• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-111
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• 1997

The human speech organ consists of respiration system (lung, larynx), phonation system (vocal cord), articulation system (esophagus, pharynx, uvula, teeth, gingiva, palate, tongue, lip) and resonating system(oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus). Because teeth are components of the articulation system, it has been reported that the persons with abnormally positioned teeth generally have abnormal occlusion and pronunciation. In this study, using /ㅅ(s)/, the most commonly mispronunced consonant in children with malocclusion, and the seven single vowels, /사(sa), 서($s\delta$), 소(so), 수(su), 스($s\omega$), 시(si), 세(se)/ and / ㅏ(a), ㅓ($\delta$), ㅗ(o), ㅜ(u), ㅡ($\omega$), 1(i), ㅔ(e)/ were recorded and analyzed using speech analysis program on computer by measuring formants and compared them for investigating the differences in pronunciation in children with Angle's class I occlusions and those with Angle's class II div.1 malocclusion. The result were as follows: 1. In the Angle's Class II div.1 group, there were no significant differences in F1 of all recorded sounds as compared with Angle's Class I group(p>0.05). 2. In the consonants, there were significant differences in F2 of /스($s\omega$)/ and F2/F1 ratio of /사(sa), 서($s\delta$), 시(si)/ between the two group(p<0.05). 3. In the vowels, there were significant differences F2/F1 ratio of /ㅓ($\delta$)/(p<0.05) and no significant differences in F2/F1 ratio between two group(p>0.05). 4. In the consonants, there were significant differences in F2 and F2/F1 ratio when succeeding vowels were high or low, and F2/F1 ratio when front in accordance with tongue position (p<0.05). 5. In the vowels, there were no significant differences in formant in accordance with tongue position(p>0.05)

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.339-343
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• 1997

소맥분 및 복합분들에 관한 amylogram 특성치, 조리시험, 색도 및 관능검사를 실시하여 알아본 결과는 달음과 같다. 복합분의 amylogram의 특성치는 20% 밤가루 첨가구까지 밀가루 면의 점도 특성에 접근하였다. 조리시험에서는 밤가루의 배합비가 증가할수록 조리면의 중량, 부피는 약간씩 감소되었고 흡광도는 약간씩 증가되었으나 30% 밤가루가 첨가될 때까지는 밀가루 면과의 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조리면의 색차($\Delta$E)가 밀가루 면과의 비교에서 B, C면은 noticeable로 나타났으나 D면 이상은 appreciable로 나타났다. 관능검사의 경우, 색도는 30% 밤가루 첨가구까지 밀가루 면과 유의차가 없었으나 조직감에서는 밤가루 10% 첨가구만이 유의차가 없었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2007

지진기록의 수평성분 S파 푸리에스펙트럼을 이용한 추계학적 지진동모델(stochastic point-source ground-motion model; Boore, 2003) 파라미터 역산결과를 기반으로 지진공학적으로 활용될 수 있는 지진관측소 분류를 시도하였다. 추계학적 지진동모델에서 부지효과는 고주파감쇠상수인 $K_0$ (Anderson and Hough, 1984)와 지층의 탄성임피던스의 차이에 의해 발생하는 부지증폭함수(A(f))의 조합으로 표현된다. 본 연구에서는 A(f)를 지진파 스펙트럼의 수평/수직성분비(H/V)와, 이를 초기값으로 하여 얻어진 역산결과에 의한 관측소별 로그오차평균을 합산하여 계산하였다. 지진관측소는 $1{\sim}10$ Hz 범위의 부지증폭함수의 상용로그 최대값($logA_{1-10}^{max}$(f))에 의해 다섯 등급(A: $logA_{1-10}^{max}$(f) < 0.2, B: 0.2 $\leq$ $logA_{1-10}^{max}$(f) < 0.4, C: 0.4 $\leq$ $logA_{1-10}^{max}$(f) < 0.6, D: 0.6 $\leq$ log < 0.8, E: 0.8 $\leq$ $logA_{1-10}^{max}$(f))으로 분류하였다. 분류된 진관측소의 평균적인 부지증폭함수는 A에서 E 등급으로 변함에 따라 지반의 고유진동수가 저주파로 이동하는 의미 있는 결과를 나타내었으며, 최근에 설치장소를 이전한 기상청 일부 관측소에 대해 이설 전후의 등급변화 및 최근 발생한 중규모 지진관측자료와 지진동 거리감쇠식과의 비교분석을 통해 관측소 분류결과의 타당성을 입증할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.198-198
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• 1991

