• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.69-93
• /
• 2010

In this research, through experiments, we show that incongruity of color between mediums has positive influence on brand attitude in terms of integrated management of brand. We also present that self-image congruence of 'brand-consumer' has moderating effect on such influence of color incongruity. Mediums were limited to the ones that magnifying visual influence in order only to observe influence of color. With the same reason, visual factors other than color were coherently set or held constant and we chose brands with either low familarity or no previous knowledge. As a result, we find that brand attitude by the incongruity of color between mediums was higher compared to brand attitude by the congruence of color. In case with lower self-image congruence of brand-consumer we show higher change in attitude compared to the one with higher self-image congruence of brand-consumer. We believe our findings are interesting to note that brand may be enhanced by forming positive brand attitude through brand expression i.e., color of visual factors. In addition, we suggest that level of congruence and diversity of brand expression is in fact deeper or wider than that of brand manager's intuition. We see that it is possible for studying brands the incongruity which has been studied as a strategy to reposition mature brands can be a way of improving the recognition on new brands.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.105-132
• /
• 2006

The major purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental uncertainties and logistics resources capabilities mediated by relational norms and logistics services on logistics performance in the industrial products. The 272 data were collected from the key informants who were working at the logistics-related departments in the H Heavy Industries & Construction and HSD Engine. The following results were verified using structural equation modeling. First, environmental uncertainties such as dynamism and heterogeneity unexpectedly had insignificant effects on relational norms such as information exchange and flexibility and logistics services such as product availability and on-time delivery. Second, logistics resource capabilities showed unique effects based upon its component's characteristics. For example, Logistics Information Systems did not have direct impact on logistics services but had indirect effect on logistics services via relational norms. On the other hand, logistics resources such as logistics specific assets and transportation service competencies had direct impact on logistics services but not on relational norms. Third, relational norms between transaction partners significantly affected logistics services but had insignificant effects on logistics performance such as logistics costs reduction and delivery qualities. Fourth, consistent with several studies, excellent logistics services between industrial purchaser and suppliers based upon relational norms did have significant effect on logistics performance such as delivery consistency and delivery qualities. Finally, the empirical results in this study could be strategic logistics management guidelines based upon the theoretical relationships among the environmental uncertainties, logistics information systems, logistics resources, relational norms, logistics services, and logistics performance.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-41
• /
• 2007

This study examines factors that influence delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents using longitudinal analysis. A total of 1,012 students completed a questionnaire when they were Grade 6 and 739 students completed a follow-up questionnaire when they became Grade 9. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the following variables predicted delinquent behavior of Grade 9 students: Bullying, previous delinquency, experience of punishment, victimization, social efficacy, and moral disengagement. The above six variables have direct and mediating influence of delinquent behavior. Relational factors also influenced delinquent behavior. Social exclusion from friends reduce social efficacy, which increases victimization and which in turn increases bullying, leading to greater delinquency. Parental rejection, social exclusion from friends and hostility from teachers increase moral disengagement, which increases bullying, leading to delinquency. Low academic achievement increases the likelihood of being punished, which increases bullying, leading to delinquency. The results indicate that moral disengagement and social efficacy are mediating factors of delinquency and negative life-events (i.e., social exclusion from friends, rejection from teachers, hostility from parents and low academic achievement) increase the likelihood that Korean adolescents will engage in delinquent behavior. Implications of the results for future research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.14 no.1_spc
• /
• pp.427-468
• /
• 2008

This article examines the role and influence of educational achievement on Korean society and its future. Four major factors that associated with and influence educational achievement in Korea (i.e., trust, efficacy beliefs, quality of life, and societal transformation) are reviewed. First, the role of educational achievement on establishing a basis for trust in Korean society is examined. By reviewing studies of perception of Korean society, people and institutions, the importance of establishing trust in Korean society is outlined. Second, the role of efficacy belief in promoting educational achievement is examined. The importance of collective efficacy, at the adolescent, adult and political levels is emphasized. In addition, the concept and application of self-efficacy for teachers and parents is reviewed. Third, the role and influence of educational achievement on quality of life is outlined. Studies indicate that educational achievement plays an important role in improving the quality of life. The pressure to achieve, however, can have negative impact on stress and mental health and support systems need to be developed to alleviate their impact. Fourth, the future and prospects for Korean society through educational achievement is discussed. Through education, the importance of bridging the divide with North Korea is an important agenda for the future of Korean society. Finally, the importance of indigenous psychological perspective in understanding Korean society and providing direction for the future is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2023

