• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2022

As commensal colonizers in livestock, there has been little attention on staphylococci, especially non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), contaminating meat production chain. To assess prevalence of staphylococci in retail pork and slaughterhouse carcass samples in Korea, we collected 578 samples from Korean slaughterhouses (n=311) and retail markets (n=267) for isolation of staphylococci and determined antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in all the isolates. The presence of and prevalence of fusB-family genes (fusB, fusC, fusD, and fusF) and mutations in fusA genes were examined in fusidic acid resistant isolates. A total of 47 staphylococcal isolates of 4 different species (Staphylococcus aureus, n=4; S. hyicus, n=1; S. epidermidis, n=10; Mammaliicoccus sciuri, n=32) were isolated. Fusidic acid resistance were confirmed in 9/10 S. epidermidis and all of the 32 M. sciuri (previously S. sciuri) isolates. Acquired fusidic acid resistance genes were detected in all the resistant strains; fusB and fusC in S. epidermidis and fusB/C in M. sciuri. Multi-locus sequence type analysis revealed that ST63 (n=10, 31%) and ST30 (n=8, 25%) genotypes were most prevalent among fusidic acid resistant M. sciuri isolates. In conclusion, the high prevalence of fusB-family genes in S. epidermidis and M. sciuri strains isolated from pork indicated that NAS might act as a reservoir for fusidic acid resistance gene transmissions in pork production chains.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.563-579
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• 2023

Myogenesis and adipogenesis are the important processes determining the muscle growth and fat accumulation livestock, which ultimately affecting their meat quality. Hanwoo is a popular breed and its meat has been exported to other countries. The objective of this study was to compare the myogenesis and adipogenesis properties in satellite cells, and meat quality between Hanwoo and Vietnamese yellow cattle (VYC). Same 28-months old Hanwoo (body weight: 728±45 kg) and VYC (body weight: 285±36 kg) steers (n=10 per breed) were used. Immediately after slaughter, tissue samples were collected from longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles for satellite cells isolation and assays. After 24 h post-mortem, LL muscles from left carcass sides were collected for meat quality analysis. Under the same in vitro culture condition, the proliferation rate was higher in Hanwoo compared to VYC (p<0.05). Fusion index was almost 3 times greater in Hanwoo (42.17%), compared with VYC (14.93%; p<0.05). The expressions of myogenesis (myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, and myogenic factor 6)- and adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma)-regulating genes, and triglyceride content were higher in Hanwoo, compared with VYC (p<0.05). Hanwoo beef had a higher intramuscular fat and total monounsaturated fatty acids contents than VYC beef (p<0.05). Whilst, VYC meat had a higher CIE a* and total polyunsaturated fatty acids content (p<0.05). Overall, there was a significant difference in the in vitro culture characteristics and genes expression of satellite cells, and meat quality between the Hanwoo and VYC.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.685-702
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• 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics; however, not all LAB strains have the same beneficial effects. To successfully use LAB as probiotics in canines, LAB species should originate from the canine intestinal tract as they display host specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genomic traits of potential probiotic LAB isolated from canine fecal samples. Twenty LAB samples were evaluated for their potential probiotic characteristics including resistance to low pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, adhesion to epithelia or mucosa, and production of inhibitory compounds. Additionally, we evaluated their safety and other beneficial effects on canine health, such as DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-galactosidase. Four strains demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics and were selected: Enterococcus hirae Pom4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum Pom5, Pediococcus pentosaceus Chi8, and Ligilactobacillus animalis FB2. Safety evaluations showed that all strains lacked hemolytic activity, could not produce biogenic amines, and did not carry any pathogenic genes. In addition, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics and concordant with the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Based on their phenotypic and genomic characteristics, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 were identified as potential probiotic candidates for canines.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.246-255
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• 2023

Genus Penicillium comprising the most important and extensively studied fungi has been well-known as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Our study aimed to analyze and investigate biological activities, including in vitro anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, of metabolites from a marine-derived fungus belonging to P. levitum. The chemical compounds in the culture broth of P. levitum strain N33.2 were extracted with ethyl acetate. Followingly, chemical analysis of the extract leaded to the isolation of three ergostane-type steroid components, namely cerevisterol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), and (3β,5α,22E)-ergosta-6,8(14),22-triene-3,5-diol (3). Among these, (3) was the most potent cytotoxic against human cancer cell lines Hep-G2, A549 and MCF-7 with IC₅₀ values of 2.89, 18.51, and 16.47 ㎍/mL, respectively, while the compound (1) showed no significant effect against tested cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory properties of purified compounds were evaluated based on NO-production in LPS-induced murine RAW264.7 macrophages. As a result, tested compounds performed diverse inhibitory effects on NO production by the macrophages, with the most significant inhibition rate of 81.37±1.35% at 25 ㎍/mL by the compound (2). Interestingly, compounds (2) and (3) exhibited inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes in vitro assays. Our study brought out new data concerning the chemical properties and biological activities of isolated steroids from a P. levitum fungus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2024

