• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea mostly depends on the causative factor, which usually falls under the categories of Deficiency and Excess pattern in traditional Oriental medical theories and diagnosis. Thus, we investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea and verified the validity of Deficiency and Excess pattern identification. Methods: We investigated menstruation symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea in total 14 gynecology-medical books including the book ${\ll}$Exemplar Of Korean Medicine (Dongui Bogam)${\gg}$ and whole body symptom and sign identifying Deficiency and Excess pattern at the same time. A survey based on this investigation was carried out targeting women of childbearing age. Results: Total of 14 gynecology-medical books have mostly narrated pre-menstrual and mid & post-menstrual pelvic pain depending on the time of its manifestation for identifying Deficiency and Excess pattern. Dysmenorrhea in pre-menstrual period belonged to Excess pattern and dysmenorrhea in mid & post-menstrual period belonged to Deficiency pattern. Among a total of 343 women, 196 subjects suffered from dysmenorrhea. The number of dysmenorrhea in pre-menstrual period (Excess pattern) was 116 people and in mid & post-menstrual period (Deficiency pattern) was 80 people. Deficiency and Excess pattern of dysmenorrhea in menstrual period significantly correlated to Deficiency and Excess pattern of whole body symptom and sign in the statistics(P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that pre-menstrual and mid & post-menstrual pelvic pain depending on the time of its manifestation is preferentially utilized as symptom and sign related to dysmenorrhea identifying Deficiency and Excess pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2007

Purpose: Dysmenorrhea is a women's common disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between body composition and VAS, VRS, MVRS of dysmenorrhea. Methods: The subject were 17 women who took body composition(body mass index, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) analysis(Inbody 720) and answered the questionnaire have been calculated VAS, VRS and MVRS in Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee Univ. from Apr. 6, 2007 to Mar. 25, 2007. Results: There was statistically significant correlation between BMI and dysmenorrhea VRS, MVRS. There was statistically significant correlation between BMI and dysmenorrhea VRS, MVRS. There was statistically significant correlation between percent body fat and dysmenorrhea VRS, MVRS. There was statistically significant difference of dysmenorrhea VRS, MVRS between BMI underweight group and BMI normal or overweight group. There was statistically significant difference of dysmenorrhea VAS between waist-hip ratio normal group and waist-hip ratio abnormal group. Conclusion: Body composition analysis(body mass index, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) is useful to predict pain grade of dysmenorrhea.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.413-426
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• 2000

The purposes of this study is to examine the degree of dysmenorrhea and self-management of dysmenorrhea in high school girls and to provide basic information for health education. This research is the contents of the characteristics and self-management of dysmenorrhea and thereby serve to provide some theoretical grounds for the health education of high school-girl students. The subjects of this study are the 376 girl students of a high school in Taegu. This study was conducted by collecting data from April 3rd to 7th, 2000. The instruments used for this study by the researcher of this study based on Choi, Myung-Ok's (1992) menstrurational symtom scale (8 items) and factors used to dysmenorrhea scale (5 items). Health locus of control is obtained from a review of references by the researcher, Sin Jae Sin (1985) translated Multidimensional health Locus of Control scale (18 items) were made by Wallston & Wallston (1976). The collected data was analysed by mean, percent, Chi-squre test, Fisher's Exact Test using the SPSS (v 6.12) and SAS program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The characteristics of dysmenorrhea were low abdominal pain, fatigue, back pain, headache, muscle pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. 2. The degree of dysmenorrhea was shown 'a few of discomfort experiment': 73%, late, leaving early and absent for school : 4.0%. 3. By means locus of control, internal health locus of control was shown 79.5% and external health locus of control was shown 20.5%. 4. The self-management of dysmenorrhea was shown 'massaging on the abdomen and bed rest' is 31.9%, 'tolerance' is 53.5%. 5. When the characteristics of dysmenorrhea was compared with demographics, low abdominal pain was significant of the number of siblings (p<.05), the family history (mother's dysmenorrhea)(p<.01) and back pain was significant of the age, family history, low abdominal pain (p<.05, p<.01, p<.01). 6. There was no significant of the locus of control. When the self-management of dysmenorrhea was compared with demographics, the age was significant (p<.05).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.113-115
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• 1998