Not only difference of fatigue crack growth and propagation behavior resulted from the grain size, the hardness ratio and volume fraction in M.E.F. dual phase steel composed of martensite in hard phase and ferrite in soft phase, but also the effects of the plastic constraint were investigated by fracture mechanics and microstructural method. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) The fatigue endurance of M.E.F. steel increases with decreasing the grain size, increasing the ratio of hardness and volume fraction. 2) The initiation of slip and crack occures faster as the stress level goes higher. These phenomena result from the plastic constraint effect of the second phase. 3) The crack propagation rate in the constant stress level is faster as the grain size gets larger, the ratio of hardness lower and volume fraction smaller.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to describe the nature of the inheritance of jumping as a behavioral trait and to analyze quantitatively the jumping height as a measure of vigor in two subspecies of mice. Two subspecies of mice, Yonakuni wild mouse (Y) and $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ laboratory mouse (C), were used as the parental types. Reciprocal mating between these two subspecies was made to produce subsequently the first and second generations. The first generation was $F_1$ (YC) resulting from $Y\;male{\times}C\;female$, and $F_1{^\prime}$ (CY) from $C\;male{\times}Y\;female$. The second generation $F_2$ (YCYC) was from mating $F_1{\times}F_1$ and $F_2{^\prime}$ (CYCY) from $F_1{^\prime}{\times}F_1{^\prime}$. Individuals were treated with a set of direct current shock apparatus at six weeks of age to evoke jumping. The results showed that the ratio between jumping and non jumping mice (J: NJ) for C was 0%:100% (0:1), which means that all C did not jump throughout the experiment, whereas Y was 68%:32% (2:1); and the $F_1$ and $F_2$ showed 65%:35% (2:1) and 51%:49% (1:1), respectively. All $F_1{^\prime}$ and $F_2{^\prime}$ individuals jumped as indicated by the ratio 100%:0% (1:0) for both these two genetic groups. Of the jumped mice, average height of the first three jumping observed for pooled sexes in Y, $F_1$, $F_2$, $F_1{^\prime}$ and $F_2{^\prime}$ were 19.3 cm, 19.3 cm, 18.0 cm, 19.9 cm and 16.4 cm, respectively. The distribution of jumping height showed a tendency to be a normal distribution. The jumping activity and jumping height may be affected by some major genes and polygenes, respectively.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1987

잠업시험장에서 육성중인 한성흑란계통잠의 실용형질향상을 위한 효율적인 교잡방법의 탐색을 위해 동아구교잡, 연속교잡, 단계 및 복계여교잡의 4가지 육종방법이 교잡원종세대(P)로부터 F6세대까지 비교검토되었다. 1. 화용비율의 경우 4가지 육종방법 공히 세대간에 또는 교잡방법간에 매우 변화가 심하였고 교잡효과의 양상은 연속교잡>동아구교잡·복계교잡>단계여교잡의 순으로 낮아졌다. 2. 전견중, 견층중, 견층비율의 경우 동아구교잡을 제외한 3가지 방법 공히 비교적 우수한 육종방법으로 생각된다. 3. 세대별 형질발현의 추이를 보면 화룡비율은 세대별 변화가 매우 심하여 일정한 경향이 없고, 전견중, 견층중, 견층비율은 교잡방법에 불구하고 P세대에서 F2,세대간은 교잡효과가 급상승하나 그 이후세대에서는 매우 둔화되는 양상을 보였다. 4. 육성중인 본 근성흑란계통누에의 실용형질은 육성중인 비전좌계통의 원종과 대차없다. 5. 본 근성흑란 암누에의 실용형질 발현도(E)는 정상잠에 가까워 전좌염색체편에 의한 생리적 결여가 매우 미소한 것으로 생각된다. 6. 이상의 결과에서 F7세대 이후의 근성흑란계통 누에의 실용형질 향상은 교잡육종에 의한 계통분리법이 좋을 것으로 생각되고, 아울러 형질고정도도 향상시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2021