Background: Early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that abuts adjacent structures requires careful evaluation due to its potential impact on postoperative outcomes and prognosis. We examined stage I NSCLC with invasion into adjacent structures, focusing on the prognostic implications after curative surgical resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 796 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for pathologic stage IA/IB NSCLC (i.e., visceral pleural invasion only) at a single center from 2008 to 2017. Patients were classified based on tumor abutment and then reclassified by the presence of visceral pleural invasion. Clinical characteristics, pathological features, and survival rates were compared. Results: The study included 181 patients with abutting NSCLC (22.7% of all participants) and 615 with non-abutting tumors (77.3%). Those with tumor abutment exhibited higher rates of non-adenocarcinoma (26.5% vs. 9.9%, p<0.01) and visceral/lymphatic/vascular invasion (30.4%/33.1%/12.7% vs. 8.5%/22.4%/5.7%, respectively; p<0.01) compared to those without abutment. Multivariable analysis identified lymphatic invasion and male sex as risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in stage I NSCLC measuring 3 cm or smaller. Age, smoking history, vascular invasion, and recurrence emerged as risk factors for OS, whereas the presence of non-pure ground-glass opacity was a risk factor for DFS. Conclusion: NSCLC lesions 3 cm or smaller that abut adjacent structures present higher rates of various risk factors than non-abutting lesions, necessitating evaluation of tumor invasion into adjacent structures and lymph node metastasis. In isolation, however, the presence of tumor abutment without visceral pleural invasion does not constitute a risk factor.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.49.1-49.15
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• 2022

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could protect against myocardial infarction (MI). TLR4 is reported to play an important role in MI, while microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p) negatively regulates TLR4 expression. Therefore, we hypothesize that MSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-182-5p may have beneficial effects on MI. We generated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and overexpressed miR-182-5p in these cells for exosome isolation. H₂O₂-stimulated neonatal mouse ventricle myocytes (NMVMs) and MI mouse model were employed, which were subjected to exosome treatment. The expression of inflammatory factors, heart function, and TLR4 signaling pathway activation were monitored. It was found that miR-182-5p decreased TLR4 expression in BM-MSCs and NMVMs. Administration of exosomes overexpressing miR-182-5p to H₂O₂-stimulated NMVMs enhanced cell viability and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, they promoted heart function, suppressed inflammatory responses, and de-activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in MI mice. In conclusion, miR-182-5p transferred by the exosomes derived from BM-MSCs protected against MI-induced impairments by targeting TLR4.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2024

기저 질환 없이 평소 건강하던4세 남아에서 COVID-19와 연관된 열성 경련이 발생하였다. SARS-CoV-2 양성으로 확인되어 음압격리병동에 입원한 당일 발열과 함께 25분간 전신 간대성 발작이 있었고 산소흡입, 항경련제 투여 후 소실되었다. 말초혈액, 혈액화학, 전해질, 혈액기체분석, 급성기반응물질, 면역혈청, 특수화학 검사 결과들은 참고치 내에 있었으나, 소변검사에서 케톤이 검출되었다. 가슴X선 영상검사에서 활동성 폐병변이 관찰되지 않았고, 뇌파 검사에서 이상 소견 없었다. 뇌 자기공명영상 검사에서 뇌실질 내외의 병변은 없었다. 발작은 재발하지 않았고 입원 12병일째 퇴원하였으며 신경학적 후유증은 없었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.39.1-39.18
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• 2021

The high virulent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that emerged in China at the end of 2019 has generated novel coronavirus disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causing a pandemic worldwide. Every country has made great efforts to struggle against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including massive vaccination, immunological patients' surveillance, and the utilization of convalescence plasma for COVID-19 therapy. These efforts are associated with the attempts to increase the titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Abs (nAbs) generated either after infection or vaccination that represent the body's immune status. As there is no standard therapy for COVID-19 yet, virus eradication will mainly depend on these nAbs contents in the body. Therefore, serological nAbs neutralization assays become a requirement for researchers and clinicians to measure nAbs titers. Different platforms have been developed to evaluate nAbs titers utilizing various epitopes sources, including neutralization assays based on the live virus, pseudovirus, and neutralization assays utilizing recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein receptor binding site, receptor-binding domain. As a standard neutralization assay, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) requires isolation and propagation of live pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus conducted in a BSL-3 containment. Hence, other surrogate neutralization assays relevant to the PRNT play important alternatives that offer better safety besides facilitating high throughput analyses. This review discusses the current neutralization assay platforms used to evaluate nAbs, their techniques, advantages, and limitations.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2005

