• Title/Summary/Keyword: E.800

Search Result 620, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Modelling Pasture-based Automatic Milking System Herds: System Fitness of Grazeable Home-grown Forages, Land Areas and Walking Distances

  • Islam, M.R.;Garcia, S.C.;Clark, C.E.F.;Kerrisk, K.L.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.28 no.6
    • /
    • pp.903-910
    • /
    • 2015
  • To maintain a predominantly pasture-based system, the large herd milked by automatic milking rotary would be required to walk significant distances. Walking distances of greater than 1-km are associated with an increased incidence of undesirably long milking intervals and reduced milk yield. Complementary forages can be incorporated into pasture-based systems to lift total home grown feed in a given area, thus potentially 'concentrating' feed closer to the dairy. The aim of this modelling study was to investigate the total land area required and associated walking distance for large automatic milking system (AMS) herds when incorporating complementary forage rotations (CFR) into the system. Thirty-six scenarios consisting of 3 AMS herds (400, 600, 800 cows), 2 levels of pasture utilisation (current AMS utilisation of 15.0 t dry matter [DM]/ha, termed as moderate; optimum pasture utilisation of 19.7 t DM/ha, termed as high) and 6 rates of replacement of each of these pastures by grazeable CFR (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) were investigated. Results showed that AMS cows were required to walk greater than 1-km when the farm area was greater than 86 ha. Insufficient pasture could be produced within a 1 km distance (i.e. 86 ha land) with home-grown feed (HGF) providing 43%, 29%, and 22% of the metabolisable energy (ME) required by 400, 600, and 800 cows, respectively from pastures. Introduction of pasture (moderate): CFR in AMS at a ratio of 80:20 can feed a 400 cow AMS herd, and can supply 42% and 31% of the ME requirements for 600 and 800 cows, respectively with pasture (moderate): CFR at 50:50 levels. In contrast to moderate pasture, 400 cows can be managed on high pasture utilisation (provided 57% of the total ME requirements). However, similar to the scenarios conducted with moderate pasture, there was insufficient feed produced within 1-km distance of the dairy for 600 or 800 cows. An 800 cow herd required 140 and 130 ha on moderate and high pasture-based AMS system, respectively with the introduction of pasture: CFR at a ratio of 50:50. Given the impact of increasing land area past 86 ha on walking distance, cow numbers could be increased by purchasing feed from off the milking platform and/or using the land outside 1-km distance for conserved feed. However, this warrants further investigations into risk analyses of different management options including development of an innovative system to manage large herds in an AMS farming system.

Experimental Studies on the Anti-diarrhea Effects of Jisa-tang (지사탕(止瀉湯)의 항사하작용(抗瀉下作用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ryu, Ihn-Soo;Ryu, Bong-Ha;Kim, Jin-Sung
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.348-358
    • /
    • 2008
  • Objective : The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the anti-diarrhea effects of Jisa-tang using mice and guinea pigs. Methods : We feed Jisa-tang to mice and guinea pigs to investigate its effects for anti-diarrhea action. We observed its actions on gastrointestinal smooth muscles, on the transportability of small and large intestines, on diarrhea induced by castor oil and magnesium sulfate, and on enteropooling by castor oil and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$. Results : 1. Jisa-tang showed alleviation, depending on the density, only on the contraction of mice's gastrointestinal smooth muscles induced by histamine. 2. The transportability of the small intestine was not significantly constrained by Jisa-tang. However, the enhancement of pyridostigmine-induced transportability of he small intestine was significantly constrained in the group administered 900mg/kg of Jisa-tang (p<0.05). 3. The transportability of large intestine was significantly constrained in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. 4. Jisa-tang showed significant anti-diarrhea effects on diarrhea induced by castor oil and by $MgSO_4$ in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. 5. Significant reduction of effects of enteropooling induced by caster oil and by prostaglandin $E_2$ were observed only in the group administered 1,800mg/kg of Jisa-tang. Conclusions : We conclude that Jisa-tang has advantageous effects on drug-induced diarrhea and will contribute to the development of diarrhea treatment through further related studies.

