• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of emotional arousal and cognitive load on pupil diameter during a lie detection interview. The guilty group (n = 30) committed a mock crime (i.e., stealing cash) and the innocent group (n = 30) performed a mission (i.e., sending a message) in the research assistant's office. After that, their pupil size was measured using a wearable eye-tracker during the interview. The interview questions were classified with the three cognitive load, three emotional arousal, and three neutral questions. The results indicate that the main effects of group and time were not significant, but the interaction between group and time was significant. It means that when answering cognitive load questions, the guilty group showed larger increase in pupil diameter than the innocent group. The present study suggests that inducing cognitive load is more effective than inducing emotional arousal during an interview when using pupil diameter as an index of deception, and it is expected to improve the accuracy of lie detection.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been a useful tool as a controlled drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Recently, porous microspheres have gained great attention as inhalation drug delivery system due to their low aerodynamic densities. Here, we report highly porous PLGA microspheres, which were prepared by using a single o/w emulsification/solvent evaporation method. Two types of porogen, i.e., (i) extractable Pluronic F127 and (ii) gas foaming salt of ammonium bicarbonate, were used to induce pores on the surface of PLGA microspheres. The respective preparation conditions on dp/cp ratio and porogen concentration were determined by the previous preliminary experiments, and other preparation factors were further optimized on the basis of PLGA Mw and porogen type. The morphological features examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) show these porous microspheres have highly porous surface structure with a diameter range of 20${\sim}$30 ${\mu}$m. These highly porous PLGA microspheres, which have much lower density, would be a practical aerosol system for pulmonary drug delivery.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 2012

Reinforced concrete structures in cold coastal regions are subjected to coupled effects of service load, freeze-thaw cycles and seawater corrosion. This would significantly degrade the performance and therefore shorten the service life of these structures. In the current paper, the mechanical properties of concrete material and the structural behaviour of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns under multiple actions of seawater corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles and persistent load have been studied experimentally. Results show that when exposed to alternating actions of seawater corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength of concrete decreases with the increased number of freeze-thaw cycles. For reinforced concrete column, if it is only subjected to seawater corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles, the load resistance capacity is found to be reduced by 11.5%. If a more practical service condition of reinforced concrete structures in cold coastal regions is simulated, i.e., the environmental factors are coupled with persistent loading, a rapid drop of 15% - 26.9% in the ultimate capacity of the eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete column is identified. Moreover, it is observed that the increase of eccentric load serves to accelerate the deterioration of column structural behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with smartphone overdependency in preschool children based on an analysis of mother, child, and their mutual dyadic relationships. Methods: Data were collected from 171 mothers of preschool children enrolled at daycare centers and kindergartens from January to March 2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS version 24. Results: The self regulation of preschool children (${\beta}=-.358$, p<.001) was the factor most closely associated with smartphone overdependency. The second most closely associated factor was children's use of a smartphone 0.5-1 hour daily (${\beta}=-.249$, p=.005). Additional associated factors were mothers' use of a smartphone for 3-4 hours daily (${\beta}=.217$, p=.002), children's use of a smartphone for less than 0.5 hour daily (${\beta}=-.212$, p=.006), and children's use of a smartphone for 1-2 days per week (${\beta}=-.205$, p=.026). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to try to develop guidelines and programs to prevent smart phone overdependency in preschool children.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.274-274
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• 1998

Aclarubicin(ACL)-entrapped freeze dried liposomes were prepared using Microfludizer to attain a sustained release at targeted organs in a prolonged time so that it can reduce th e side effect and maximize the therapeutic effect. The freeze-dried liposomes were evaluated for pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180, cytotoxicity against L1210 and A549 tumor cells, spleen toxicity and myelosuppressive action. The AUC0->8hr values were 122+/-42, 382+/-140, 419+/-171, 835+/-206 and 443+/-309mcg min/ml for free ACL. ACL-liposome formulation I, II, III and IV, respectively. Cytotoidcity of ACL-entrapped liposomes against L1210 and A549 tumor cells was 2-4 times higher than that of free aclarubicin. ACL-liposome formulation I(PC/CHOL/TA) showed the most potent antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 in mice. The loss of body weight was much smaller with ACL-entrapped liposomes than free ACL after I.p. injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Compared to free ACL, ACL-entrapped liposomes expressed a lower and delayed spleen toxicity up to 5th day after I.v. administration. Myelosupperssion seemed to be lower with ACL-entrapped liposome of PC/PC-hydrate/CHOL/TA (formulation III) than free aclarubicin.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