2004년 1월부터 12월까지 충남지역 5개 지정 협력병원에서 수거한 설사환자의 대변가검물 787건에 대한 병원성세균, 설사바이러스 및 원충에 대한 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 병원성 세균 10종에 대한 검사결과 Salmonella spp. 27건, 병원성대장균 20건(EHEC 3건, EPEC 9건, ETEC 8건), Clostridium perfringens 18건, Staphy-lococcus aureus 6건, Vibrio parahaem-olyticus 4건과 Shigella spp. 4건 등 79건이 분리되었다. 병원성 바이러스 4종에 대한 검사결과 rotavirus 115건, norovirus 55건, astro-virus 5건, rotavirus 4건, norovirus 4건의 혼합감염, adenovirus 3건, rotavi-rus 2건과 astrovirus 2건의 혼합감염으로 총 190건이 검출되었다. 원충 3종에 대한 검사결과 Entam-oeba histolytica 5건, Giardia lamblia 1건으로 6건이 검출되었다. 병원성세균은 10세 이하에서 26.8%, 61세 이상에서 45.6%, 바이러스는 10세 이하에서 65.8%, 61세 이상에서 17.4% 그리고 원충은 10세 이하에서 83.3%, 61세 이상에서 16.7%로 모두 10세 이하와 61세 이상에서 높은 검출을 보였다. 특히, 5세 이하의 어린이 경우 세균은 20.3%, 바이러스는 63.7% 그리고 원충은 83.3%로 높은 검출을 보였다. 병원성세균은 월별, 계절별로 분리율 차이가 미미하나 1월과 3월에 각각 2.5%로 가장 적게 분리되었고 8월에 16.7%로 가장 많이 분리되었다. 병원성 바이러스는 9월에 1.6%로 가장 적게 4월에 14.7%로 가장 많이 검출 되었다. Salmonella spp.는 ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ticarcillin에 비교적 높은 내성을 나타냈고, Shigella spp.는 ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloram-phenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin에 비교적 높은 내성을 나타냈으며, 병원성대장균은 ampicillin, ceph-alothin, gentamicin, tetracycline, nalidi-xic acid, ampicllin/sulbactam, ticarcillin에 비교적 높은 내성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1998

서울시내 약수에서 Pseudomonas속균의 균종분포, 생화학적 특성, 혈청학적 특성 및 항생제 감수성을 조사하기 위하여 약수 57개소에 대하여 봄, 여름, 가을에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 총 57개 약수를 조사한 결과, 33개 (57.9%)의 약수에서 Pseudomonas속균이 검출되었다. 봄, 여름, 가을에 모두 검출된 곳은 1곳(1.8%) 이었으며, 2회에 걸쳐 검출된 곳은 9곳 (15.8%)이었으며, 1회만 검출된 곳은 13곳 (22.8%)이었다. 지역별로는 청계산이 50%의 검출율을 나타내었으며, 북한산, 35.7&, 대모산 33.3%, 도봉산 29.6%, 수락산 25.9%, 우면산 22.2%, 불암산 7.4% 순이었다. 분리된 균종은 Ps. putidark 22주(50%)로 가장 많았으며, Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. fluorescens 및 Ps. mendocins 각 6주(13.6%), Ps.aureofaciens 4주(9.1%)이었다. 분리된 Ps. aeruginosa6주의 혈청형은 모두 5종으로 A형 2주 , B, C,E 및 G형 각 2주씩이었다. 분리된 Ps. aeruginosa의 항생제에 대한 내성은 Amoxicillin 90.9%, Chloramphenicol 84.1%, Carbenicillin 81.8%, Nalidixic acid 68.2%, Neomycin 38.6%, Streptomycin 31.8%, Gentamicin 4.6%, Kanamycin 4.6% 그리고 Colistin 2.3%이었다. Ps.aeruginosa는 다른 슈도모나스균에 비해 carbenicillin에 대한 감수성이 있으나 kanamycin에 대한 내성이 높았다. Ps. aureofaciens는 다른 슈도모나스균에 비해 streptomycin에 대하여 내성이 없었다. 분리된 Ps.aeruginosa의 항생제에 대한 다제내성양상은 5제내성이 31.8%로 가장 높았으며, 내성양상에서는 NA-CB-CTE-AMC가 18.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다.