  • PDF

Ordination Analysis on the Forest Communities of Mt. Changan , Chonbuk (序列法에 依한 全北 長安山 森林群落 分析)

  • Kim, Chang-Hwan;Kil, Bong-Seop
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.14 no.3
    • /
    • pp.231-241
    • /
    • 1991
  • The analyses of correlation, enviromental gradient, continuum and polar ordination methods were used for studing on relationships between forest vegetation and their habitats in Mt. changan, chagsu-gun, korea. influencing correlation of moisture index to the main 41species from the study area they were composed of several groups by leading species of quercus mongoulica, that of carpinus tschonoskii and that of fraxinus mandshurica. On the other hand, it was found three communities in different habitats by environmental gradient i.e. each community of f. mandshurica, mangnolia sieboldii and hydrangea serrata for. acuminata have occurred in moist place, that of c. teschonoskii and q. serrata, in mesic and that of q. mongolica, q.variabilis, rhododendron schlippenbachii, in dry. in addition an occupied distribution area was investigated according to continuum index e.g. cornus controversa,betula costata,q. variabilis, q. serrata and q. mongolica over altitudinal 800m were distributed to a habitat were forming climax by q. mongolica, and/or c. controversa, f. mandshurica, q. serrata and c. tschonoskii under altitudinal 800m were done, by g. tschonoskii. while the forest vegetation of the area was classified into 6 communities such as q. mongolica community, q. variabilis community,q. serrata community, g. tschonoskii community,c. controversa community and f. mandshurica community by means of polar ordination analysis and these have come under the influence of environmental factors.

  • PDF

A Study on Sterilization Characteristics of Elliptical Reactor by Using Xenon Flashlamp and Photocatalyst (Xenon flashlamp와 광촉매를 이용한 타원형 반응기의 살균 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-Gil;Hong, Ji-Tae;Choi, Kyoung-Hwa;Cha, Jae-Ho;Kim, Hong-Ju;Kim, Hee-Je
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
    • /
    • v.58 no.3
    • /
    • pp.559-565
    • /
    • 2009
  • In this paper, we invented a new and unique technique for the sterilization of Escherichia coli(E. coli) in polluted water. We applied a rich ultra-violet(UV) light from pulsed xenon flashlamp and photocatalyst(TiO2) to sterilize E. coli in polluted water. This method based on the use of UV light and photocatalyst is eco-friendly and does not cause secondary pollution. The proposed elliptical reactor is able to concentrate on quartz sleeve coated TiO2 or general quartz sleeve. The primary objective of our research was to determine the important parameters such as pulse repetition rate and input voltage and to know on the sterilizing efficiency of quartz sleeve coated TiO2 and general quartz sleeve. We obtained to achieve 99.999% sterilization in as little as 6 pulses at 800V in case of quartz sleeve coated Ti02, and 10 pulses at 800V in case of general quartz sleeve for 5 minutes. Although transmitted light of quartz sleeve coated TiO2 is deceased, the sterilizing efficiency is increased by 40% than general quartz sleeve. The reason of high sterilizing efficiency is that generated hydroxyl radical(OH) by photocatalyst and is able to concentrate light at a focus by using elliptical reactor.

Dielectric properties of A-site defect perovskite La1/3NbO3 single crystal (A-자리 결함 perovskite La1/3NbO3 단결정의 유전특성)

  • Sohn, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
    • /
    • v.20 no.6
    • /
    • pp.249-253
    • /
    • 2010
  • After the specimen of A-site defect perovskite $La_{1/3}NbO_3$ single crystal was manufactured, the dielectric properties were studied between the temperature range of 10 and 800 K. The dielectric anomaly appeared at 50 K and 650 K, and, at about 650 K, the thermal hysteresis of dielectric constant was shown. The ac-conductivity of bulk showed the lowest activation energy of 0.43 eV at 560~690 K. Based on the results, it is assumed that the dielectric anomaly at 50K and 650 K was due to the antiparallel shift of $Nb^{5+}$-ion and the rearrangement of $Nb^{3+}$-ion, respectively.

Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on Laevator Ani Muscle in Both Uncastrated and Testosterone-Stimulated Castrated Intact Male Rats

  • Ang, Hooi-Hoon;Cheong, Hung-Seong
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • v.24 no.5
    • /
    • pp.437-440
    • /
    • 2001
  • It has been reported that Eurycoma longifolia Jack commonly known as Tongkat Ali has gained notoreity as a symbol of man's ego and strength by the Malaysian men because it increases male virility and sexual prowess during sexual activities. As such, the effects of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack were studied on the laevator am muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats after dosing them for 12 consecutive weeks. Results showed that 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack significantly increased (p<0.05) the leavator am muscle to 58.56$\pm$1.22, 58.23 $\pm$0.31, 60.21 $\pm$0.86 and 62.35 $\pm$0.98 mg/100 g body weight, respectively, when compared with the control (untreated) in the uncastrated intact male rats and 49.23 $\pm$0.82, 52.23 $\pm$ 0.36, 50.21 $\pm$ 0.66 and 52.35 $\pm$ 0.58 mg/100 g body weight, respectivety, when compared to control (untreated) in the testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats. Hence the proandrogenic effect as shown by this study further supported the traditional use of this plant as an aphrodisiac.

