• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1993

The effects of environmental factors on the growth of Enteromorpha compressa germlings from Daeyulri (34$^{\circ}$36'N; 127$^{\circ}$47'E), the southern cost of Korea were examined in laboratory culture through combinations of irradiance and salinity and temperature and salinity. They showed a maximum growth rate at 125 $\mu$E.m-2.s-1 and 32$\textperthousand$ of irradiance and salinity combination, and at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 32% of temperature and salinity combination. Optimal parameters for the growth of germlings were 15$^{\circ}C$, 125 $\mu$E.m-2s-1 and 32$\textperthousand$. The germlings of E. compressa were survived in a wide range of irradiance, temperature and salinity levels, even though they had relatively low irradiance optimum. In the field E. compressa occurred commonly during autumn and spring seasons and disappeared in summer, except for particular habitats. This may be caused by the salinity and water temperature of this area rarely drop below 26$\textperthousand$ and 8$^{\circ}C$ during winter. A broad tolerance to environmental and rapid growth of germlings made them a wide geographical distribution over the world and a survival in both the upper and lower intertidal zones.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose - Previous studies examined effects of sharing economy in the fields such as accommodation and automobile sector, while there are lack of researches in the field of skill-sharing economy. By classifying skill-sharing into general and special skill-sharing, this study explored effects of variables such as transaction utility, social utility, sustainability utility, emotional utility, economic utility, and trust utility, on attitudes, intention, satisfaction, and loyalty of demand (i.e., customers) and supply (i.e., providers) sides, potential, and actual customers. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected via both online and offline surveys. This study applied factor analysis and multiple regression analysis for findings. Results - Results show that utilities for general suppliers' skill-sharing are significant than other cases. Among utilities, this study found that trust utility shows significant for the cases of special customers', general suppliers' and special suppliers' potential skill-sharing. The results implies that trust is crucial in the transaction of the sharing economy. Conclusions - Enhanced managerial systems help resolve issues on the sharing economy. This study provides implications what are positive effects of skill-sharing economy and recommends proper establishment of the sharing economy.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.938-941
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• 2006

Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from 1995 to 2001 and field measurements of sea surface wind, sea state, and vertical stratification are used for statistical analyses of internal wave (IW) occurrence and SAR imaging conditions in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). Latitudinal distribution of IW packets shows that 22% of IW packets distributed in the east of $118^{\circ}E$ and 78% of IW packets in the west of $118^{\circ}E$. The yearly distribution of IW occurrence frequencies reveals an interannual variability. The monthly SAR-observed IW occurrence frequencies show that the high frequencies are distributed from April to July and reach a peak in June. The low occurrence frequencies are distributed in winter from December to February of next year. These statistical features are explained by solitary wave dynamics.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.15-27
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships among the following retail operations variables: retail store operations (i.e., store management, sales personnel, promotion of merchandise), success of assortment planning, firm performance (i.e., market share, overall competitive position, profitability, product quality, consumer satisfaction), and retail buyer's demographics and firm's characteristics. Research design, data, and methodology - After conducting a pilot test, the survey was conducted in Seoul, South Korea. With using the listwise deletion method, 378 usable data sets were analyzed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods were employed. Results - As evidenced from the path diagram, the relationship between retail store operations and the success of assortment planning is strong and significant. Retail store operations affect firm performance, though at a weaker significance than it affects the success of assortment planning. The relationship between the success of assortment planning and firm performance, is the strongest relationship observed by this research. Conclusions - The findings of this empirical study contribute to the retail/fashion buying/management field by confirming (a) the importance of assortment planning for retail firm performance and (b) the role of store operations for successful assortment planning and firm performance for fashion retailers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1998

In this paper, the electron swarm parameters in the 0.5% and 0.2% SF\ulcorner+Ar mixtures are measured by time of flight method over the E/N(Td) range from 30 to 300(Td). The measurements have been carried out by the double shutter drift tube with variable drift distance from the cathod. A two-term approximation of the boltzmann equation analysis and Monte Carlo simulation have been also used to study electron transport coefficients. We have calculated W, $ND_L,\;ND_T,\;\alpha,\;\eta,\;\alpha-\eta$, and the limiting breakdown electric field to gas mixtures ratio in pure $SF_6$+Ar mixtures. The electron energy distribution function has been analysed in $SF_6$+Ar mixtures at E/N : 200(Td) for a case of the equilibrium region in the mean electron energy. The measured results and the calculated results have been compared each other.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

The volume of parcel delivery is steadily increasing with the rapid growth of the global online e-commerce market. However, a large amount of packaging materials used for these parcel delivery is finally causing environmental problems as waste. The rapid increase of these packaging waste has been making many countries to research ways to reduce the generation of distribution packaging waste. In this study, we have measured the empty space ratio for 131 packagings of parcel delivery purchased through the several domestic online stores in order to investigate the present situation in connection with the degree of excessive or overpack in korean parcel delivery packagings, so that 64 packagings were exceeded 50% in the empty space ratio. And we have suggested ways to reduce the generation of distribution packaging waste raised by e-commerce-based parcel delivery through analyzing the previous research and case studies ; one is to optimize and minimize the packaging design by safe transit test(field-to-lab test), another is to develop a reusable & returnable transport packaging and system applicable in the domestic supply chain, the other is to regulate directly with a policy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.109-123
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• 2022