This study presents a well spacing design for coalbed methane(CBM) reservoirs using the experimental results of methane gas adsorption measurement of coal samples obtained from North Kalimantan Island, Indonesia. The gas productivity analysis shows that the cumulative gas production increases as the Langmuir volume increases. This indicates that the maximum gas adsorption directly affects the gas production. In addition, the maximum gas production increases with the increase of reservoir permeability, and the dewatering period is shortened. In particular, the cumulative gas production increases as the production influence area increases. However, when comparing productivity per unit well, the maximum cumulative gas production is found between 2,000 ft of depth and 80-160 acres of the influence area. When reservoir depth and production influence area are considered simultaneously, the results of the appropriate well depth and spacing calculations show that gas productivity is highest between 600-2,000 ft. In this case, it is appropriate to design well spacing in the range of 80-160 acres. Therefore, well spacing design considering coalbed depth in undeveloped CBM reservoirs can be accomplished using gas sorption test results from coal samples.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.51-75
• /
• 2021

Global e-commerce websites offer personalized recommendation services to gain sustainable competitiveness. Existing studies have offered personalized recommendation services using quantitative preferences such as ratings. However, offering personalized recommendation services using only quantitative data has raised the problem of decreasing recommendation performance. For example, a user gave a five-star rating but wrote a review that the user was unsatisfied with hotel service and cleanliness. In such cases, has problems where quantitative and qualitative preferences are inconsistent. Recently, a growing number of studies have considered review data simultaneously to improve the limitations of existing personalized recommendation service studies. Therefore, in this study, we identify review and rating mismatches and build a new user profile to offer personalized recommendation services. To this end, we use deep learning algorithms such as CNN, LSTM, CNN + LSTM, which have been widely used in sentiment analysis studies. And extract sentiment features from reviews and compare with quantitative preferences. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology in this study, we collect user preference information using real-world hotel data from the world's largest travel platform TripAdvisor. Experiments show that the proposed methodology in this study outperforms the existing other methodologies, using only existing quantitative preferences.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.6.1-6.15
• /
• 2023

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are occupational and environmental pollutants generated by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Exposure to PAHs can occur in various occupations. In this study, we compared PAH exposure levels among occupations based on 4 urinary PAH metabolites in a Korean adult population. Methods: The evaluation of occupational exposure to PAHs was conducted using Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey data. The occupational groups were classified based on skill types. Four urinary PAH metabolites were used to evaluate PAH exposure: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPHE), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFLU). The fraction exceeding the third quartile of urinary concentration for each PAH metabolite was assessed for each occupational group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for exceeding the third quartile of urinary PAH metabolite concentration were calculated for each occupational group compared to the "business, administrative, clerical, financial, and insurance" group using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The "guard and security" (OR: 2.949; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.300-6.691), "driving and transportation" (OR: 2.487; 95% CI: 1.418-4.364), "construction and mining" (OR: 2.683; 95% CI: 1.547-4.655), and "agriculture, forestry, and fisheries" (OR: 1.973; 95% CI: 1.220-3.191) groups had significantly higher ORs for 1-OHP compared to the reference group. No group showed significantly higher ORs than the reference group for 2-NAP. The groups with significantly higher ORs for 1-OHPHE than the reference group were "cooking and food service" (OR: 2.073; 95% CI: 1.208-3.556), "driving and transportation" (OR: 1.724; 95% CI: 1.059-2.808), and "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" (OR: 2.255; 95% CI: 1.022-4.974). The OR for 2-OHFLU was significantly higher in the "printing, wood, and craft manufacturing" group (OR: 3.109; 95% CI: 1.335-7.241) than in the reference group. Conclusions: The types and levels of PAH exposure differed among occupational groups in a Korean adult population.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.39.1-39.14
• /
• 2023