Objective: The aim was to characterize the genetic diversity evolution of the registered Mexican Charolais cattle population by pedigree analysis. Methods: Data consisted of 331,390 pedigree records of animals born from 1934 to 2018. Average complete generation equivalent, generation interval, effective population size (N_e), and effective numbers of founders (f_e), ancestors (f_a), and founder genomes (N_g) were calculated for seven five-year periods. The inbreeding coefficient was calculated per year of birth, from 1984 to 2018, whereas the gene contribution of the most influential ancestors was calculated for the latter period. Results: Average complete generation equivalent consistently increased across periods, from 4.76, for the first period (1984 through 1988), to 7.86, for the last period (2014 through 2018). The inbreeding coefficient showed a relative steadiness across the last seventeen years, oscillating from 0.0110 to 0.0145. During the last period, the average generation interval for the father-offspring pathways was nearly 1 yr. longer than that of the mother-offspring pathways. The effective population size increased steadily since 1984 (105.0) and until 2013 (237.1), but showed a minor decline from 2013 to 2018 (233.2). The population displayed an increase in the f_a since 1984 and until 2008; however, showed a small decrease during the last decade. The effective number of founder genomes increased from 1984 to 2003, but revealed loss of genetic variability during the last fifteen years (from 136.4 to 127.7). The f_a:f_e ratio suggests that the genetic diversity loss was partially caused by formation of genetic bottlenecks in the pedigree; in addition, the N_g:f_a ratio indicates loss of founder alleles due to genetic drift. The most influential ancestor explained 1.8% of the total genetic variability in the progeny born from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: Inbreeding, N_e, f_a, and N_g are rather beyond critical levels; therefore, the current genetic status of the population is not at risk.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.511-525
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• 1995

The differential equations governing in-plane free vibrations of the elastic, catenary arch with rotatory inertia are derived in Cartesian coordinates. Frequencies and mode shapes are computed numerically for such arches with unsymmetric axes, for both clamped-clamped and hinged-hinged end constraints. The lowest four natural frequency parameters are reported, with and without rotatory inertia, as a function of three nondimensional system parameters; the span to cord length ratio e, the slenderness ratio s, and the rise to cord length ratio f. Experimental measures of frequencies and mode shapes for several laboratory-scale catenary models serve to validate the theoretical results.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1997

An experimental study of the application of Silica fume for the high strength concrete was conducted. Nine specimens with three different contents of silica fume, 0%, 10%, 20% and with three water-cement ratio 30%, 40%, 50% were tested. Results shows that 10% of silica fume and 30% of water-cement ratio has a maximum strength with 700kg/$cm^2$ of compressive strength and 64kg/$cm^2$ of splitting tensile strength and 100kg/$cm^2$ of flexural strength. Slump value of the tested samples decreases with increasing water-cement ratio and elapsed time of silica fume. Splitting tensile strength$({\sigma}_f)$ and flexural strength $({\sigma}_f)$ and static modulus of elasticity(E) can be correlated with compressive strength $({\sigma}_c)$ from a regression analysis.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1990

Six Levels of Service are defined for each type of facility for which analysis procedures as available. They are given letter designations, from A to F with Level of Service A representing the best operating conditions and Level of Service F the worst. Yet the appropriate criteria by vehicle delay model in our situations are not formed. Therefore, The objective of this study is to form the criterion of by average approach delay based on the criterion of V/C ratio. Level-of-Service criterion of this study by TRANSYT-7F Delay Model is as follows. A:${\leq}35.5$ sec, B:${\leq}41$ sec, C:${\leq}48$ sec, D:${\leq}56.5$ sec, E:${\leq}66.5$ sec, F:>66.5 sec.