• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.5 s.88
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• pp.479-487
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• 2001

The perception of facial esthetics is critically important to orthodontists. A viewpoint to facial esthetics is influenced by various factors and dependent on the perception of observer. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences regarding esthetic viewpoints among orthodontists, to identify attractive profiles preferred to orthodontists and to present the characteristic aspects of attractive profiles upon the degree of facial convexity. 35 persons whose faces were judged as attractive one by S orthodontists were selected out of 133 young Korean women. Soft tissue profiles Identified as a good-profile group were measured and analyzed. And then according to the facial convexity, good-profile group was subdivided to convex (G-Sn-Pg$9^{\circ}$) and straight (G-Sn-Pg<$9^{\circ}$) groups for the purpose of this study. There were statistically no significant differences regarding esthetic viewpoints among S orthodontists(p<0.05), even if there exists prevailing concept that the standard for facial esthetics is substantially subjective. N-Pg-Sn and N-Pg-Pn, measured for determining anteroposterior relationship of midfacial convexity, showed significant differences statistically between 2 subgroups (P

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.570-576
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• 2011

The effect of nuruks and crude amylolytic enzyme on free amino acid and volatile components of brown rice vinegar prepared by static cultures was investigated. Five groups consisted of AV (100% nuruk without crude amylolytic enzyme), BV (75% nuruk; 25% crude amylolytic enzyme), CV (50% nuruk; 50% crude amylolytic enzyme), DV (25% nuruk; 75% crude amylolytic enzyme) and EV (100% crude amylolytic enzyme without nuruk). Free amino acid content in AV vinegar (132.06 mg%) was lower than the others (184.56-191.22 mg%). Acetic acid, 3-methyl butyl acetate, acetoin and isoamyl alcohol were major volatile components as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after headspace solid-phase microextraction. Acetic acid in AV and EV samples represented 67.56% and 55.53% of total GC peak area, respectively. E-nose provided different patterns in each case showing variation in sensory properties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an inherited disease entity associated with lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. MPS type 2, also known as Hunter syndrome, has a characteristic morphology primarily involving x-l inked recessive defects and iduronate-2-sulfatase gene mutation. The purpose of this case report is to provide important clues to help pediatricians identify Hunter syndrome patients earlier (i.e., before the disease progresses). A 30-month-old boy showed developmental delay and decreased speech ability. Physical examinations revealed a flat nose and extensive Mongolian spots. Brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showed bilateral multiple patchy T2 hyperintense lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter, several cyst-like lesions in the body of the corpus callosum, and diffuse brain atrophy, which were in keeping with the diagnosis. Based on these findings, the patient was suspected of having MPS. In the laboratory findings, although the genetic analysis of IDS (Iduronate-2-sulfatase) did not show any pathogenic variant, the enzymatic activity of IDS was not detected. We could confirm the diagnosis of MPS, because other sulfatases, such as ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase, were detected in the normal range. Early enzymatic replacement therapy is essential and has a relatively good prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis should be made before organ damage becomes irreversible, and brain MRIs can provide additional diagnostic clues to help distinguish the disorder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2023

Recently, the impact of fine dust on health has become a major topic. Fine dust is dangerous because it can penetrate the body and affect the respiratory system, without being filtered out by the mucous membrane in the nose. Since fine dust is directly related to the industry, it is practically impossible to completely remove it. Therefore, if the concentration of fine dust can be predicted in advance, pre-emptive measures can be taken to minimize its impact on the human body. Fine dust can travel over 600km in a day, so it not only affects neighboring areas, but also distant regions. In this paper, wind direction and speed data and a time series prediction model were used to predict the concentration of fine dust in Seoul, and the correlation between the concentration of fine dust in Seoul and the concentration in each region was confirmed. In addition, predictions were made using the concentration of fine dust in each region and in Seoul. The lowest MAE (mean absolute error) in the prediction results was 12.13, which was about 15.17% better than the MAE of 14.3 presented in previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Weissella koreensis (Wk), a prominent kimchi lactic acid bacteria supplementation on growth performance, nutrients utilization, gut microbiota and meat characteristics in broiler chicken. Both live and killed Wk was compared to know which could be more efficacious as a feed probiotics. Three Wk supplemented groups and no Wk supplemented group were designated according to supplementation levels and cell status. Those were; Control (no Wk), 0.1 % live Wk (LWk 0.1), 0.5% live Wk (LWk 0.5) and 0.5% killed Wk (KWk 0.5). Body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were improved (P<0.05) by dietary LWk supplementation. KWk did not exert any benefit on growth performance. Crude protein utilizability of KWk supplemented diet was lower (P<0.05) than that of other diets. However, there were no differences among treatments in other nutrients utilization. Serum IgG concentration and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was highest (P<0.05) in broiler chicken fed KWk 0.5 diet. Cecal anaerobic lactic acid bacteria count of LWk groups were higher (P<0.05) than those of control and KWk 0.5 groups. Dietary Wk supplementation failed to lower the count of cecal and fecal E. coli. There was no effect of dietary Wk on TBARS values and fatty acids profile of broiler leg meat. However, the dietary supplementation of Wk exerted characteristic difference on electronic nose flavor of broiler meat. This study showed that dietary supplementation of LWk was able to improve body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and cecal lactic acid bacterial count in broiler chicken. Further, the result of this study implemented that a live kimchi lactic acid bacteria, LWk, but not killed Wk, could be used as a probiotic feed supplement for broiler.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2009

