• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1086-1093
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• 2004

The modal characteristics of constrained multibody systems undergoing constant accelerated motions are investigated in this paper. Relative coordinates are employed to derive the equations of motion, which are generally nonlinear in terms of the coordinates. The dynamic equilibrium position of a constrained multibody system needs to be obtained from the nonlinear equations of motion, which are then linearized at the dynamic equilibrium position. The mass and the stiffness matrices for the modal analysis can be obtained from the linearized equations of motion. To verify the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed method, two numerical examples are solved and the results obtained by using the proposed method are compared with those obtained by analytical and other numerical methods. The proposed method is found to be accurate as well as effective in predicting the modal characteristics of constrained multibody systems undergoing constant accelerated motions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.733-751
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• 2013

Near field ground motions have caused several structural damages in recent decades. As a result, seismic codes are being updated with related requirements. In this paper a comparative study on the seismic behavior of concentrically braced frames (CBFs) designed based on different seismic codes is performed. Reliability of various frames with different heights and bracing types are analyzed based on the results of "Incremental Dynamic Analysis" (IDA) under near field ground motions. Fragility curves corresponding to IO (Immediate Occupancy) and CP (Collapse Prevention) limit states are extracted based on IDA curves. Results imply that, frames designed based on the near field seismic design criteria of UBC-97 are more reliable under near field ground motions and their failure probability is less comparing to others.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

In this paper, the seismic performance of reinforced concrete braced frames (RC-BF) under far- and near-fault motions was investigated. Four-, eight-, 12- and 16-story RC-BFs were designed on the basis of a code-design method for a high risk seismic zone. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of the frames have been performed using OpenSees software. To consider diverse characteristics of near-fault motions, records with forward-directivity and fling-step effects were employed. From the results obtained in the analytical study it is concluded that the used design method was reasonable and the mean maximum drift of the frames under all ground motion sets were in acceptable range. For intermediate- and high-rise buildings the near-fault motions imposed higher demands than far-faults.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

In the nonlinear dynamic structural analysis the given ground excitation as an input should be well defined. Because of the lack of recorded accelerograms in Korea it is required to generate an artificial earthquake by a stochastic model of ground excitation with various dynamic properties rather than recorded accelerograms. It is well known that earthquake motions are generally non-stationary with time-varying intensity and frequency content. Many researchers have proposed non-stationary random process models. Yeh and Wen (1990) proposed a non-stationary modulation function and a power spectral density function to describe such non-stationary characteristics. Satio and Wen(1994) proposed a non-stationary stochastic process model to generate earthquake ground motions which are compatible with design reponse spectrum at sites in Japan. this paper shows the process to modify power spectrum compatible with target design response spectrum for generating of nonstationary artificial earthquake ground motions. Target reponse spectrum is chosen by ATC14 to calibrate the response spectrum according to a give recurrence period.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2012

This paper deals with numerical analyses in the context of estimations of hydrodynamic motions and dynamic loads for a floating type offshore platform using some exclusive simulation code such as code for the simulation of a floating type of offshore crane based on multi-body dynamics, along with the commercial code AQWA. Verifications of numerical models are carried out by comparing the RAO results from the simulation code. In the verification analyses, hydrodynamic motions are examined in the frequency domain for the floating type offshore platform according to the mooring lines. Both the hydrodynamic motions and dynamic loads are estimated for floating type offshore platforms equipped with the catenary type and taut mooring lines. A review and comparison are carried out for the numerically estimated results. The structural safety of the connection parts in an offshore structure such as a floating type offshore platform is one of the most important design criteria in view of fatigue life. The dynamic loads in the connecting area between a floating type offshore platform and its mooring lines are estimated in detail according to variations in the mechanical properties of the mooring lines. The dynamic tension load on the mooring lines is also estimated.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1354-1359
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• 2004

This paper is concerned with the application of perturbation method to the dynamic analysis of floating flexible body. In dealing with the dynamics of free-floating body, the rigid-body motions and elastic vibrations are analyzed separately. However, the rigid-body motions cause vibrations and elastic vibrations also affect rigid-body motions in turn, which indicates that the rigid-body motions and elastic vibrations are coupled in nature. The resulting equations of motion are hybrid and nonlinear. We can discretize the equations of motion by means of admissible functions but still we have to cope with nonlinear equations. In the previous paper, we proposed the use of perturbation method to the coupled equations of motion and derived zero-order and first-order equations of motion. The derivation process was lengthy and tedious. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new approach to the same problem by applying the perturbation method to the Lagrange's equations, thus providing a systematic approach to the addressed problem. Theoretical derivations show the efficacy of the proposed method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

