• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

Objectives：To develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Samchulkunbi-tang (SKT). Additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity against BEAS-2B cell line and splenocytes of SKT. Methods：Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini $C_{18}$ column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230, 254 and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the three marker components of SKT. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. The cytotoxicity of SKT were measured by the CCK-8 assay method. Results：Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 6.0%. The recovery rate of each compound was in the range of 86.89-109.78%, with an RSD less than 4.0%. The contents of seven compounds in SKT were 1.39-6.84 mg/g. SKT had no cytotoxicity effect at 50-200 ${\mu}g$/mL concentrations. Conclusions：The established method will be helpful to improve quality control and in vitro efficacy study of SKT.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Objectives: We performed simultaneous determination of five constituents by HPLC in Samul-tang (SMT). Additionally, we investigated the immune-stimulatory potential of SMT on specific cellular and humoral immune responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 190-400 nm, were used for quantification of the five components of SMT. Mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/alum ($100{\mu}g/200{\mu}g$) on days 1, 8, and 15. The extract of SMT (1000 mg/kg) was given to mice orally for 21 days (from day 1 to day 21). At day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific and total antibodies were measured in plasma. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) for intra- and inter-day precision were both less than 3.5%. The recovery was in the range of 95.69-115.12%, with an RSD less than 6.0%. The contents of five components in SMT were 1.08-15.30 mg/g. SMT significantly enhanced Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice (p<0.01). Also, SMT significantly enhanced OVAspecific IgG, IgG1 and total IgM levels in plasma compared with the OVA-immunized group. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of major components and immunestimulating activity in OVA-immunized mouse model of SMT.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate the immune-stimulatory potential of extracts of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold (BK) on specific cellular and humoral immune responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Material and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/alum ($100{\mu}g/200{\mu}g$) on days 1, 8, and 15. BK (100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg) was given to mice orally for 21 days (from day 1 to day 21). At day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific and total antibodies were measured in plasma. Further, the effects of BK on expression of cytokine mRNA in OVA-immunized mice splenocytes were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. Results: BK significantly enhanced OVA-, LPS-, and Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice (p<0.01). BK also significantly enhanced total IgM and OVA-specific IgG1 levels in plasma compared with the OVA control group. Moreover, BK up-regulated significantly the expression of mRNA level of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in splenocytes. Conclusions: BK has immune-stimulating activity in an OVA-immunized mouse model system, enhancing the Th1 immune response. BK showed no cytotoxicity in this system, suggesting that BK may be a safe and effective adjuvant in humans.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.426-429
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) in Sprague-Dawley rat though the current regulatory guideline. The preliminary study showed that the single oral administration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not induce any toxic effect at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Based on the results, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the limited dose. In this study, 10 rats of each sex were randomly assigned to two groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg. After single administration, Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings were observed for the 15-day period. Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In conclusion, the $LD_{50}$ of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Objective : Astragali Radix (AR) and Cinnamomi Cortex (CC) are used to enhance immune response in Asian traditional medicine. Immuno-potentiation of the combination of AR and CC were evaluated on the cellular and humoral immune response using murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and OVA-immunized mice. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the immuno-potentiative effects of AR, CC, and AR with CC on nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and proliferation and production levels of Intereukin-2 (IL-2) in mouse splenocytes. In addition, we evaluated the plasma-specific antibody responses and splenocyte proliferation on ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice treated with herbal extracts. Results : Combination treatment with AR and CC increased nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells and IL-2 level in splenocytes (p<0.001). Combination of AR and CC significantly enhanced the Concanavalin A- (Con A ; T cell mitogen) and lipopolysaccharide-(LPS ; B cell mitogen) induced splenocyte proliferation on the OVA-immunized mice. Combination of AR and CC also significantly enhanced plasma levels of OVA-specific IgG (p<0.01), IgG1 (p<0.05) and total IgM (p<0.01) compared with the OVA-immunized control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that combination of AR and CC could be used as therapeutic profile on activation of immune response.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.641-648
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• 2022

