• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.219-230
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• 2023

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Previous studies demonstrated that DS affected mitochondrial functions, which may be associated with the abnormal development of the nervous system in patients with DS. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is an encoding gene located on chromosome 21. It has been reported that RUNX1 may affect cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The present study investigated whether RUNX1 plays a critical role in mitochondrial dysfunction in DS and explored the mechanism by which RUNX1 affects mitochondrial functions. Expression of RUNX1 was detected in induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with DS (DS-iPSCs) and normal iPSCs (N-iPSCs), and the mitochondrial functions were investigated in the current study. Subsequently, RUNX1 was overexpressed in N-iPSCs and inhibited in DS-iPSCs. The mitochondrial functions were investigated thoroughly, including reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and lysosomal activity. Finally, RNA-sequencing was used to explore the global expression pattern. It was observed that the expression levels of RUNX1 in DS-iPSCs were significantly higher than those in normal controls. Impaired mitochondrial functions were observed in DS-iPSCs. Of note, overexpression of RUNX1 in N-iPSCs resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, while inhibition of RUNX1 expression could improve the mitochondrial function in DS-iPSCs. Global gene expression analysis indicated that overexpression of RUNX1 may promote the induction of apoptosis in DS-iPSCs by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The present findings indicate that abnormal expression of RUNX1 may play a critical role in mitochondrial dysfunction in DS-iPSCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify the effects of a functional correction of the pain of patients with chronic low back pain(CLBP), and to examine the effect of dysfunctional factors on health-related quality of life. METHODS: A preliminary survey was first conducted on 90 patients with CLBP after functional orthodontic treatment. Some revised questionnaires were also prepared. The survey was distributed for approximately eight weeks, and 215 copies were used as the final analysis data, except for questionnaires that were inadequate, error or non-response. RESULTS: Path analysis using the structural equation model of CLBP patients showed a positive correlation between all the path coefficients and the potential factors. The multidimensional relationship between pain and dysfunction after orthognathic treatment was confirmed using three subdivisions of the pain variables as independent variables and the dysfunctional variables as the dependent variables. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of pain on the dysfunction. To identify the multidimensional relationship between dysfunction and the health-related quality of life, eight sub-factors of dysfunctional variables were set as the independent variables, and multiple regression was analyses were performed with the dependent variables of the health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION: This study examined the structural and influence relationships of the functional correction with pain, dysfunction, and health-related quality of life. The results, suggest that a functional orthodontic treatment can be used as a positive program for the health-related quality of life. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it provieds useful information for intervention such as psychosocial change of patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.567-577
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• 2017

Obesity is known to induce inhibition of glucose uptake, reduction of lipid metabolism, and progressive loss of skeletal muscle function, which are all associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that regulate cellular metabolism and bioenergetics, including ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Due to these critical roles of mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction results in various diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is associated with impairment of mitochondrial function (e.g., decrease in $O_2$ respiration and increase in oxidative stress) in skeletal muscle. The balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission is critical to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Obesity impairs mitochondrial dynamics, leading to an unbalance between fusion and fission by favorably shifting fission or reducing fusion proteins. Mitophagy is the catabolic process of damaged or unnecessary mitochondria. Obesity reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and increases accumulation of dysfunctional cellular organelles, suggesting that mitophagy does not work properly in obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are reported to trigger apoptosis, and mitochondrial apoptosis is induced by obesity in skeletal muscle. It is well known that exercise is the most effective intervention to protect against obesity. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise protects against obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle are not clearly elucidated, exercise training attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, allows mitochondria to maintain the balance between mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, and reduces apoptotic signaling in obese skeletal muscle.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.393-403
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of cognitive impairment for the elders taking part in activities at senior community center and to identify the multiple factors affecting the cognitive dysfunction of them. Data were collected for the 375 elders taking part in activities at senior community center at 4 different areas of dong, up, and myun of C-city from June 2016 to July 2016, and their general characteristics as well as health-related characteristics, depression, and cognitive dysfunction were investigated and analyzed. The results of this study showed that cognitive dysfunction was affected by the age, education, economic support, history of stroke, and exercise. The risk of cognitive dysfunction was 3.50 times higher in patients over 80 years old than patients below 74 years old(p=.002), and the lower the level of education showed the higher the risk of cognitive dysfunction(p=.036)(p<.001). In addition, the risk of cognitive dysfunction was low in the absence of a history of stroke(p=.033), and the risk of cognitive dysfunction increased by 1.84 times if they do not exercise(p=.044). Based on the present study, It is required to consider the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction efforts to prevent and manage cognitive impairment before the onset of cognitive dysfunction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.133-138
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• 2017