Purpose: This research presents a practical tool aimed at increasing collaboration between designers and marketers for effective retail space branding. We present a design-related information processing model (DIP Model), which is a schematic map that includes cognitive theories which have design applications to retail space branding. Research design, data and methodology: Through literature review and practitioner opinion survey, 43 theories pertaining to the brand communication in retail spaces were selected, and design applications of the theories were analysed through field trips to stores of global brands. Results: The DIP Model consists of two axes: the information processing axis (i.e., encoding vsretrieval) and the regulatory focus axis(i.e., promotion vs prevention). Theories related to information processing axis are theories that facilitate the encoding and retrieval of information as intended by the company. Theories related to regulatory focus axis are theories that reinforce positive cognition and prevent negative cognition regarding the brand. Conclusions: The DIP Model is developed as a tool to categorise cognitive theories that are applicable to the design of brand communication in retail spaces. As such, the model can provide a better understanding of the role of behavioural design, with the aim of building stronger brands in retail spaces.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.194-202
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• 2019

Reliability analysis of the components frequently starts with the data that manufacturer provides. If enough failure data are collected from the field operations, the reliability should be recomputed and updated on the basis of the field failure data. However, when the failure time record for a component contains only a few observations, all statistical methodologies are limited. In this case, where the failure records for multiple number of identical components are available, a valid alternative is combining all the data from each component into one data set with enough sample size and utilizing the useful information in the censored data. The ROK Navy has been operating multiple Patrol Killer Guided missiles (PKGs) for several years. The Korea Multi-Function Control Console (KMFCC) is one of key components in PKG combat system. The maintenance record for the KMFCC contains less than ten failure observations and a censored datum. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach with a Dirichlet mixture model to estimate failure time density for KMFCC. Trends test for each component record indicated that null hypothesis, that failure occurrence is renewal process, is not rejected. Since the KMFCCs have been functioning under different operating environment, the failure time distribution may be a composition of a number of unknown distributions, i.e. a mixture distribution, rather than a single distribution. The Dirichlet mixture model was coded as probabilistic programming in Python using PyMC3. Then Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique employed in PyMC3 probabilistically estimated the parameters' posterior distribution through the Dirichlet mixture model. The simulation results revealed that the mixture models provide superior fits to the combined data set over single models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.104-105
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• 2012

The temperature dependence of the effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of ferrite nanoparticles is obtained based on the measurements of SQUID magnetometry. For this end, a very simple but intuitive and direct method for determining the temperature dependence of anisotropy constant K(T) in nanoparticles is introduced in this study. The anisotropy constant at a given temperature is determined by associating the particle size distribution f(r) with the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. In order to estimate the particle size distribution f(r), the first quadrant part of the hysteresis loop is fitted to the classical Langevin function weight-averaged with the log?normal distribution, slightly modified from the original Chantrell's distribution function. In order to get an anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$, the temperature dependence of magnetization decay $M_{TD}$ of the sample is measured. For this measurement, the sample is cooled from room temperature to 5 K in a magnetic field of 100 G. Then the applied field is turned off and the remanent magnetization is measured on stepwise increasing the temperature. And the energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$ is obtained by differentiating the magnetization decay curve at any temperature. It decreases with increasing temperature and finally vanishes when all the particles in the sample are unblocked. As a next step, a relation between r and $T_B$ is determined from the particle size distribution f(r) and the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. Under the simple assumption that the superparamagnetic fraction of cumulative area in particle size distribution at a temperature is equal to the fraction of anisotropy energy barrier overcome at that temperature in the anisotropy energy barrier distribution, we can get a relation between r and $T_B$, from which the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant was determined, as is represented in the inset of Fig. 1. Substituting the values of r and $T_B$ into the $N{\acute{e}}el$-Arrhenius equation with the attempt time fixed to $10^{-9}s$ and measuring time being 100 s which is suitable for conventional magnetic measurement, the anisotropy constant K(T) is estimated as a function of temperature (Fig. 1). As an example, the resultant effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of manganese ferrite decreases with increasing temperature from $8.5{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 5 K to $0.35{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 125 K. The reported value for K in the literatures is $0.25{\times}10^4J/m^3$. The anisotropy constant at low temperature region is far more than one order of magnitude larger than that at 125 K, indicative of the effects of inter?particle interaction, which is more pronounced for smaller particles.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1246-1248
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• 2003

Internal wave with a soliton-like, large amplitudes within several kilometers, is frequently observed in the sea surface caused by tidal rectification due to sill or rough topographic changes. Internal waves can perturb current and density field, initiate bottom sediment re -suspension and mix nutrients to photic zone. Previous studies indicate that the appearance of internal wave in the Lombok Strait have been detected in SAR image data. This paper studies effect of internal wave in the Lombok Strait to chlorophyll distribution in the surrounded areas using SeaWiFS and ERS SAR images data during 1996-2001 periods. The preliminary result concludes that the internal waves presumably affect phytoplankton distribution spreading southeastward in the coast off Bali Island. The distribution of phytoplankton at southern coastline off Bali Island when internal wave occurred is elongated and distributed further to westward (from 8.8$^{\circ}$ to 10.7$^{\circ}$LS) than the area when internal wave did not occur on August 2000 (from 9.25$^{\circ}$ to 10.25$^{\circ}$LS) as shown in figure 3. It shown that the surface phytoplankton concentration near coastal area, i.e. from 8.8$^{\circ}$ to 9.25$^{\circ}$ LS, increased when internal wave is occurred.