Background: Diseases affecting the lungs and airways contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. The problem in low- and middle-income countries appears to be exacerbated by a shift in global manufacturing base to these countries and inadequate enforcement of environmental and safety standards. In Ghana, the potential adverse effects on respiratory function associated with occupational wood dust exposure have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Sixty-four male sawmill workers and 64 non-woodworkers participated in this study. The concentration of wood dust exposure, prevalence and likelihood of association of respiratory symptoms with wood dust exposure and changes in pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters in association with wood dust exposure were determined from dust concentration measurements, symptoms questionnaire and lung function test parameters. Results: Sawmill workers were exposed to inhalable dust concentration of 3.09 ± 0.04 mg/m³ but did not use respirators and engaged in personal grooming habits that are known to increase dust inhalation. The sawmill operators also showed higher prevalence and likelihoods of association with respiratory symptoms, a significant cross-shift decline in some PFT parameters and a shift towards a restrictive pattern of lung dysfunction by end of daily shift. The before-shift PFT parameters of woodworkers were comparable to those of non-woodworkers, indicating a lack of chronic effects of wood dust exposure. Conclusions: Wood dust exposure at the study site was associated with acute respiratory symptoms and acute changes in some PFT parameters. This calls for institution and enforcement of workplace and environmental safety policies to minimise exposure at sawmill operating sites, and ultimately, decrease the burden of respiratory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2023

In some areas of the Republic of Korea, the designation and management of conservation areas do not adequately reflect regional characteristics and often impose behavioral regulations without considering the local context. One prominent example is the Busan EDC area. As a result, conflicts may arise, including large-scale civil complaints, regarding the conservation and utilization of these areas. Therefore, for the efficient designation and management of protected areas, it is necessary to consider various ecosystem factors, changes in land use, and regional characteristics. In this study, we specifically focused on the Busan EDC area and applied machine learning techniques to analyze the habitat of regional species. Additionally, we employed Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques to interpret the results of our analysis. To analyze the regional characteristics of the waterfront area in the Busan EDC district and the habitat of migratory birds, we used bird observations as dependent variables, distinguishing between presence and absence. The independent variables were constructed using land cover, elevation, slope, bridges, and river depth data. We utilized the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model, known for its excellent performance in various fields, to predict the habitat probabilities of 11 bird species. Furthermore, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations technique, one of the representative methodologies of XAI, to analyze the relative importance and impact of the variables used in the model. The analysis results showed that in the EDC business district, as one moves closer to the river from the waterfront, the likelihood of bird habitat increases based on the overlapping habitat probabilities of the analyzed bird species. By synthesizing the major variables influencing the habitat of each species, key variables such as rivers, rice fields, fields, pastures, inland wetlands, tidal flats, orchards, cultivated lands, cliffs & rocks, elevation, lakes, and deciduous forests were identified as areas that can serve as habitats, shelters, resting places, and feeding grounds for birds. On the other hand, artificial structures such as bridges, railways, and other public facilities were found to have a negative impact on bird habitat. The development of a management plan for conservation areas based on the objective analysis presented in this study is expected to be extensively utilized in the future. It will provide diverse evidential materials for establishing effective conservation area management strategies.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.123-139
• /
• 2024

In the rapidly expanding live-commerce market, one of the newer channels in e-commerce, consumer satisfaction appears to have plateaued. This study, therefore, aims to explore the impact of consumers' internal psychological states on the formation of service attitudes and offers practical solutions based on these findings. Whereas previous studies predominantly focused on external factors, this research examines the role of internal psychological states and perceived value in shaping consumer attitudes. Specifically, this study distinguishes between personal loneliness and social isolation, adding an altruistic dimension by incorporating interpersonal orientation, thereby setting it apart from earlier research. The focus of this study is on the psychological conditions of live-commerce consumers, investigating how factors such as loneliness, social isolation, and interpersonal orientation influence service attitudes, moderated by perceived economic value. The analysis reveals that both social isolation and interpersonal orientation significantly affect service attitudes, with social isolation exerting a stronger influence. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between loneliness and service attitude. Additionally, the effects of social isolation and interpersonal orientation on service attitudes were moderated by perceived economic value, which amplified their influence. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating consumer-centric psychological factors when developing strategies. A tailored approach that aligns with the unique characteristics of the live-commerce channel can help businesses provide customized services. This strategic approach is expected to support the development of effective operational strategies and practical solutions not only for live-commerce but also for future two-way communication channels that businesses and small enterprises may leverage.