Dysmenorrhea(cyclic pain associated with menses) is a frequent disorder, with as many as 50% of young women experiencing the symptom, and up to 10% being unable to function normally for some time each month. The most recent theory of the cause of the pain of dysmenorrhea incriminates uterine ischemia and sensitization of uterine pain fibers resulting from excessive myometrial contractility after prostaglandin stimulation. We administered stellate ganglion block for the treatment of dysmenorrhea and had good results in two cases. From our experience, we recommend the stellate ganglion block may be an effective treatment for a dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was designed to identify the effects of heat therapy on dysmenorrhea, heat being provided using a far infrared rays heating element. Methods: The research design for the study was a non-equivalent control group quasi- experimental design. Participants were 22 students for the experimental group, and 26 students for the control group. Data were analyzed using SAS WIN 9.1 program. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower mean scores for menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea, and blood pressure than those in the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for pulse, respiration, and temperature. Conclusion: These findings show that thermotherapy was effective for reduction of menstrual pain, dysmenorrhea, and B/P. Therefore, this therapy could be used as a nursing intervention for students with dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.32-45
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate oriental medical research on dysmenorrhea published within 10 years to analyze the trends of study on dysmenorrhea at home and abroad for progress in future clinical research. Methods & Results: Publication research was carried out on several online database systems using keywords like 'dysmenorrhea', 'traditional medicine', 'herb', 'acupuncture', 'CAM', 'complementary and alternative medicine', 'moxibustion' within 10 years(2002-2012). 32 Korean journal articles and 29 oversea journal articles were selected. Conclusions: This study concludes that more well-designed randomized-controlled studies and diverse approaches are necessary to make accumulation of evidence on oriental medical therapy of dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of tourmaline Gemstone therapy on dysmenorrhea and painful menstruation in middle school female students. Method: This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data was collected from 15 subjects from September 1 to November 31, 2005. Tourmaline Gemstone therapy was provided once during a peak time of dysmenorrhea and painful menstruation. The instrument used were modified Moos's MDQ(Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) tool and VAS. Data was analyzed with the use SPSS. Result: There was a statistically significant difference in the dysmenorrhea(t=5.50, p=.000) and painful menstruation(t=6.49, p=.000) after the intervention with tourmaline gemstone therapy. Conclusion: Tourmaline Gemstone therapy using a Tourmaline Gemstone therapy has a positive effect on decreasing dysmenorrhea and painful menstruation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2011

Objectives: This paper was aim to report the effects of Gamisoyosan-gagambang (加味逍遙散加味方) on the Primary Dysmenorrhea patients. Methods: Two patients who had been suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled in this study. They received oriental treatment such as herbal medicine. We gave them Gamisoyosan-gagambang several times. During the treatments, we requested them to visit hospital once every two weeks. If they could not come to hospital, we called them to take follow-up. The progress of symptoms was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS). Results: After treatment, most symptoms were improved and also VAS was reduced. Conclusions: This clinical cases indicate that Gamisoyosan-gagambang is effective in treatment of the primary dysmenorrhea patients. More clinical data and studies are requested for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Purpose: We intended to observe the relations between Chiljehyangbuhwan and abdominal temperature according to primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 100 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test, additionally WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) by Inbody 2.0). By the fixed blocked randomization and double blind method, Chiljehyangbuhwan or placebo was administered for 1 menstration period. Finally, 69 patients remainded. Before and after administration, we measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung(CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4), Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI (DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV12 / CV17 and CV4 / CV17 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4 / CV12 and CV3. After that, we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by VRS (verbal rating scale) and MVRS (multidimensional verbal rating scale). In dysmenorrhea severity, we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate, severe). For statistics, we used Pearson correlations and Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was correlated to ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4). In case of VRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was not correlated to ${\Delta}T$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by MVRS was connected with ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4) after Chiljehyangbuhwan administration. So we can consider Chiljehyangbuhwan effects the abdominal temperature according primary dysmenorrhea severity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analysis differences of heart rate variability (HRV), body composition, digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI), and electro pulse graph by whether there are some causes of dysmenorrhea or not. Methods: We studied 89 patients who took at least one test among HRV, Body composition, DITI, and electro pulse graph visiting Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from March 1, 2014 to May 7, 2019. Results: There were statistically significant differences in Low frequency (LF), LF norm and High frequency norm (HF norm) of HRV between primary dysmenorrhea patients and secondary dysmenorrhea patients. There were statistically significant differences in Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage of Body composition between two groups. But both BMI were included in normal range. There were no statistically significant difference in DITI results. And there was significant difference of Estimated circulation resistance (ECR) between two groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that hormone imbalance of secondary dysmenorrhea patients can affect HRV results. And because of high ECR, phlegm pathology can be more considered in secondary dysmenorrhea patients. Further study should be conducted to confirm the results of body composition and DITI differences.