This paper reports an improved protocol for isolation, culture and regeneration of Lotus corniculatus protoplasts. A range of parameters which influence the isolation of L. corniculatus protoplasts were investigated, i.e., enzyme combination, tissue type, incubation period and osmolarity level. Of three enzyme combinations tested, the highest yield of viable protoplasts was achieved with the combination of 2% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 1% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Driselase and 0.2% Pectolyase. The use of etiolated cotyledon tissue as a source for protoplast isolation proved vital in obtaining substantially higher protoplast yields than previously reported. Culture of the protoplasts on a nitrocellulose membrane with a Lolium perenne feeder-layer on the sequential series of PEL medium was highly successful in the formation of microcolonies with plating efficiencies 3-10 times greater than previous studies. Shoot regeneration and intact plants were achieved from 46% of protoplast-derived cell colonies.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.171-174
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• 2009

The black soldier fly larvae are able to decompose various organic wastes such as livestock manures and food wastes. We tested whether the quality of the insect derived compost, i.e. larval feces, was comparable to that of a commercial fertilizer. The results show that the chemical composition and the growth rate of cabbages grown on the insect derived compost are virtually identical to those on the commercial fertilizer. Therefore the insect derived compost will be an ideal substitute to commercial fertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 1985

In order to investigate the origin of the ribityl froup of riboflavin and the involvement of GTP cyclohydrolase II in the riboflavin pathway, we studied the incorporation of $^{14}C-labeled$ guanosine using a well known riboflavin over producer, Ashbya gossypii.Cells were grown in a media containing $(U- ^{14}C)$ guanosine and the riboflavin and GMP were isolated and purifired by column chromatography. The isolated compounds, riboflavin and GMP were labeled in the ribityl and ribosyl side chain and the isoalloxazine and guannine moiety. By comparing the specific radioactivity of each compound we reached a conclusion that the ribose of guanosine is converted directly to the rivityl moiety of riboflavin. The results indicate that biosynthesis of the vitamin begins at the level of a guanosine compound and also suppory the involvement of GTP cyclohydrolase II in one of the early steps in the biosynthetic pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 1991

This paper presents an algorithm for compressing image data by separating the image into two parts. I.e. edge image containing high-frequency components and non-edge image containing low-frequency components of image. The edge image is extracted by using 8 level compass gradient masks and the non-edge image is obtained by removing the edge image from the original image. The edge image is coded by Huffman run-length code and the non edge image is transformed first by DCT and the transformed images is coded next by a quantized bit allocation table. For an example image. GIRL. the proposed algorithm shows bit rate of 0.52 bpp with PSNR of 36dB.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

인터넷 인구 증가와 정보자원 고도화에 따라 인터넷 사용자들은 새로운 형태의 커뮤니케이션을 스스로 발전시켜왔고 이러한 흐름이 최근 UCC의 폭발적인 증가로 이어졌다. 하지만 아직까지 사용자들이 UCC를 공유하는 동기에 대한 명확한 설명은 부재한 상황이다. UCC는 기존에 지속적으로 연구되어 왔던 온라인 커뮤니케이션 형태인 가상공동체나 온라인 구전의 참여 동기를 상당부분 계승하고 있으나 최근의 인터넷 문화와 기술 수준 변화에 부합하는 새로운 참여동기를 포함하고 있는 것으로 보여진다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 UCC 제작 동기를 파악하기 위해 UCC 제작 경험이 있는 300명의 샘플을 대상으로 설문을 수행했고, 이를 통해 UCC 제작 동기가 Self-Creation Motive, Community Commitment Motive, Self-Expression Motive, Community-Relatedness Motive, Reward Motive로 요인화될 수 있음을 밝혀냈다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 UCC를 비즈니스 모델로 하는 온라인 기업들은 보유 고객의 UCC 공유 동기 성향을 파악할 수 있고, 이를 통해 고품질의 UCC를 확보하기 위한 차별화된 전략을 제시할 수 있게 될 것이다.