It has been to have not only good functions that make us convenient but also side effects that lead to a variety of social problems. Especially, on many statistical data shows the high percentage of adolescent exposed to such side effects. Therefore, it is important for teenagers who needs to build healthy personality to learn information ethics education. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed the existing information ethics education in information curriculum and information ethics education in revision curriculum of 2015. In order to educate the information ethics in the new curriculum, the education priorities of the adolescents according to the exposures of information dysfunction were suggested and the information dysfunctional areas were classified into educational categories. It is expected that information ethics education can be applied more effectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.385-392
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• 2013

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent, primarily due to limited sun exposure, which may be observed in urban areas, or as a result of modern lifestyles. Common myths about vitamin D persist, including that it is mostly obtained from the diet and is only essential for bone and mineral homeostasis. Nonetheless, advances in biomedical science suggest that vitamin D is a hormone that is integral to numerous physiologic functions in most cells and tissues. Therefore, abnormal vitamin D levels may contribute to health disturbances. A number of recent reports on potential associations between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease have highlighted its role in this system. A focus over the previous decade has been to better understand the mechanisms behind vitamin D regulation and the pathophysiology associated with suboptimal vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency is highly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, even when considering other well-known risk factors. In this process, the renin-angiotensin system is disrupted, and hypertension and endothelial dysfunction contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Likewise, clinical outcomes upon the normalization of vitamin D levels have been investigated in different patient populations. It makes sense that vitamin D supplementation to improve vitamin D status among vitamin D-deficient individuals could be useful without requiring a sudden lifestyle change. This manuscript provides a brief overview of vitamin D metabolism and the vitamin D receptor. It also summarizes the current clinical research relating to vitamin D supplementation and its effects on hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular medicine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

We investigated the effect of pycnogenol (PYC) supplementation on retarding the immune dysfunction of CS7BL/6 mice after murine AIDS (MAIDS) development. Dysfunction of T and B cell mitogenesis from primary cultured splenocytes has been observed with retrovirus infection and PYC supplementation partially recovered the dysfunction of T and B cells. There was an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern with retrovirns infection, which was designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokines and increased secretion of Th2 cytokines. PYC supplementation increased IL-2 and $IFN-\gamma$ secretion and decreased IL-4, IL-6, and $TNF-\alpha$ secretion, but it was not sufficient enough to maintain the normal level of these cytokines. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by retrovirns infection, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level, whereas PYC supplementation normalized the hepatic level of vitamin E and lipid peroxidation. This study suggests that PYC supplementation may partially help retard the incidence of symptoms during MAIDS.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 1985

The R-R interval analyzer was developed to measure the autonomic nervous system function using microcomputer. The system based on 8 bit microcomputer including bandpass filter, R-wave detector and clock generator in order to obtain the mean value, standard deviation, total time, CV value, maximum value and minimum value in the specific view point of R-R interval variation. The pattern of R-R interval change after resting, voluntary standing and deep breathing can be analysed in normal subjects and diabetics with autonomic nervous dysfunction. The amplitude of the R-R interval variation showed sensitive pattern for normal subjects at resting, standing and deep breathing. On the contrary, the periodicities of amplitude for abnormal subjects with autonomic nervous dysfunction showed dull pattern. It was suggested that R-R interval analyzer is a good detection method for dysfunction of autonomic nervous system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.417-422
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• 2017

Cisplatin is the most effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent for many types of cancer. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited by its adverse effects, notably bone marrow suppression leading to abnormal hematopoiesis. We previously revealed that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is responsible for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function by protecting the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) fibers survival from chemotherapy-induced bone marrow impairment. Here, we show the NPY-mediated protective effect against bone marrow dysfunction due to cisplatin in an ovarian cancer mouse model. During chemotherapy, NPY mitigates reduction in HSC abundance and destruction of SNS fibers in the bone marrow without blocking the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin, and it results in the restoration of blood cells and amelioration of sensory neuropathy. Therefore, these results suggest that NPY can be used as a potentially effective agent to improve bone marrow dysfunction during cisplatin-based cancer therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2010

The sacroiliac joint is difficult to appropriately examine and treat because it is extremely complex and also is difficult to distinguish dysfunctions from those of the spine and hip which are highly intergrated functionally. In addition generally traditional x-rays and CT scans also are not beneficial in detecting sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The manipulative physiotherapist should seek to establish a series of relevant finding that build into a case implicating the sacroiliac joint. When deciding to use these diagnostic tests, the examiner must determine if the test will give reliable and useful information that will help in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment. To be useful diagnostic tests must give reliable data and be valid and the most useful methods of determining whether a test is a good test for pathology under consideration are sensitivity and specificity. In the ideal world, one would want a test that has both high sensitivity and high specificity. The purpose of this review is to ascertain diagnostic value on the tests for sacroiliac joint dysfunction by literature.