interesting recent findings is that ECM is involved in inflammatory responses in various human tissues. In this review, we summarized the known functions of ECM in neuroinflammation after acute injury and chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nerve systems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2014

Quorum sensing and the stringent response are well-known regulation systems for the expression of virulence genes in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). However, how these two systems interact is not well known. E. coli strains with mutations in two regulation systems, ${\Delta}luxS$ (ECM101) and ${\Delta}luxS{\Delta}relA{\Delta}spoT$ (ECM201), and the ${\Delta}luxS$ complement strain to ECM201 (ECM202) were created from EHEC O157:H7 EDL933 to investigate how the regulatory systems interact. The phenotypic changes of the mutant strains were characterized and compared with the wild type. The mutant strains exhibited no obvious growth defects, although acid resistance and cellular cytotoxicity were decreased significantly in all the mutant strains. Phenotypic characterization revealed that mutations in the stringent response system (ECM201 and ECM202) influenced the metabolic (defective utilization of arabinose and L-sorbose) and enzymatic activities (decreased trypsin activity, and increased ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity). In contrast, the quorum sensing system mutant (ECM101) did not display these phenotypes. The motility of the quorum sensing system mutant (ECM101) was unchanged, but mutation in the stringent response system influenced the motility. Our results suggest that quorum sensing interacts with the stringent response regulation system.