Hwabuk Dam has been under construction to reduce flood damage in Nakdong River watershed and to supply stable water for middle area of Gyeongbuk Province. Therefore, fish investigation in up and downstream of the dam was conducted from 2004 to 2008 in order to determine any negative effect on fish community due to dam construction and to use as fundamental data for conserving species diversity and maintaining stream health. According to data analysis on water quality, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended solids, and total E-coli had seasonal variation, but they did not significantly differ in sites. However, biological and chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll-a, nitrogen, and phosphorus representing organic matter and nutrient concentration were higher in upper site and decreased to lower site so that they differed by site. Concentration of arsenic among the heavy metals was less than 0.05 mg $L^{-1}$, which is regulated for protection of human health in water quality standard, except for 0.092 mg $L^{-1}$ in June 2005. During the study period, the total number of fish caught from the 6 sites was 10,263 representing 7 families 19 species. Among them, dominant and subdominant species were Korean chub (Zacco koreanus, 62.5%) and Chinese minnow (Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, 10.6%) which inhabit mostly in mid and upper streams, Korea. Among the 19 species, Korean endemic species were 9 species (47.4%) including Korean slender gudgeon (Squalidus gracilis majimae), Korean dark sleeper (Odontobutis platycephala), and Korean shiner (Coreoleuciscus splendidus). There was several individuals of the $1^{st}$-class endangered species, Naktong nose loach (Koreocobitis nahtongensis), caught in 2005${\sim}$2007, and no introduced species of fish was found in entire sampling period. According to result of community analysis, dominance index decreased toward lower site, but diversity and richness indices increased toward lower site. The equation of length-weight relationship on the dominant species was TW=0.000003$(TL)^{3.2603}$. The parameter b in the equation was greater than 3.0 indicating good nutritional condition in the populations. Compared to populations of Korean chub in other streams, the population in Hwabuk Dam watershed had higher mean of condition factor by size indicating better growth rate. With fish fauna and multi-metric health assessment model in each sampling attempt, index of biotic integrity (IBI) was evaluated and it resulted mostly in good (26${\sim}$35) and excellent (36${\sim}$40) condition in all sites, and the mean of IBI was the highest in site 5. The results indicate that it is very important to study not only environmental impact assessment with fish composition but also stream health assessment in order to conserve healthy aquatic ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1972.03a
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• pp.6-7
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• 1972

The air pollutants can be classified into the irritant gas and the asphixation gas, and the irritant gas is closely related to the otorhinolaryngological diseases. The common irritant gases are nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, hydrogen carbon compounds, and the potent and irritating PAN (peroxy acyl nitrate) which is secondarily liberated from photosynthesis. Those gases adhers to the mucous membrane to result in ulceration and secondary infection due to their potent oxidizing power. 1. Sulfur dioxide gas Sulfur dioxide gas has the typical characteristics of the air pollutants. Because of its high solubility it gets easily absorbed in the respiratory tract, when the symptoms and signs by irritation become manifested initially and later the resistance in the respiratory tract brings central about pulmonary edema and respiratory paralysis of origin. Chronic exposure to the gas leads to rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and olfactory or gustatory disturbances. 2. Carbon monoxide Toxicity of carbon monoxide is due to its deprivation of the oxygen carrying capacity of the hemoglobin. The degree of the carbon monoxide intoxication varies according to its concentration and the duration of inhalation. It starts with headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting and tinnitus, which can progress to respiratory difficulty, muscular laxity, syncope, and coma leading to death. 3. Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen dioxide causes respiratory disturbances by formation of methemoglobin. In acute poisoning, it can cause pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and pneumonia due to its strong irritation on the eyes and the nose. In chronic poisoning, it causes chronic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary edema. 4. Ozone It has offending irritating odor, and causes dryness of na sopharyngolaryngeal mucosa, headache and depressed pulmonary function which may eventually lead to pulmonary congestion or edema. 5. Smog The most outstanding incident of the smog occurred in London from December 5 through 8, 1952, because of which the mortality of the respiratory diseases increased fourfold. The smog was thought to be due to the smoke produced by incomplete combustion and its byproduct the sulfur oxides, and the dust was thought to play the secondary role. In new sense, hazardous is the photochemical smog which is produced by combination of light energy and the hydrocarbons and oxidant in the air. The Yonsei University Institute for Environmental :pollution Research launched a project to determine the relationship between the pollution and the medical, ophthalmological and rhinopharyngological disorders. The students (469) of the "S" Technical School in the most heavily polluted area in Pusan (Uham Dong district) were compared with those (345) of "K" High School in the less polluted area. The investigated group had those with subjective symptoms twice as much as the control group, 22.6% (106) in investigated group and 11.3% (39) in the control group. Among those symptomatic students of the investigated group. There were 29 with respiratory symptoms (29%), 22 with eye symptoms (21%), 50 with stuffy nose and rhinorrhea (47%), and 5 with sore thorat (5%), which revealed that more than half the students (52%) had subjective symptoms of the rhinopharyngological aspects. Physical examination revealed that the investigated group had more number of students with signs than those of the control group by 10%, 180 (38.4%) versus 99 (28.8%). Among the preceding 180 students of the investigated group, there were 8 with eye diseases (44%), 1 with respiratory disease (0.6%), 97 with rhinitis (54%), and 74 with pharyngotonsillitis (41%) which means that 95% of them had rharygoical diseases. The preceding data revealed that the otolaryngological diseases are conspicuously outnumbered in the heavily polluted area, and that there must be very close relationship between the air pollution and the otolaryngological diseases, and the anti-pollution measure is urgently needed.