  • PDF

Vibration-Vibration Energy Transfer between $H^{79}Br\;and\;H^{81}Br$ ($H^{79}Br$$H^{81}Br$간의 진동 ${\to}$ 진동에너지 이동)

  • Chang Soon Lee;Yoo Hang Kim;Hyung Kyu Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.28 no.6
    • /
    • pp.361-365
    • /
    • 1984
  • The long-lived collision model has been applied to the resonant vibration-vibration energy exchange process $H^{79}$Br(v = 1) + $H^{81}Br$(v = 0) ${\to}$ $H^{79}Br$(v = 0) + $H^{81}Br$(v = 1) + ${\Delta}E\;=\;0.38 cm^{-1}$ The energy exchange probabilities have been calculated over the temperature range from 200 to 800K. They show negative temperature dependence (P ${\propto}\;T^{-1.8}$) and agree with the available experimental data better than those calculated from other theories.

  • PDF

The Oxidation of Specpure Nickel (Specpure Nikel의 Oxidation)

  • Choi, Jae-Shi;Sin, Soo-Hee;Lee, Kyu-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.10 no.4
    • /
    • pp.153-157
    • /
    • 1966
  • The measurement of Oxidation of nickel has been investigated using vacuum quartz microbalance in the temperature range of $500^{\circ}{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ at various oxygen pressure. The rate constants of nickel-oxidation were evaluated according to the parabolic rate law. From the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy in the range of experimental temperatures were found that $E_{act}$= 35.4 Kcal/mole. It was also found that the parabolic rate constants varied approximately as the one fifth power of the oxygen pressure for nickel-oxidation. The mechanism for the oxidation of this metal were seemed to be via cation vacancy produced by excess of oxygen dissolved in the oxide film.

  • PDF

The Structural and electrical Properties of $BaTiO_3$ Thin Films Deposited on Si/MgO Substrates (Si/MgO 기판에 증착된 BaTiO$_3$ 박막의 구조 및 전기적 특성)

  • 홍경진;김태성
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
    • /
    • v.11 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1108-1114
    • /
    • 1998
  • $BaTiO_3$ thin films preferred c-axis orientation for the potential application of ferroelectric memory devices were deposited on silicon substrates(100) by RF sputtering and annealed at 800 and 900[$^{\circ}C$] in air. The BT(100)/BT(110) peak ratio of the sputtered sample was decreased with post-annealing in air. According to increasing with annealing temperature and time, the peak ratio of BT(100)/BT(110) was decreased and the surface density of thin film was high. Dielectric characteristics of $BaTiO_3$ thin film was measured as a function of annealing temperature and frequency. The dielectric constants were increased with annealing and decreased with frequency by space charge polarization and dipole polarization below 600[kHz]. The remanent polarization and coercive field in P-E hysteresis loop of $BaTiO_3$thin film were increased with the annealing temperature in air. The remanent polarization and coercive filed annealed at 800[$^{\circ}C$] for 1hr were 1.2[$\mu$C/$cm^2$] and 200[kV/cm]

  • PDF

Development of 800kW class Direct Drive Synchronous Generator for WECS (풍력발전기용 800kW급 직접구동형 발전기 개발)

  • Lee H. G.;Kim D. E.;Suh H. S.;Han H. S.;Jung Y. G.;Lee W. W.;Park K. H.;Chung C. W.;Lim M. S.;Oh M. S.
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2005.06a
    • /
    • pp.76-79
    • /
    • 2005
  • 포항풍력에너지연구소와 (주)보국전기는 에너지 관리공단의 지원으로 2002년부터 직접구동형 풍력터빈( KBP-750D) 에 사용될 발전기 개발을 시작하여 2005년 3월 개발을 완료하였다. KBP-750D에 사용되는 발전기는 증속을 위한 gearbox를 사용하지 않는 직접 구동형이고, 영구자석을 사용하여 여자하는 형식이다. 이런 특징은 풍력발전에서 요구하는 주요 요구조건인 고 효율, 고 신뢰성을 만족시키기 위해서 매우 중요하다. 개발된 발전기는 25 rpm 에서 800 kW의 정격을 가지도록 설계되었다. 공극 직경은 3,320mm 이며, stator의 길이는 705mm, 공극은 4.5mm 이고, 극수는 84이다. 또한 전체 중량은 약 22 ton이다. 이 논문에서는 발전기의 물리설계, 공학설계, 제작 및 시험결과에 관해서 기술한다.

  • PDF