This paper is concerned with the numerical study on the resonance response of a rigid spar-type floating platform in coupled heave and pitch motion. Spar-type floating platforms, widely used for supporting the offshore structures, offer an economic advantage but those exhibit the dynamically high sensitivity to external excitations due to their shape at the same time. Hence, the investigation of their dynamic responses, particularly at resonance, is prerequisite for the design of spar-type floating platforms which secure the dynamic stability. Spar-type floating platform in 2-D surface wave is assumed to be a rigid body having 2-DOFs, and its coupled dynamic equations are analytically derived using the geometric and kinematic relations. The motion-variance of the metacentric height and the moment of inertia of floating platform are taken into consideration, and the hydrodynamic interaction between the wave and platform motions is reflected into the hydrodynamic force and moment and the frequency-dependent added masses. The coupled nonlinear equations governing the heave and pitch motions are solved by the RK4 method, and the frequency responses are obtained by the digital Fourier transform. Through the numerical experiments to the wave frequency, the resonance responses and the coupling in resonance between heave and pitch motions are investigated in time and frequency domains.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.511-530
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• 2008

This paper discusses a feasibility of a new type of two-way system for single layer lattice domes with nodal eccentricity by investigating the dynamic behavior under earthquake motions. The proposed dome is composed of two main arches, intersecting each other with T-joint struts to provide space for tensioning membranes. The main purposes of this study are to calculate the nonlinear dynamic response under severe earthquake motions and to see the possibility of using this new type of two-way system for single layer lattice domes against earthquake motions. The results show that the main arches remain elastic except yielding of the joints of strut members that can be used to absorb some amount of strain energy at strong earthquake motion. Consequently, deformation of the main arches can be reduced and any heavy damages on the main arches can be minimized. A kind of damage-control characteristic appeared in this system may be utilized against severe earthquake motions, showing a possibility of designing a new type of single layer lattice dome.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2006

The dynamic mechanical thermal properties of poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT), poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) and their P(HT-co-CT) random copolymers in the amorphous state were examined as a function of temperature and frequency. All the samples exhibited two main relaxation processes in the plot of tan ${\delta}$ versus temperature: the primary ${\alpha}$-relaxation associated with the glass transition and the secondary ${\beta}$-relaxation attributed to the local segmental motions of mostly cyclohexylene rings for PCT and to cooperative motions of methylene, carboxyl, and phenylene groups for PHT. Both ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-relaxation temperatures increased with increasing CT content. The activation energy of the ${\alpha}$-relaxation increased with increasing CT content, whereas that of the ${\beta}$-relaxation decreased. The sub-glassy secondary ${\beta}$-relaxation processes of PCT and PHT were investigated in terms of the cooperativity of main-chain segmental motions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2010

This paper studies the effects of spatially varying ground motions on the responses of a bridge frame located on a canyon site. Compared to the spatial ground motions on a uniform flat site, which is the usual assumptions in the analysis of spatial ground motion variation effects on structures, the spatial ground motions at different locations on surface of a canyon site have different intensities owing to local site amplifications, besides the loss of coherency and phase difference. In the proposed approach, the spatial ground motions are modelled in two steps. Firstly, the base rock motions are assumed to have the same intensity and are modelled with a filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical spatial ground motion coherency loss function. Then, power spectral density function of ground motion on surface of the canyon site is derived by considering the site amplification effect based on the one dimensional seismic wave propagation theory. Dynamic, quasi-static and total responses of the model structure to various cases of spatially varying ground motions are estimated. For comparison, responses to uniform ground motion, to spatial ground motions without considering local site effects, to spatial ground motions without considering coherency loss or phase shift are also calculated. Discussions on the ground motion spatial variation and local soil site amplification effects on structural responses are made. In particular, the effects of neglecting the site amplifications in the analysis as adopted in most studies of spatial ground motion effect on structural responses are highlighted.