This paper is a study to find out the factors affecting the defects that occur during the use of Electron Beam Melting (EBM), one of the 3D printer output methods, through data analysis. By referring to factors identified as major causes of defects in previous studies, log files occurring between processes were analyzed and related variables were extracted. In addition, focusing on the fact that the data is time series data, the concept of a window was introduced to compose variables including data from all three layers. The dependent variable is a binary classification problem with the presence or absence of defects, and due to the problem that the proportion of defect layers is low (about 4%), balanced training data were created through the SMOTE technique. For the analysis, I use XGBoost using Gridsearch CV, and evaluate the classification performance based on the confusion matrix. I conclude results of the stuy by analyzing the importance of variables through SHAP values.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.105-110
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• 2005

Evaluation of elliptic blending turbulence model (EBM) together with the two-layer model, shear stress transport (SST) model and elliptic relaxation model (V2-F) is performed for a better prediction of thermal stratification in an upper plenum of a liquid metal reactor by applying them to the experiment conducted at JNC. The algebraic flux model is used for treating the turbulent heat flux. There exist much differences between turbulence models in predicting the temporal variation of temperature. The V2-F model and the EBM better predict the steep gradient of temperature at the interface of thermal stratification, and the V2-F model and EBM predict properly the oscillation of temperature. The two-layer model and SST model fail to predict the temporal oscillation of temperature.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2010

The simple and accurate method was established for the simultaneous determination of (-)-menthone and (-)-menthol in Menthae herba obtained from Korea and China. A quantitative analysis was performed with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and reference compounds were separated on a capillary HP-Innowax column (30 m $\times$ 0.23 mm, 0.50 ${\mu}m$, Agilent, MA, USA). The correlation coefficients of the compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.9997) over the linear range. The precision, repeatability and stability showed less than 1.7% of relative standard deviation (RSD) values for two compounds. Recovery rates were within the range of 95.72 - 103.76%. The method was applied successfully to analyze 15 samples of Menthae herba and achieved sufficient and specific separation of reference compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited the classification of 15 samples according to their locations of origin.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

Evidence-based medicine(EBM) or evidence-based health care has been used in clinical medicine. Recently, it also has been applied to areas of social medicine such as independent medical examination. Insurance medicine is one of social medicine, as for it's role is maintenance of sound insurance system or for insured of life insurance. Practical application of EBM to the insurance medicine are; confirming question, finding evidence, and evaluation that selected evidence is best or not in terms of practical aspect.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between obese degree, result of hair tissue mineral analysis and bony maturation. And we also wanted to compare the differences between early bony maturation group(EBM) and late bony maturation group(LBM). Methods : 146 subjects who visited growth clinic were measured by BMI, PBF(percent body fat), percent BMI, bone age esimation and HTMA(hair tissue mineral analysis). The patients were classified into two groups - EBM, LBM group - according to the gap of bone age and chronological age. It was analysed that the correlation of bony maturation and obese degree, nutritional elements, heavy metals, significant ratio of nutritional elements. Also, analysed the differences between groups. Results : 1. BMI, percent BMI had a correlation with bony maturation, PBF however didn't have a correlation with it. 2. Ca, Mg, Zn and P had a positive correlation with bony maturation, and also K, Cr and Mo had a negative correlation. 3. U, As and Cd had a negative correlation with bony maturation. 4. Ca/P, Na/K, Ca/K and Zn/Cu had a positive correlation with bony maturation, and also Na/Mg, Ca/Mg had a negative correlation. 5. Percent BMI, Ca, Mg, Mn and Ca/p were higher in EBM group. 6. K, Mo and Hg were lower in EBM group. Conclusion : According to this study it could be suggested that maintaining proper percent BMI and accumulation of nutritional elements, heavy metals to prevent early bony maturation.